for your apple ii

130 Pages·2015·38.71 MB·English

TASC. The Applesof f Compiler.
It turns your Apple into
a power tool.
Step up to speed. TASC, the Applesoft Compiler, supports several programs in a
converts a standard Applesoft BASIC program single runtime environment.
into super-fast machine code. By TASC's True Integer Arithmetic
increasing program execution speed and Integer FOR...NEXT
up to 20 times, Microsoft gives capabilities maximize the execu­
you a power tool for Applesoft tion speed of compiled programs.
BASIC programming. TASC's near total compatibility
Highest capacity available. with Applesoft speeds compil­
TASC will compile and run ation of existing programs
larger programs than any other with little or no modification.
Applesoft Compiler. As a What about mistakes? You
disk-based system, it doesn't perfect your programs inter­
require the simultaneous pres­ actively with Applesoft. If some­
ence of compiler and program thing does slip by, TASC recovers
in memory. The memory you save from errors discovered in compilation
allows you to compile significantly and traps all runtime errors. It even permits
bigger programs. graceful interruptions during compilation.
Power without bulk. Code expansion of up to 100% See for yourself. Ask for a demonstration of
severely restricts other compilers. TASC's special TASC at your Microsoft dealer. Discover the software
code compression schemes typically limit code package that turns your Apple into a power tool.
expansion to only 25%. You'll really appreciate that
with complex programs or programs that utilize /HICROSOfT
Apple's hi-res graphic pages.
More BASIC power. TASC's powerful new
commands increase Applesoft BASIC programming
V CONSUMER^ PRODUCTS"
capability. Chain with COMMON allows compiled
programs to share variables, so a main menu A Division of Microsoft Inc.
10700 Northup Way • Bellevue. WA 98004
‘Applesoft is a trademark ot Apple Computer. Inc.
JUDGE THE REST, THEN BUY THE BEST
Only GIMIX offers you SOFTWARE SWITCHING between MICROWARE’s OS-9 and TSC’s
FLEX. Plus you get the power of the GMXBUG system monitor with its advanced debugging
utility, and memory manipulation routines. A wide variety of languages and other software is
available for these two predominant 6809 Disk Operating Systems.
You can order a system to meet your needs, or select from the 6809 Systems featured below.
JUDGE THE FEATURES AND QUALITY OF GIMIX 6809 SYSTEMS
GIMIX' CLASSY CHASSIS™ is a heavyweight aluminum maintrame cabinet with hack panel cutouts to conveniently connect your terminals, printers, drives, monitors,
etc. A 3 position keyswitch lets you lock out the reset switch. The power supply leatures a lerro-resonant constant voltage transformer that supplies 8V at 30 amps, + 15V at
5 amps, and - 15V at 5 amps to insure against problems caused by adverse power input conditions. It supplies power lor all the boards in a fully loaded system plus two
5 '/<" drives (yes! even a Winchester) that can be installed in the cabinet. The Mother board has fifteen 50 pin and eight 30 pin slots to give you the most room lor expansion
of any SS50 system available. 11 standard baud rates from 75 to 38.4K are provided and the I/O section has its own extended addressing to permit the maximum memory
address space to be used. The 2 Mhz 6809 CPU card has both a time of day clock with battery back-up and a 6840 programmable timer, it also contains 1K RAM, 4
PROM/ROM/RAM sockets, and provides for an optional 9511A or 9512 Arithmetic Processor. The RAM boards use high speed, low power STATIC memory that is fully com­
patible with any DMA technique. STATIC RAM requires no refresh timing, no wait states or clock stretching, and allows fast, reliable operation. The system includes a 2 port
RS232 serial interface and cables. All GIMIX boards use gold plated bus connectors and are fully socketed. GIMIX designs, manufactures, and tests in-house its complete
line of products. All boards are twice tested, and burned in electrically to insure reliability and freedom from infant mortality of component parts. All systems are assembled
and then retested as a system after being configured to your specific order.
56KB 2MHZ 6809 SYSTEMS WITH GMXBUX/FLEX/OS-9 SOFTWARE SELECTABLE
With #58 single density disk controller...........................................................................................................................................................$2988.59
With #68 DMA double density disk controller................................................................................................................$3248.49
to substitute Non-volatile CMOS RAM with battery back-up, add...........................................................................................................................................................................300.00
for 50 Hz export power supply models, add........................................................................................................................................................................... 30 00
Either controller can be used with any combination of 5" and/or 8" drives, up lo 4 drives total, have data recovery
circuits (data separators), and ire designed to fully meet the timing requirements of the controller I.C.s.
5 Vi” DRIVES INSTALLED IN THE ABOVE with all necessary cables
SINGLE DENSITY 00U8LE DENSITY
Formatted Unlormalted Formatted Unformatted
40 track (48TPI) single sided 199.680 250.000 341.424 500.000 2 for S700.00 Chart shows total
40 track (48TPI) double sided 399.360 500.000 718.848 1.000.000 2 for 900.00 capacity in Bytes lor
80 track (96TPI) single 404,480 500.000 728.064 1.000.000 2 lor 900.00 2 drives.
80 track (96TPI) double 808.960 1,000.000 1.456.128 2.000.000 2 for 1300.00
Contact GIMIX lor price and availability of 8" floppy disk drives and cabinets; and 5" and 8" Winchester hard disk system.
128KB 2Mhz 6809 DMA Systems for use with TSC’s UNIFLEX or MICROWARES’s OS-9 Level 2
(Software and drives not included).................................................................................................................................................$3798.39
to substitute 128KB CMOS RAM with battery back-up, add..........................................................................................................................................600.00
for each additional 64KB NMOS STATIC RAM board, add...........................................................................................................................................639.67
for each additional 64KB CMOS STATIC RAM board, add...........................................................................................................................................988.64
for 50 Hz export power supply, add..........................................................................................................................................................................................30 00
NOTE: UNIFLEX can not be used with 5" minifloppy drives.
GIMIX has a wide variety ot RAM, ROM. Serial and Parallel I/O, Video, Graphics, and other SS50 bus cards that
can be added now or in the future. Phone or write tor more complete information and brochure.
THE SUN NEVER SETS ON GIMIX USERS
GIMIX Systems are found on every continent, except Antarctica. (Any users there? It so, please contact GIMIX so we can
change this.) A representative group ot GIMIX users includes: Government Research and Scientific Organizations in
Australia. Canada, U.K., and in the U.S.; NASA, Oak Ridge, White Plains, Fermilab, Argonne, Scripps, Sloan Kettering,
Los Alamos National Labs, AURA. Universities: Carleton. Waterloo, Royal Military College, in Canada: Trier in Germany; and
in the U.S.; Stanford. SUNY. Harvard, UCSD, Mississippi, Georgia Tech. Industrial users in Hong Kong, Malaysia. South
Africa, Germany, Sweden, and in the U.S.; GTE, Becton Dickinson, American Hoechst, Monsanto, Allied, Honeywell, Perkin
Elmer, Johnson Controls, Associated Press, Aydin. Newkirk Electric, Revere Sugar, HI-G/AMS Controls, Chevron. Computer
mainframe and peripheral manufacturers, IBM, OKI, Computer Peripherals Inc., Qume. Floating Point Systems. Software
tiouses; Microware, T.S.C., Lucidata, Norpak, Talbot, Stylo Systems, AAA, HHH, Frank Hogg Labs, Epstein Associates,
Softwest, Dynasoft, Research Resources U.K., Microworks, Analog Systems, Computerized Business Systems.
GIMIX Systems are chosen by the Pros
because of quality, reliability and features.
TO ORDER BY MAIL
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER OR USE YOUR VISA OR MASTER CHARGE PHase aiOn 3 wteks la persona checks 10 ceat Gimix
U S oraers add S5 handling « Oder s under S200 00 Foreign orders add S10 handing it order is under S200 00
Ftregn cnWs (Mr $2CO CO wil tie sheped ™ Emery Air Freight COLLECT, and we wH marge no handing All crders musl w orepaw in U S
lunds PBase rwe mat ioragn cJKks nave Men Eking atxxit 8 weeks tor cdlectwi so we wcuO advise wnng noney. or checks drawn on a
rank wxunt m tr# u S. Our dank s the Continental lanos Natwal Bank ol Chicago, araouni 173-32033 Visa o Master Charge also acceded
The Company that delivers
GIMIX INC reserves the ngnt to change onong and product specifications ai any time without turther nett*
Quality Electronic products since 1975.
are registered uwemarks d GIMIX Inc
FLEX AND Unite are trademarks o( Technical Systems 1337 WEST 37th PLACE, CHICAGO, IL 60609
Consultants Inc OS-9 is a tiademao: Mtcnware Inc. See then ads for [phone] • TWX 910-221-4055
other GIMIX compatible s<«ware
No. 44 - January 1982 MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal
f l D A T A C A P T U R E 4 . ( f l
The most advanced and easiest to use telecommunications program for use '
with the MICROMODEM II® or the Apple COMMUNICATIONS CARD®.
If you use your Apple IP' computer to communicate with other Apples or with timesharing systems, then you need Data Capture 4.0.
If you want to save stock quotes, airline schedules, electronic mail, or other data from a remote computer system for future use,
then you need a smart terminal program for your Apple II®. Data Capture 4.0 is the most user friendly and most flexible program of
this type. It is specifically designed to take advantage of all the features of the Micromodem II®, but it works equally well with the Apple
Communications Card® and several other popular serial
interface cards.
Data Capture 4.0 is the only Apple II® smart terminal
program available which is fully copyable and modifiable. One Of The Following
A} wail Call
This means that you don't have to worry about backup. C) atalog Disk
Go ahead and make all the backup copies you need. 0) elefe Text
E) nler Phone Number
The unprotected format and helpful documentation H) angup Phone
make modifications to Data Capture 4.0 very easy to I) nsert Text
L)is( Text
perform. In addition, full technical support is available by
MlergeFrom File
phone from Southeastern Software. P| nnl Tex!
Q) uil Program
Data Capture 4.0 has many other features. Incoming
S) end Texf
data files are automatically captured regardless of length. T) oggle
Data in the memory buffer can be viewed, edited, printed, A) Iternate Drive {1/2)
B) aud Rale (110/300)
saved to or loaded from disk, or transmitted to the remote Oapfure (ON/OFF)
system at any time. An unattended mode of operation is D)uplex (FULL/HALF)
L)ocal Carrier (ON/OFF)
provided so that you can call your Apple from another S) pecial Characters (ON/OFF)
location and send data to it or load data from it. Data T) ransmit
W) rite To File
Capture 4.0 is fully compatible with the Apple III® in Which ’ ( Press lo Abort )
Capture ON Transmit ON emulation mode. It is also compatible with all popular
Sp. Char [«!■'! Duplex CQOj lower case adapters for the Apple II®, including the widely
Carrier |V,’|
used shift key modification. An automatic logon utility for
Data Capture 4.0 use with the SOURCE is provided with Data Capture 4.0.
Also included is a HELP text file containing the latest tips
and suggestions on using Data Capture 4.0 effectively
(many of these are the result of feedback from customers).
Te-minal = See your local Apple dealer today for a demonstration
@C 123 45 of Data Capture 4.0 or order direct from Southeastern
XYZ-Network Connected Software at the address below.
Please Sign-on
*ID ABC123 (Please include $2.50 for postage and handling.)
If you presently own a previous version of Data Capture
Welcome to the XYZ-Network
Time on 12:35:41 you may upgrade to the new version for the difference in
price plus $2.50 for postage and handling. MASTER CARD
or VISA orders may be placed by phone.
DATA CAPTURE 4.0 ...........................................................$65.00
Requires DISK It®, Applesoft II® and 48K of Memory DATA CAPTURE 4.0/80* ...............................................$90.00
DATA CAPTURE 4.0© 1980-Southeastem Software
'Specify either Videx, Smarterm, Double Vision or
‘Apple™. Apple II Plus**, Disk ll"< and APPLESOFT If* are trademarks ol Apple Sup 'R1 Terminal version
Computer Company.
SOURCE - Source Telecomputing Corporation. — Dealer Inquiries Invited —
•Micromodem'* is a trademark of D.C. Hayes Associates, Inc.
Southeastern Software
6414 Derbyshire Drive • New Orleans./Louisiana 70126
[phone] or [phone]
MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journa No. 44 - January 1982
NO. 44 JANUARY 1982
THE 6502/6809 JOURNAL
STAFF TUTORIAL I OVERVIEW
Editor/Publisher Q Atari 800 Player/Missile Graphics.................................Mike Dougherty
ROBERT M. TRIPP ^ New applications and utility programs
Associate Publisher -j Q Experimenters and the Color Computer..........................Ralph Tenny
MARY GRACE SMITH
' ° A look at the TRS-80C's capabilities
Associate Editors
MARY ANN CURTIS OC Sweet-16 Revisited Charles F. Taylor, Jr.
FORD CAVALLARI Programming hints and a description of the instruction set
Special Projects Editor
MARJORIE MORSE I/O ENHANCEMENTS
Production Coordinator
Epson MX80 Interface for SYM-1.................................Richard h. Turpin
PAULA M. KRAMER
A description of the hardware and software needed for a parallel interface
Typesetting
EMMALYN H. BENTLEY C 7 List Scroller..........................................................................................Colin Macauley
Advertising Manager 1 Scroll forward or backward without keyed LIST commands
CATHI BLAND
CQ Some Help for KIM, Part 3 .................................................Wayne d. Smith
Circulation Manager
Hardware and software for an improved single-step function
CAROL A. STARK
Dealer Orders
PASCAL
LINDA HENSDILL
MICRO Specialists o c Pascal Tutorial, Part 3 victorr. Fricke
Programming Pascal vs. BASIC
APPLE: FORD CAVALLARI
PET: LOREN WRIGHT
OSI: PAULGEFFEN q c RELOC .................................Robert D. Walker
Easily edit BASIC text files
Comptroller
DONNA M. TRIPP 1 DO Apple Pascal Textfile Lister..................................Robert d. walker
Bookkeeper I UVJ Produce neatly paged output with titles and numbered pages
KAY COLLINS______________
-m o Elementary Pascal Internals ArnieLee
Advertising
' Introduction to internal structure of P-machine and P-code implementations
Sales Representative
KEVIN B. RUSHALKO
SHORT SUBJECTS
603/547-2970
7C KEYSORT for BASIC 4.0.......................................................Gordon Campbell
* An update to a powerful PET utility
7C A Disk Menu Program DavidC.Oshei
1 v-' An elegant but short disk directory management program
DEPARTMENTS
7C Auto-Run-Wedge for the PET .................................... Werner Kolbe
5 Editorial
' Avoid extra keystrokes
6 Letterbox
78 MICRO Dealers COLUMNS
115 Bibliography
C fl Pet VET .....................................Loren W. Wright
121 Software Catalog
Review of Pascals for PET/CBM
125 Hardware Catalog
127 Advertiser’s Index c c From Here to Atari.............................................................................Jim Cappareii
128 Next Month in MICRO v-,v-' More on using the interrupts
CO The Single Life....................................................................................Brad Rinehart
The single board's place in a world of sophisticated computers
No. 44 - January 1982 MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal 3
A TEAM OF 6 8 0 9 SUPERSTARS:
Smoke Signal’s Chieftain™ Computer,
and Software by Microware®
HERE'S THE TOTAL 6809-BASED SYSTEM FOR THOSE WHO DEMAND
UNSURPASSED POWER, FLEXIBILITY AND RELIABILITY
After years of worldwide use in diverse and challenging appli­ documentation further ensure satisfaction. Microware software
cations, the outstanding performers in 6809 computer opera­ performance is best summed up in this remark by a 25-year
tions are SMOKE SIGNAL and MICROWARE. These leading computer veteran:
companies are recognized as the undisputed choices when
"BASIC09 IS THE FINEST HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE I'VE EVER
there is no room for compromises.
SEEN IN THE INDUSTRY!"
WHY SMOKE SIGNAL AND MICROWARE LEAD
Thousands of engineers and programmers use MICROWARE
THE 6809 FIELD software products as their standard time-saving tool ... to
Smoke Signal began pioneering research and development on execute process-control applications . .. and for other vital
6800/6809-based computer systems back in 1977. Microware functions. COBOL and PASCAL are also available under the
worked three years to perfect OS-9™ and BASIC09.™ OS-9 operating system.
Both companies have evolved outstanding 6809-based
products from early engineering research, and both pay HOW THIS REMARKABLE TEAM Of COMPUTER
almost fanatical attention to detail. For example . . . SUPERSTARS CAN SERVE YOU
SMOKE SIGNAL'S 6809-based Chieftain™ computer series has SMOKE SIGNAL'S Chieftain™ computer provides an array of
proven its superiority in hundreds of demanding tasks. From configurations ranging from 5'/4-inch drives for single-user
gold-plated connectors to highest-quality materials throughout, applications to multi-user, multi-tasking capabilities. Winchester
each Chieftain™ is built to deliver absolute dependability from hard disk drive systems are also available.
day one, and stay that way through years of service. In other words, breathtaking power with as little as 48k
memoiy; Microware's OS-9 Level Two can access up to one full
megabyte that your Chieftain™ can address!
5- • ENDURANCE-CERTIFIED •->; Every Chieftain™ is meticulously One more sampling of the awesome processing potential
W an cxriusiivr Smoke 5|
«£S SmlEiint athlqaut ipiloHsyitcivoenliyr omlmlfclras S> ENDURANCE-CERTIFIED at 2.2 MHz. at your fingertips with the Smoke Signal Chieftain™ computer:
2Jm5 af« vtut*m. apnodn mrneie It*s oItre erx iclel ei1drs jSS That's SMOKE SIGNAL'S endorse­ MICROWARE’S Stylograph screen-oriented word processing
|g .ill specification*. g ment of product perfection. package instantly makes Chieftain™ an easy-to-use document
9WUMMKUHMMMNM@
preparation system with comprehensive editing commands.
MICROWARE's state-of-the-art OS-9 UNIX’-like operating system THERE'S MUCH, MUCH MORE! Call or write SMOKE SIGNAL
and the BASIC09 language have been developed in close for details on Chieftain™ computers and MICROWARE software.
coordination with computer manufacturers to maximize
SMOKE SIGNAL Dealer opportunities are still available . . .
optimum system performance. The finest possible support and
please request information.
•UNIX is a trademark of Bell Telephone Laboratories.
□ Send information about Chieftain computers
SMOKE SIGNAL and Microware software.
MICROWARG □ Provide information about Smoke Signal’s Dealer program.
BROADCASTING P.O. Box 4865
Des Moines. Iowa 50304
Name _
31336 VIA COLINAS
Address_
WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CA 91362
City______ . State- Zip.
TEL (213) 889-9340
Telephone (
/M OM ) MICRO (42:06) for a complete dis­
cussion of these constructs. Using
About the Cover
these structures, program development
time is reduced and code readability is
enhanced.
Editorial_____ Pascal is also a procedure-oriented
language. Analogous to the sections of
BASIC code called by the GOSUB
Well before the days of microcomputers, statement, procedures are used in
a new programming language entered Pascal to separate logically distinct
the growing ranks of software options. functions and to perform repetitive
This language was not altogether revo­ tasks without duplicating code. The ad­
lutionary; it embodied many concepts vantage over BASIC is that procedures
already available in other languages. are defined with a list of formal
And, it did not pretend to be inex­ parameters. Thus the procedure is able
haustible or all-purpose, as did some of to modify only those variables which
its contemporaries, the monoliths the programmer explicitly instructs it
known as FORTRAN V, PL/I, and to modify. This feature, almost a
The photo depicted on the cover is of
Algol-68. This new language was de­ necessity for larger program develop­
the ancient Roman city of Pompeii.
signed to be simple, yet complete, and ment, is not available in most BASICs.
Located at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius,
Pompeii was destroyed, yet preserved, concise rather than verbose. The new
The final major advantage of Pascal
by an eruption of that volcano in 79 entry's name was Pascal.
is its strong but flexible typing of
AD. The Roman architecture in those
days depended heavily on the use of The Pascal language did not gain variables. Each variable used in a Pascal
blocks, grouped together to form immediate popularity. It had no world program must be declared as a type.
buildings and villas. Similarly, the council or multi-national corporation The standard types are Boolean, in­
present-day programming language Pas­ backing its implementation. However, teger, character, and real. Further types
cal takes advantage of block structure it did have a beauty, a structured may be user-defined. All these types
to form logical, well-defined programs. simplicity, which attracted many top may be combined into a structured
Could the Romans have invented educators and analysts in the field of type; i.e. an array or a record. The
Pascal? (For the answer, see PET Vet.] computer science. Thus, Pascal achieved "Pascal Tutorial" article in this issue
quick acceptance within educational (page 85) discusses variable types, as
Cover photo by Ford Cavallari.
and research communities. California’s well as procedures.
University of California at San Diego
Graphic produced with the cooperation The availability and popularity of
(UCSD) was one of the earliest institu­
of Computer Mart of Nashua, NH.
Pascal is sure to increase as time goes
tions to latch onto Pascal. Pascal's small
on. Apple Computer has been suppor­
size and straightforward implementa­
ting UCSD Pascal for two years. Com­
tion ensured its availablity to other
modore has recently announced avail­
communities. But, Pascal's foothold
ability of Pascal on their SuperPET and
remained in the institutional com­
standard PET computers. The popular
munities only.
FLEX and OS-9 operating systems,
The advent of microprocessor tech­
JMCROis published monthly by: built around the 6809, both offer im­
MICRO INK, Inc., Chelmsford, MA 01824 nologies changed the character of com­ plementations of standard Pascal. Even
Second Class postage paid at: puters — from necessarily large to con­ IBM has opted for Pascal over its own
Chelmsford, MA 01824 and additional veniently small. BASIC was picked as PL/I on their personal computer. The
entry pending at Framingham, MA 01701 the high-level language of choice for development of ADA, a large Pascal­
USPS Publication Number: 483470
ISSN: 0271-9002 the micros, partially because of its like language, has also boosted Pascal’s
Send subscriptions, change of address, USPS small size. Notably absent from the attractions. ADA is much larger than
first-generation microcomputers were
Form 3579, requests for back issues and all Pascal, and will be well-suited to large
other fulfillment questions to implementations of the monoliths — computer implementation. The more
MICRO they were not feasible. Among the succinct Pascal will most probably re­
34 Chelmsford Street more advanced, structured languages, main the microcomputer counterpart
P.O. Box 6502
Pascal alone could be completely and
Chelmsford, MA 01824 of ADA.
efficiently implemented on a micro.
or call
617/256-5515 Today, Pascal is available on virtually MICRO’S coverage of languages will
Telex: 955329 TLX SRVC all 6809-based machines and on most continue next month with FORTH.
800-227-1617 of the 6502-based computers as well. More Pascal material will be appearing
in later issues. And, of course, coverage
Subscription Rates Per Year Pascal boasts many features which of the microcomputer workhorses,
U.S. $24.00 set it apart from the primitve BASICs
BASIC and machine language, will
2 yr. / $42.00 found on most machines.. Pascal em­
continue in each issue of MICRO. But
Foreign surface mail $27.00 bodies the four basic control structures
for now, turn to the Pascal feature
Air mail: which eliminate the need for GOTO
Europe $42.00 statements, and hence line numbers. and survey the benefits of structured
Mexico, Central America, programming.
Middle East, North Africa, These structures, known as the se­
Central Africa $48.00 quence (a line or sequence of state­
South America, South Africa, ments), the if-then-else conditional,
Far East, Australasia,
the do-while loop, and the for-next
New Zealand $72.00
loop, form the basis for Pascal. See the
"Precision Programming" article in
Copyright© 1982 by MICRO INK, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
No. 44 - January 1982 MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal 5
/AlCftO
Letterbox
On Games
medium of great potential power has What’s What in “What’s Where”?
been perverted to provide cheap thrills
Dear Editor:
and Hi-Res graphics. Something seems Dear Editor:
to be wrong with our level of maturity.
A few notes on your editorial com­
Maybe you're right. Last week I received my copy of
ments about games.
What's Where in the Apple. It's a great
Bob Crafts book and a valuable source of reference
This is a nation of game players,
Edgartown, MA material, but something is missing!
particularly if the definition is broad­
ened to include all forms of escapism.
There is no explanation for the
This does not seem to me an unreason­
codes used in the VJse-Type\ col­
able amplification. Television watch­
Dear Editor: umn. What is\HB\? What is\P2\?
ing alone must consume enough hours
to awe even Carl Sagan. And watching
television is an activity usually lacking Your editorial regarding games for Ray Badowski
computers is straightforward and to the Stratford, CT
in any social value. Producers of televi­
point. Software vendors, especially,
sion fare have learned to produce a
often seem to be top-heavy with games. Editor's Note: The following guide
mind-deadening, sense-tickling product
will help clarify the Use-Type symbols.
which does little other than murder
In my own opinion, though, total
time.
disregard for games is a bit heavy handed.
Please consider the following:
Nor is television the only enterprise
dedicated to making the days pass. 1. The "tools” for classic games "What's Where” Use-Type Guide
Much of sports, motion pictures and such as Chess and Bridge are
what passes for literature these days is simple devices, yet these games /SE/
equally dedicated to this end. have, for centuries, provided
1st letter — type information
challenge and enjoyment. When
2nd letter — usage/length information
the tool used in a game is a com­
Games too, of course, serve to mute
puter, the possibilities become
the ticking clock. But games at least re­ Type Codes:
mind-boggling.
quire some participation. Games are
S — Subroutine
the almost universal introduction to
P — Parameter
personal computers, and thus have the
H — Hardware
potential for drawing minds into the 2. Modem quality control statistics B — Buffer
realm of computing, where they may is an outgrowth of gaming mathe­
be refreshed and expanded by the whole matics (not the other way Usage/Length Codes:
range of the computer's capability. around). A good game program
There is, it seems to me, a real place for can likewise teach good program­ E — Entry
games. ming technique and computer B — Block
capability, as well as entertain. n — n-Byte Long
Whether that place is being realized L — Label
is, however, an open question. Much of F - Flag
the current crop of games has no more
real value than a drugstore's crop of 3. Recreation, in itself, is socially Some Common Combinations:
paperbacks: lurid covers and dull in­ redeeming. Computers labor PI: 1-Byte Parameter
hour after hour without com­
teriors. The tack taken to protect this Pn: n-Byte Parameter
software denies the purchaser it’s real plaint; but as a human, I enjoy PB: Parameter Block
value; not the running of the program, an hour of Star Trek after work. HI: Hardware Location
but the reading of it. And the under­ HB: Hardware Block
standably sympathetic treatment soft­ FF: Hardware Flag
ware developers have received from SE: Subroutine Entry Point
their special medium denies the cus­ Perhaps you could compromise and SB: Subroutine Block
tomer any voice. put in one game per issue. You would SL: Subroutine Label
still have plenty of room for more
BB: Buffer Block
serious articles.
I seem, finally, to have come to the
conclusion that computer games repre­ Jim Haboustak
sent another failed medium. Again, a South Euclid, OH
(Continued on page 47)
MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal
No. 44 - January 1982
Introdu cing the M line . . .
N ow ! Drive Systems for AIM, KIM and SYM Computers
— from PERCOM.
Assembled and tested systems start at only • DOS included - The MFD disk-operating system works with
Ihe AIM monitor, editor, assembler, Basic and PL/65 programs,
$599.95. including the drive controller cir­
interface is direct, through user I/O and FI, F2 keys. Diskette in­
cuit card, disk-operating system, intercon­ cludes DOS source code and library of 20 utility commands.
necting cable, drive and comprehensive us­ • Reliability assurance - Drives are burned in 48 hours, under
operating conditions, to flag and remove any units with latent
ers manual.
defects.
• The right storage capacity - Available in 1-, 2- and 3-drive • Full documentation - Comprehensive hardware and soft­
ware manuals are included with each system.
systems, with either 40- or 80-track drives.
• Flippy storage - Flippy drives (optional) let you flip a diskette Now! Expand your AIM-65 with Low-cost System-50
and store data and programs on the second recording surface. Modules.
• High Storage Capacity - Formatted, one-side storage capac­ The Percom M65/50 Interface Adapter connects your M-65 bus to
ity is 102 Kbytes (40-track drive). 205 Kbytes (80-track drive). Percom's System-50 (SS-50) molherboard. allowing you to ex­
• Proven Controller - The drive controller design is the same as pand your AIM, KIM or SYM with proven System-50 modules.
the design used in the Percom 680X LFD mini-disk system. This You can add disk storage, memory modules.even a video display
system - introduced in 1977 - has given reliable service in thou­ system. The M65/50 provides buffer-amplification of address, data
sands of applications. Two versions are available: the MFD-Coo and control lines. On-card decode circuitry lets you allocate ad­
for the AIM-65 expansion bus, and the MFD-C50 for the Sys- dress space either to the computer or to the expansion mother­
tem-50 (SS-50) bus. board. Price: only $89.95, including System-50 motherboard.
• Includes an explicit data separator circuit that s reliable
System Requirements: AIM-65, KIM or SYM computer with ex­
even at the highest bit densities.
• Provides for on-card firmware. pansion bus and four Kbytes RAM (min).
• Includes a motor inactivity time-out circuit.
• Capable of handling up to four drives.
• Capable of reading both hard- and soft-sectored diskettes.
Yes . I d like to know more about Percom MFD drive systems.
Rush me free literalure.
PERQOM Send to
PERCOM DATA COMPANY, Inc.. Dept. 65-M
11220 Pagemill Rd. Dallas, TX 75243
PERCOM DATA COMPANY. INC.
nan 10
11220 PAGEMILL RD DALLAS. TX 75243
(214) 340-70B1 address .
Toll-Free Order Number: 1-800-527-1222
PRICES AND SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE phom* number
© 1981 PERCOM DATA COMPANY, Inc.
PERCOM. MFD C50. MFD-C65 and M65 50 are trademarks ol Percom Data Company. Inc MAIL TODAY!
AIM 65 is a trademark of Rockwell International. Inc
KIM is a trademark of MOS Technology Corporation
SYM is a trademark of Synertek. Inc
MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal 7
No. 44 - January 1982
ARTSCI explains why some
word processing systems
are better than others.
Let’s begin with an easy to understand explanation of what a word
processor is and how AR fSCI has created a professional system.
A word processing system is simply of the paper through this MAGIC
an easier, faster and less expensive way WINDOW as you type.
to type. With a modern word The rule is: What
processor, documents are entered on a you see on the screen
video screen instead of paper. is what you'll get in
You can enter your first rough draft print. However,
without concern about errors or if you print using
spelling. Simply go back and insert proportional spacing,
letters, delete words and even move the result will look even
paragraphs with a few keystrokes. No better than the screen.
document will ever have to be retyped.
WORD PROCESSING This typewriter simulation, together
with simple to use menu selection of
AND THE APPLE II
functions and electronic editing
abilities, creates the finest word
The A PPLE II is the most
processor available on the standard
expandable, inexpensive micro­
APPLE II. Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer Inc.
computer available today. It can
the standard APPLE II computer
perform almost any task, including MAGIC SPELL
system.
word processing.
ARTSCI TAKES THE
The standard APPLE II however, The second feature of an advanced
uses a 40 column video display. This word processor is the ability to find WORK OUT OF
display causes a serious word and correct mistakes. The most WORD PROCESSING
processing problem; How do you common mistakes in most documents
is the misspelled word.
display a full sized 80 column letter?
Most word processing programs ARTSCI's MAGIC SPELL program
available today do not solve this will take any document you can create
problem. and find spelling errors. Over 14.000
commonly misspelled words are known
to MAGIC SPELL. You can also add
new* words to the vocabulary at any
time. For a more thorough explanation of
CUSTOM LETTERS the ARTSCI word processing system
send for our free booklet.
\
The third feature of a professional
* word processing system is the ability
to alter a document by replacing
names and other related data from
mailing lists.
THE MAGIC WINDOW Form letters, invoices, and almost any Mail to:
document can be individualized by
ARTSCI INC.
ARTSCI has developed the MAGIC replacing names, addresses or any
WINDOW word processing system other personal data anywhere in the 10432 Burbank Blvd.
that incorporates the full power of a document using ARTSCI'S BASIC North Hollywood.
professional word processor and solves MAILER. California 91601-9990
the APPLE’S display problem without [phone]
By using the BASIC MAILER you
expensive hardware.
can take any mailing list and sort
The first feature of a professional through the list by different criteria Name
word processing system is the ability to and print personalized letters with a Company__________________________
enter and edit data in a fast and few simple keystrokes.
friendly manner. The MAGIC
A COMPLETE SYSTEM Address_____________________________
WINDOW operates just like a
standard typewriter. The electronic These three programs, THE MAGIC City-------------State----------Zip .
paper moves to the left across the WINDOW. MAGIC SPELL AND
video screen as you type. Almost any THE BASIC MAILER, together form Phone
size document can be represented on the only complete and professional
the video screen. You can see the edges word processing system available on ST PE _ML CC BY CA
MICRO - The 6502/6809 Journal No. 44 - January 1982