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Foreign Policy in Global Information Space: Actualizing Soft Power PDF

255 Pages·2007·0.87 MB·English
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1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page i Foreign Policy in Global Information Space This page intentionally left blank 1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page iii Foreign Policy in Global Information Space Actualizing Soft Power Alan Chong 1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page iv FOREIGNPOLICYINGLOBALINFORMATIONSPACE © Alan Chong, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–1–4039–7520–1 ISBN-10: 1–4039–7520–5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: May 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. 1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Introduction: Nation-State Foreign Policy amidst Globalization 1 One Toward a Changing Environment for Foreign Policy: Nation-State, Globalization, and Information as Political Power 6 Two Global Information Space, Discursive Community, and Soft Power 22 Three Soft Power in Foreign Policy 59 Four Leadership in Foreign Policy, From Inside-Out and Outside-In: Singaporean Foreign Policy and the Asian Values Debate, 1992–2000 82 Five The Intermestic Politics of Foreign Policy: Chilean Foreign Policy and the Pinochet Extradition Controversy, 1998–2000 141 Conclusion: Soft Power Foreign Policy—Creation Spinning Re-Creation 192 Notes 199 Bibliography 207 Index 236 This page intentionally left blank 1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1.1 A System of Information Flow 14 2.1 Soft Power Spectrum 57 Tables 4.1 Chronology of Singapore’s Political Milestones 85 4.2 Demand for the Singapore Cooperation Programme 131 5.1 Chronology of Chile’s Political Milestones 142 5.2 A Trail of Intermestic Interventions in Chile 1973–1988 167 This page intentionally left blank 1403975205ts01.qxd 15-2-07 07:43 AM Page ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The abstraction of information, its relationship to globalization, and their cumulative impact upon foreign policy. These were the puzzles mulled over by me as I weathered London’s unfriendly winters and springs on the lonely road of inquiry. Along the way, this book emerged as a dedication to the self-empowering witness in international politics. In this intellectual journey, I have encountered my share of strong heads and determination. People whom one could quarrel with in Prêt-á-Mangerand Fleet Street bars turned out to be true examples of all-night diligence. This book is also ded- icated to those of us who debated Deleuze, Gramsci, and Intellectual Property Rights at the London School of Economics’ International Relations workshops and saw their ideas through to print. My deep sense of indebtedness and appreciation go out to my doctoral supervisor Christopher Hill, who is happily resident once again at his alma mater, Cambridge University; the encouragement of Jana Valencic, who introduced me to the experience of conference editing; and my examiners Stuart Corbridge and Anthony McGrew. In Singapore, I was granted interview access to officials connected with foreign affairs and information policies. My sincere gratitude is due to Professor Tommy Koh, then director of the Asia-Europe Foundation; Mr. Bilahari Kausikan, the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Anthony Chng, then director of the Technical Cooperation Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Alan Chan Heng Loon, then permanent secretary of the Ministry of Transport; and Dr. Choong May Ling of the then Ministry of Communications and Information Technology for granting me a joint interview; as well as various members of the CSC Consultants for entertaining my queries. Paula Donovan of the World Bank Liaison Office in Singapore had been equally responsive to my e-mail queries. Between Chile and Britain, I must make a special mention of the enor- mous help provided by the International Human Rights Project (PIDH) in retracing the human drama behind the 503 days of “the London Picket.” Jimmy and Myriam Bell, Silvia Velasquez, and Nicole Drouilly have been exceptional in their willingness to be open to discussing the events of 1998–2000 to an “outsider.” In this connection, Amnesty International has been most helpful in putting me in touch with their network. Carlos Reyes

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