Foreign agricultural trade of the United States

142 Pages·1993·19.1 MB·English

by  United States. Department of Agriculture. Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
*
Foreign Agricultural Trade
of the United States
Economic
Research
Service
FATUS
November/December 1993
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Sales information
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List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description
Ag Agricultural MT Metric tons
Anhyd Anhydrous NA Not applicable
Cent plan Centrally planned n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified
Chill Chilled NO Number
Devel Developed Nonag Nonagricultural
Dol Dollars OC Ocean
Evap Evaporated Pac Pacific
Ex Excluding Parb Parboiled
Ext Extracts Pen Peninsula
Fr Fresh Prep Preparations, prepared
Froz, Frz Frozen Pres Preserved
ML Hectoliters Prod Products
Incl Including Prop Propelled
Is Island(s) Prot Protein
Mach Machinery Terr Territory
Mfg Manufactured Unmfg Unmanufactured
Misc Miscellaneous Veg Vegetable(s)
Prepared by the Commodity and Trade Analysis Branch, Commodity Economics Division, Economic
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Principal coordinators are Thomas A. Warden and
Mary L. Fant. Lilia George provides word processing and table formatting support. Editorial support is
furnished by Martha R. Evans, Current Information and Popular Publications Branch, Information
Division, Economics Management Staff. Data processing support is provided by Sharlan Starr and
William Meiller, Agriculture and Trade Analysis Systems Branch, Data Services Center.
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States. Commodity and Trade Analysis Branch,
Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Digest
Exports Rose Slightly in FY 1993 (see p. 2). U.S. agricultural exports totaled nearly $42.6 billion in
FY 1993, rising to the second highest level since 1981's $43.8 billion. Exports gained only $160
million from last year as larger exports of high-value products (HVP) offset a decline in bulk
exports. Japan was again the leading destination for U.S. exports, followed by the European
Community (EC), Canada, and Mexico.
Imports Increase Slightly to New Record (see p. 6). FY 1993 agricultural imports increased slightly
to $24.5 billion, 1 percent above FY 1992. Declines in noncompetitive imports were partially
offset by increases in competitive imports. Competitive imports rose $380 million to $18.9 billion
and noncompetitive imports fell $250 million to $5.5 billion. Competitive imports were 77 percent
of total imports.
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1
Exports Rose Slightly in FY 1993 exports benefited from increased import demand in
Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia, where textile
industries were expanding.
U.S. agricultural exports totaled nearly $42.6 bil¬
lion in fiscal year (FY) 1993, rising to the second
HVP Boost Exports
highest level since 1981's $43.8 billion. Exports
gained only $160 million from last year as larger
HVP exports increased almost $850 million, sur¬
exports of high-value products (HVP) offset a de¬
passing $24 billion in FY 1993, and countered the
cline in bulk exports. Japan was again the leading
decline in bulk exports. HVP exports had averaged
destination for U.S. exports, followed by the
about 10 percent of annual growth since 1985,
European Community (EC), Canada, and Mexico.
but slowed to 4 percent in 1993 as sluggish world
economic conditions hampered expansion.
Bulk Export Value Down
Despite slowed growth, HVP gains bolstered ex¬
ports to Japan and Canada, and maintained ex¬
The export volume of bulk commodities rose
ports to Mexico. U.S. vegetable exports increased
nearly 3 million tons to 111 million tons.
over $400 million to $3.2 billion, leading HVP
However, lower prices for feed grains and cotton,
growth. There were also gains in dairy, poultry,
and sharply reduced cotton shipments, decreased
and feeds and fodders that maintained HVP
the value of bulk exports by more than $680 mil¬
growth in FY 1993.
lion to $18.5 billion. Japan imported nearly 24
million tons of bulk commodities (70 percent feed
U.S. exports to Japan were nearly $8.5 billion,
grains), and the EC took nearly 11 million tons
making Japan the leading destination for the fifth
(75 percent soybeans). The greatest change was
consecutive year. Japan was the second leading
the sharp decline in shipments to the former Soviet
market for HVP exports, which rose 7 percent to
Union (FSU), dropping from over 16 million tons to
$4.8 billion. Beef and pork accounted for nearly
under 10 million tons in FY 1993.
one-third of HVP exports. U.S. beef exports
gained 18 percent to $1.2 billion on shipments of
Wheat exports rose 5 percent to 36.1 million tons,
230,000 tons, and pork increased 20 percent to
the largest since FY 1989. Larger shipments and
$330 million. Beef exports benefited from a fur¬
slightly higher prices boosted the export value to
ther tariff reduction and the yen's strength relative
$4.7 billion. Gains to Latin America, South Asia,
to the dollar. There were also gains in feeds and
and Africa overcame a 50-percent reduction in
fodders, up 12 percent to $500 million, and vege¬
wheat shipments to China and the FSU.
tables, up 13 percent to $446 million.
Corn exports rose to 42 million tons, but a 10-
Exports to the EC declined to $7 billion, 2 percent
percent decline in export price reduced its value
below the previous year. The EC was the third
to $4.3 billion, 8 percent below the previous year.
largest market for U.S. HVP commodities, but the
Shipments to Mexico, the EC, and the FSU de¬
value of HVP exports declined 4 percent to $4.1
clined in 1993, but were offset by gains to Japan,
billion, causing most of the decline in U.S. exports
Algeria, Egypt, and Canada.
to the EC. Fruit, nuts, and vegetables, which
accounted for about one-quarter of U.S. HVP
Soybean exports rose 5 percent to 20.4 million
exports to the EC, declined 5 percent despite a
tons on increased shipments to the EC, Taiwan,
rise in primarily highly processed vegetable
and Southeast Asia. Shipments to the EC totaled
exports. Fruit and nut exports were 15 percent
8.3 million tons, the largest since 1988, as
and 11 percent below the previous year.
rapeseed was scarce and South American export¬
able supplies were low last fall. Taiwan imported
U.S. exports to Canada in FY 1993 increased
a record 2.4 million tons, and shipments to
8 percent to $5.2 billion, the largest percent¬
Southeast Asia were almost 900,000 tons.
age gain of any major destination. Canada was
the leading market for U.S. HVP exports for the
Cotton exports dropped to 1.1 million tons, the
third consecutive year, rising 6 percent to $4.9
smallest shipments since 1986. Large global
billion. Vegetable exports, including fresh and
stocks and reduced import demand because of
highly processed, increased 12 percent to $1.2
declining textile industries in the EC, Japan,
billion. There were smaller gains in animal
Taiwan, and Korea slowed U.S. exports. But U.S.
2
products, but beef exports declined 5 percent to growth in 1993. Poultry and dairy exports each
$346 million as Canada purchased more beef from expanded nearly 30 percent to $220 million and
Australia and New Zealand. $245 million, respectively. Fruit exports expanded
28 percent to $100 million on increased deciduous
Although U.S. exports of $3.7 billion to Mexico fruit shipments, and vegetable exports rose 19
were down slightly compared with the previous percent to over $180 million from gains in fresh
year, HVP exports gained 4 percent to almost $2.4 vegetables. Vegetable oil exports, primarily
billion. Tariffs on beef imports, imposed in soybean and sunflowerseed, rose nearly 100 per¬
November 1992, reduced U.S. beef exports almost cent to $138 million. (Joel Greene, Commodity
40 percent to $137 million, constraining HVP and Trade Analysis Branch, 202-219-0822)
3
Table 1--Agricultural, nonagricultural, and total trade balance of exports and imports
Item October- -September September
1991/92 1992/93 1992 1993
Million dollars
Agricultural exports 42,430 42,590 3,377 3,220
Nonagricultural exports 383,517 390,770 31,520 32,700
Total exports 425,947 433,360 34,897 35,920
Agricultural imports 24,323 24,454 1,933 1,939
Nonagricultural imports 488,556 537,584 44,232 48,534
Total imports 512,879 562,038 46,165 50,473
Agricultural trade balance 18,107 18,136 1,444 1,281
Nonagricultural trade balance -105,039 -146,814 -12,712 -15,834
Total trade balance -86,932 -128,678 -11,268 -14,553
Table 2--U.S. agricultural exports: Quantity (1,000 tons) of selected commodities,
October-September 1991/92 and 1992/93, and September 1992 and 1993
October-September September
Commodity group 1991/92 1992/93 Change 1992 1993 Change
-1.000 tons- Percent -1.000 tons Percent
Animal products 3,491 3,738 7 354 306 -14
Meats and meat products 1,107 1,160 5 102 99 -3
Poultry meats 794 986 24 76 93 22
Dairy products 174 211 21 23 22 -4
Fats, oils, and greases 1,392 1,362 -2 152 90 -41
Other animal products - 24 19 -21 1 2 100
Grains and feeds 100,881 103,743 3 8,444 8,240 -2
Wheat 34,322 36,078 5 2,465 2,846 15
Wheat flour 813 1,075 32 45 71 58
Rice 2,279 2,710 19 226 263 16
Feed grains 50,288 50,112 0 4,628 3,954 -15
Feeds and fodders 11,267 11,500 2 920 890 -3
Fruit and preparations 2,890 2,838 -2 223 227 2
Nuts and preparations 615 560 -9 51 34 -33
Vegetables and preparations 2,703 2,790 3 167 198 19
Oilseeds and products 28,671 29,190 2 2,117 1,370 -35
Oilcake and meal 7,082 6,539 -8 553 392 -29
Soybeans 19,277 20,400 6 1,363 818 -40
Sunflowerseeds 105 84 -20 7 6 -14
Vegetable oils 1,651 1,601 -3 154 115 -25
Tobacco, unmanufactured 246 231 -6 12 10 -17
Cotton, excl. linters 1,494 1,125 -25 58 54 -7
Cotton linters 33 38 15 3 4 -33
Essential oils 13 13 0 1 1 0
Seeds 612 533 -13 75 24 -68
Sugar--cane or beet 4 92 337 -31 60 41 -32
Other y 34 35 3 4 3 -25
Total 142,175 145,171 2 11,569 10,512 -9
1/ Includes miscellaneous animal products but excludes live animals, hides, and eggs,
2/ Includes miscellaneous vegetable products and beverage bases but excludes fruit juices, nursery stock, and related sugar
products.
4
Table 3--U.S. agricultural exports: Value by months, October 1990-September 1993
Month FY 1991 FY 1992 1/ FY 1993
Million dollars
October 3,081 3,396 4,166
November 3,498 4,028 3,885
December 3,165 3,902 3,787
October-December 9,744 11,326 11,838
January 3,226 3,668 3,675
February 3,491 3,859 3,818
March 3,636 3,739 3,870
January-March 10,353 11,266 11,363
Apr i l 3,146 3,706 3,631
May 3,092 3,156 3,366
June 2,653 3,234 3,147
April-June 8,891 10,096 10,144
July 2,929 3,263 3,080
August 2,841 3,090 2,946
September 2,852 3,377 3,220
July-September 8,622 9,730 9,246
Total 2/ 37,609 42,430 42,590
Monthly average 3,134 3,536 3,549
y Revised.
2/ Totals may not add due to rounding.
Table 4--Leading markets for U.S. agricultural exports,
October-September 1990/91-1992/93
Destination 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93
Mil. dols. Rank Mil. dols. Rank Mil. dols. Rank
Japan 7,736 1 8,383 1 8,461 1
Canada 1/ 4,409 2 4,812 2 5,220 2
Mexico 2,885 3 3,676 3 3,660 3
Korea, Rep. of 2,159 4 2,200 5 2,041 4
T aiwan 1,739 6 1,916 6 1,999 5
Netherlands 2/ 1,561 7 1,812 7 1,801 6
Former Soviet Union 1,758 5 2,704 4 1,561 7
Germany 3/ 1,135 8 1,091 8 1,146 8
United Kingdom 883 9 882 10 916 9
Hong Kong 745 11 817 11 880 10
Spain, incl. Canary Is. 855 10 951 9 829 11
Egypt 692 12 709 12 756 12
France 571 15 618 15 613 13
Italy 675 13 684 14 568 14
Philippines 373 19 443 19 512 15
Venezuela 307 20 394 20 502 16
Belgium-Luxembourg 2/ 464 18 461 18 482 17
Saudi Arabia 536 16 549 16 463 18
Algeria 477 17 478 17 458 19
Rep. of South Africa 737 57 328 24 383 20
Israel, incl. Gaza & W. Bank 287 21 346 22 382 21
Turkey 224 28 344 23 369 22
Indonesia 279 23 353 21 327 23
China 668 14 690 13 322 24
Australia 239 27 303 26 315 25
1/ Adjusted for transshipments.
2/ Not adjusted for transshipments.
3/ Includes German Dem. Rep.
5
Imports Increase Slightly to New Record percent over FY 1992. Onions, also due to
Mexican shipments, increased 14 percent in
quantity but declined 4 percent in value. Garlic
FY 1993 agricultural imports increased slightly to
shipments increased 55 percent to 29,000 metric
$24.5 billion, 1 percent above FY 1992. Declines
tons. Mexico accounted for 70 percent of fresh
in noncompetitive imports were partially offset by
and frozen vegetable shipments by value, followed
increases in competitive imports. Competitive im¬
by Canada with 14 percent. Few vegetable cate¬
ports rose $380 million to $18.9 billion and non¬
gories declined. Carrot shipments from Canada
competitive imports fell $250 million to $5.5 bil¬
fell 18 percent causing overall carrot imports to
lion. Competitive imports were 77 percent of total
fall to 55,000 tons.
imports.
Fresh and frozen fruit imports increased 4 percent
Competitive Imports Up Just 2 Percent
to 1.6 million tons with slightly declining prices.
Peaches, berries, and apples declined. Grapes,
Competitive imports rose slightly from the previous
mangos, and pears increased. Fruit imports were
year, reaching $18.9 billion. Some categories,
valued at $893 million. Chile and Mexico each
such as tobacco and wine, showed declines after
ship about a third of U.S. fruit imports by value.
spikes in FY 1992. Cattle continued rising, along
Chilean shipments, predominantly fresh grapes, in¬
with some vegetables and fruits.
creased 1 percent to 456,000 tons. Mexican im¬
ports increased 6 percent to 538,000 tons.
Tobacco imports, a record in FY 1992, fell to $1.1
billion following changes in U.S. tariffs for some
Fruit juices and other beverage imports declined
types of leaf. Quantity rose slightly to 385,000
15 and 12 percent in value, respectively. Orange
tons because of increased imports of lower-priced
juice imports fell 40 percent to $9 million while
stems for use in cigarette manufacturing.
its quantity remained steady. Apple juice in¬
creased, in volume, by 14 percent on rising prices.
Cattle imports surged, with shipments from
Grape juice increased by 113 percent to 45,000
Mexico accounting for most of the change.
tons, although value only increased by half.
Mexico and Canada each shipped 1.3 million cattle
and calves to the United States, an increase of 50
Grain and feed imports fell 9 percent in quantity
percent for Mexico over FY 1992. The value of
to 4.9 million tons on rising prices. Value in¬
cattle imports was up 24 percent to $1.4 billion.
creased 5 percent to $1.6 billion. Shipments of
Canada and Mexico account for virtually all live
biscuits and wafers, and pasta and noodles in¬
cattle imports.
creased. Wheat tonnage increased 12 percent.
Oat and feed shipments decreased. Canada
Wine imports fell 9 percent from FY 1992, drop¬
accounts for about half of shipments, up 3 percent
ping to 2.3 million hectoliters valued at $960
to 3.8 million tons.
million. Shipments reached record highs in FY
1992, responding to anticipated tariff increases
Oilseeds and products increased 7 percent to $1.2
for EC wine scheduled for FY 1993. Successful
billion. Oilseeds and oilnut quantity fell 13 per¬
negotiations resolved a dispute with the EC over
cent while oils and waxes rose 17 percent.
oilseed policy and the wine tariff was never im¬
Soybean and sunflower imports declined. Overall
posed. Malt beverages, mostly beer, increased
oil and wax imports fell to 1.5 million tons.
8 percent in quantity and were valued at $915
Rapeseed, coconut, cottonseed, palm, and olive oil
million. EC imports make up half the volume.
imports rose, while peanut and palm kernel oil
Mexico and Canada account for another 44 per¬
declined.
cent. Shipments from the EC and Mexico in¬
creased, while those from Canada fell.
Noncompetitive Imports Fall 4 Percent
Fresh and frozen vegetable imports increased 17
Noncompetitive imports fell by $250 million to
percent. Peppers reached a record 159,000 tons
$5.5 billion. Coffee, cocoa, and bananas fell by
with a value of $178 million, compared with $140
16, 8, and 4 percent, respectively. Coffee, cocoa,
million in FY 1992. Potato volume rose 92 per¬
and banana prices also fell. Tea, rubber, crude
cent for a value of $107 million. Tomato ship¬
drugs, and essential oils gained in value. Prices
ments from Mexico, which account for almost all
for essential oils and crude drugs rose.
tomato imports, reached 365,000 metric tons, 80
6