Forensic Anthropology The Growing PDF
Preview Forensic Anthropology The Growing
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY ddrraammaa110000__bbooddyyttxx..iinndddd 559922 1111//77//0077 11::5588::5577 PPMM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN FOCUS FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY The Growing Science of Talking Bones Peggy Thomas This book is dedicated to my father HOWARDFACKLAM. As a teacher he taught me to look at the world and its facts, but as my father he showed me the world and its graces. Thanks Dad! FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY: The Growing Science of Talking Bones Copyright © 2003, 1995 by Peggy Thomas This is a revised edition of TALKING BONES: The Science of Forensic Anthropology by Peggy Thomas (Facts On File, 1995) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thomas, Peggy. Forensic anthropology : the growing science of talking bones / Peggy Thomas. p. cm. — (Science and technology in focus) Rev. ed. of: Talking bones. c1995. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4731-6 (hardcover) 1. Forensic anthropology. 2. Forensic osteology. I. Thomas, Peggy. Talking bones. II. Title. III. Series. GN69.8 .T48 2003 599.9—dc21 2002005703 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Nora Wertz Illustrations by Sholto Ainslie, Patricia Meschino, and Dale Williams © Facts On File, Inc. Printed in the United States of America MP FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Acknowledgments x Introduction xi Diagram of the Human Skeleton xii Diagrams of the Human Skull xiii 1 Murder 1 September 11, 2001 1 The Sausage Maker 3 The Parkman Murder 6 2 Building a Science 10 The Measure of Man 12 A Turning Point 14 Partners in Crime Fighting 15 War and Research 18 3 The Forensic Team 21 Working within the System 23 Autopsy 24 4 Is It Human? 27 Hands and Paws 32 Horse Tails and Dog Bones 34 5 Crime Scene 36 Search and Recovery 37 Taphonomy 40 Buried Bodies 42 The Forensic Response Team 44 Mass Disaster 45 Crash Site 46 The Largest Crime Scene 47 6 The Body Farm 50 Open-Air Research 51 Early Postmortem Changes 54 Decomposition 55 Rate of Decay 57 Sight, Smell, Touch 58 The Biochemistry of Decomposition 59 7 The Bug Detectives 61 Pig Research 62 Insects and Death 64 Collecting Data 67 Maggot Math 70 Succession Patterns 71 Was the Body Moved? 72 Insects on a Suspect 73 Underwater Insects 73 Bugs and Drugs 74 8 Hidden Identity 76 Living Bone 77 Skeletal Collections 77 Male or Female? 79 Age at Death 82 Race 88 Stature 91 9 Positive Identification 93 Occupational Trauma 94 Handedness 96 Disease and Illness 97 Fingerprints 100 Sinus Prints 104 Forensic Odontology 104 The Dentists of DMORT 106 10 It’s in the Genes 108 In a Leicester Lab 110 The First DNA Manhunt 110 DNA Profiling 111 CODIS 114 From Mother to Child 115 Millions of Tests 116 11 Cause of Death 118 Chicken Legs and Finger Bones 120 Gunshot Trauma 122 Blunt-Force Trauma 123 Sharp-Force Trauma 124 Evidence of Child Abuse 128 Burned Bone 129 After the Fire 130 The Case of the Body in the Burned-Out Car 131 12 Face Finding 134 Finding Frank 135 Grinner—a Face from the Past 140 New Standards 144 Computer Imaging 145 What Are the Chances? 147 Photographic Superimposition 147 Age Progression 151 Facial Image Identification 153 13 The Last Word 154 Anastasia 154 Graveyard Detectives 158 The Angel of Death 160 14 Old Bones 164 Mummies 165 Otzi 167 The Body in the Bog 169 The Repatriation Act 171 Kennewick Man 173 15 Silent Witness 175 A Grave at Ovcara 175 Crimes against Humanity 178 Argentina 179 Working a Mass Grave 181 A Worldwide Effort 183 16 Bringing Them Home 185 Casualty Data 186 Search and Recovery 187 A Mountaintop Mission 188 The Identification Process 189 DNA Testing 193 After September 11 195 Appendixes Glossary 197 Further Reading 199 Websites 200 Index 201
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