Foreigners and Foreign Institutions in Republican China

289 Pages·2012·3.255 MB·English

by  Anne-Marie Brady, Douglas Brown

Foreigners and Foreign Institutions in
Republican China
Republican China attracted an uncommon diversity of foreign interests, groups
and individuals, which included missionaries, adventurers, diplomats, academ-
ics, humanitarians and refugees, as well as hedonists and tourists. By exploring
the diverse nature of foreign activities in Republican China, this book compli-
cates the dominant narratives of the imperialistic foreigner and Chinese victim,
and moves beyond the depiction of foreigners as privileged and the Chinese as
simply weak. The spaces and relationships examined in the chapters in this
volume reveal a complex series of interactions between foreigners and the
people of China which go far beyond one- way transmission or exploitation.
Indeed, this book examines how diverse and sometimes seemingly peripheral
foreign individuals and communities influenced literature, education, trade,
sexual morality, warfare and architecture in China and in the process were them-
selves profoundly changed, in ways that are as remarkable as those experienced
by the Chinese they had come to observe, meet, exploit, conquer, assist, or
change.
Bringing together the work of a diverse group of scholars on Republican
China, this edited volume adopts a uniquely multi- disciplinary approach to the
study of foreigners in China, and utilises the perspectives of historiography, lit-
erary studies, cultural studies, sociology, anthropology and political science. As
such, this interesting and innovative book will be of great interest to students and
scholars from diverse fields including Chinese and global history, politics and
international relations, Chinese studies, literary studies and gender studies.
Anne- Marie Brady is Associate Professor in the School of Social and Political
Sciences at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Douglas Brown teaches English at John Abbott College, Quebec, Canada, and
is a member of the Board of the Canadian Bureau for International Education.
Chinese worlds
Chinese Worlds publishes high quality scholarship, research monographs and
source collections on Chinese history and society. ‘Worlds’ signals the diversity
of China, the cycles of unity and division through which China’s modern history
has passed, and recent research trends toward regional studies and local issues. It
also signals that Chineseness is not contained within borders – ethnic migrant
communities overseas are also ‘Chinese worlds’.
The series editors are Gregor Benton, Flemming Christiansen, Delia Davin,
Terence Gomez and Hong Liu.
1 The Literary Fields of Twentieth-C entury China
Edited by Michel Hockx
2 Chinese Business in Malaysia
Accumulation, ascendance, accommodation
Edmund Terence Gomez
3 Internal and International Migration
Chinese perspectives
Edited by Frank N. Pieke and Hein Mallee
4 Village Inc.
Chinese rural society in the 1990s
Edited by Flemming Christiansen and Zhang Junzuo
5 Chen Duxiu’s Last Articles and Letters, 1937–1942
Edited and translated by Gregor Benton
6 Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas
Edited by Lynn Pan
7 New Fourth Army
Communist resistance along the Yangtze and the Huai, 1938–1941
Gregor Benton
8 A Road is Made
Communism in Shanghai 1920–1927
Steve Smith
9 The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution 1919–1927
Alexander Pantsov
10 Chinas Unlimited
Gregory Lee
11 Friend of China – The Myth of Rewi Alley
Anne- Marie Brady
12 Birth Control in China 1949–2000
Population policy and demographic development
Thomas Scharping
13 Chinatown, Europe
An exploration of overseas Chinese identity in the 1990s
Flemming Christiansen
14 Financing China’s Rural Enterprises
Jun Li
15 Confucian Capitalism
Souchou Yao
16 Chinese Business in the Making of a Malay State, 1882–1941
Kedah and Penang
Wu Xiao An
17 Chinese Enterprise, Transnationalism and Identity
Edited by Edmund Terence Gomez and Hsin-H uang Michael Hsiao
18 Diasporic Chinese Ventures
The life and work of Wang Gungwu
Gregor Benton and Hong Liu
19 Intellectuals in Revolutionary China, 1921–1949
Leaders, heroes and sophisticates
Hung- yok Ip
20 Migration, Ethnic Relations and Chinese Business
Kwok Bun Chan
21 Chinese Identities, Ethnicity and Cosmopolitanism
Kwok Bun Chan
22 Chinese Ethnic Business
Global and local perspectives
Edited by Eric Fong and Chiu Luk
23 Chinese Transnational Networks
Edited by Tan Chee-B eng
24 Chinese Migrants and Internationalism
Forgotten histories, 1917–1945
Gregor Benton
25 Chinese in Eastern Europe and Russia
A middleman minority in a transnational era
Nyíri Pál
26 Chinese Entrepreneurship in a Global Era
Raymond Sin- wok Wong
27 The Politics of Rural Reform in China
State policy and village predicament in the early 2000s
Christian Göbel
28 The Politics of Community Building in Urban China
Thomas Heberer and Christian Göbel
29 Overseas Chinese in the People’s Republic of China
Glen Peterson
30 Foreigners and Foreign Institutions in Republican China
Edited by Anne-M arie Brady and Douglas Brown
Foreigners and Foreign
Institutions in Republican
China
Edited by Anne- Marie Brady and
Douglas Brown
First published 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2013 Anne- Marie Brady and Douglas Brown
The right of Anne-M arie Brady and Douglas Brown to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Foreigners and Foreign Institutions in Republican China/edited by Anne-
Marie Brady and Douglas Brown.
p. cm. – (Chinese worlds; 30)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. China–Relations–History–20th century. 2. China–Foreign
relations–1912–1949. 3. China–Social conditions–1912–1949.
4. China–Economic conditions–1912–1949. 5. Visitors,
Foreign–China–History–20th century. I. Brady, Anne-M arie, 1966–
II. Brown, Douglas, 1961–
DS775.8.F67 2012
303.48′251009041–dc23 2012003954
ISBN: 978-0-415-52865-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-10512-2 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
List of contributors ix
Introduction: foreign bodies 1
ANNE- MARIE BRADY AND DOUGLAS BROWN
PART I
Heterotopic China 23
1 The Italian production of space in Tianjin: heterotopia and
emotional capital 25
MAURIZIO MARINELLI
2 Lending words: foreign language education and teachers in
Republican Peking 52
ERIC S HENRY
 3  Redefining institutional identity: the YWCA challenge to 
extraterritoriality in China, 1925–1930 72
KAREN GARNER
4 Comintern activists in China: spies or theorists? 93
ALEXANDER V PANTSOV
5 Observations of the political and economic situation in
China by the British mercantile community during the civil
war, 1945–1949 109
JASON LIM
viii Contents
PART II
Shanghaied: morality tales from the Paris of the East 129
6 Shanghai three ways: the 1930s view from Tokyo, Paris and
Shanghai 131
DOUG SLAYMAKER
7 Adventurers, aesthetes and tourists: foreign homosexuals in
Republican China 146
ANNE- MARIE BRADY
8 Sissywood vs. Alleyman: going nose to nose in Shanghai 169
DOUGLAS BROWN
9 Takeda Taijun in Shanghai: recollections of Republican
China and Imperial Japan 188
BARBARA HARTLEY
PART III
With China at war  209
10  “What is it makes the stranger?”: Robin Hyde in China  211
MEGAN CLAYTON
11 Italians in Nationalist China (1928–1945): some case studies 234
GUIDO SAMARANI
12 Struggling through times of darkness and despair: Korean
Communists from the anti- Japanese resistance to the
Chinese Civil War  251
LEE JONG- SEOK
Index 268
Contributors
Anne- Marie Brady is Associate Professor in Political Science at the University
of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Douglas Brown teaches in the English department of John Abbott College in
Quebec, Canada.
Megan Clayton teaches in Bridging Programmes at the University of Canter-
bury in Christchuch, New Zealand.
Karen Garner is Associate Professor of Historical Studies at the State Univer-
sity of New York, Empire State College, New York.
Barbara Hartley is Senior Lecturer and current Head of School at the School of
Asian Languages and Studies at the University of Tasmania in Hobart, Australia.
Eric S. Henry is currently a Social Services and Humanities Research Council
Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at
Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada.
Lee Jong-Seok is Senior Fellow at the Sejong Institute in Seoul. Deputy
Secretary-G eneral of the National Security Council of the Republic of Korea
from 2003 to 2005, he served in 2006 as Minister of Unification and Chair-
man of the Standing Committee of the National Security Council.
Jason Lim is Lecturer in Asian Studies in the School of History and Politics at
the University of Wollongong, Australia.
Maurizio Marinelli is Professor of Chinese Studies and Director of the China
Research Centre at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
Alexander V. Pantsov is Professor of History at Capital University, Columbus,
Ohio.
Guido Samarani is Professor of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History at
Università Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, Italy.
Doug Slaymaker is Associate Professor of Japanese at the University of Ken-
tucky, USA.