For the Director: Research Essays in Honor of James B. Griffin

379 Pages·22.041 MB·English

by  edited by Charles E. Cleland

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS
MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
NO. 61
FOR THE DIRECTOR:
RESEARCH ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JAMES B. GRIFFIN
Edited by
CHARLES E. CLELAND
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
1977
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IBSN 978-1-949098-01-3 (paper)
ISB N978-1-95151 9-10-0 (ebook)
CONTENTS
Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Foreword
Moreau S. Maxwell ix
Introduction
Charles E. Cleland XV
PART I. ADJUNCT DISCIPLINES
Ethnobotany as an Adjunct to Archaeology: Studies in the Aleutian Islands
Ted P. Bank II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Osteological Evidence for the Identification of Pre-Contact Karankawa
Richard G. Wilkinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Microanalysis of Chien Temmoku Glazes
Frederick Bleicher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Revision of the Two Rivers "Valders" Drift Border and the Age of Fluted
Points in Michigan
William R. Farrand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
PART II. AMERICAN STUDIES
Fluted Points from the Parkhill, Ontario Site
William B. Roosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
An Examination of Late Archaic Development in the Falls of the
Ohio River Area
Donald E. Janzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Some Observations on the Goodall Focus
Richard E. Flanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Prehistoric Culture Areas and Culture Change on the Gulf Coastal Plain
William H. Sears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
The Penetration of Northeast Arkansas by Mississippian Culture
Dan Franklin Morse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
iii
iv Contents
The Eighteenth-Century Overhill Cherokee
Alfred K. Guthe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Women on the Lower Columbia River in the Early Nineteenth Century
George I. Quimby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
PART III. FOREIGN STUDIES
The Ceramic Sequence at Kaminaljuyu
Ronald K. Wetherington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
The Edge-Trimmed Tool Tradition of Northwest South America
Wesley R. Hurt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Adaptations of the Early Neolithic Farmers in Central Europe
Sarunas Milisauskas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Stylistic Behavior and Information Exchange
H Martin Wobst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
PART IV.
Published Works of James Bennett Griffin
Compiled by Richard I. Ford and Volney H. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
ILLUSTRATIONS
Part I
The Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea region of western Alaska . . . . . . • . . . . . 4
Diagrammatic prof'.tle of an excavation at Eider Point, Unalaska Island ...... . 6
Prehistoric village (Waterfall Site) and adjacent plant habitats at Nazan Bay, Atka
Island ..........•............•.................. 9
Diagrammatic section of a typical small village site based on an actual site on Adak . 10
Diagrammatic profile of prehistoric mound at Amaknak Island (Dutch Harbor) .. . 11
Old village mound, Amaknak-D site ........................... . 12
Diagrammatic profile of a small village site located in Amugul Bay, Unalaska Island . 13
Diagram showing distribution of plants on a study strip across the former village,
Nazan Bay, Atka Island ................................ . 14
Prehistoric Aleut village at the western end of Attu Island as seen from the air in
September 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 17
Soil-ash and midden prof'.tles at Lash Bay, Tanaga Island . 19
North Pacific Bering Sea Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Texas Gulf Coast sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Occipital views of three skulls from the Shell Point site . . • . . . . 45
Representative Chien Temoku potsherds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Micrograph of calcium iron oxide crystals of the surface of Chien potsherd fragment 59
Optical micrograph of the glaze/body interface of a typical Chien sherd . . . . • . • 60
Micrograph of Chien sherd, immersion etched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Micrograph of Chien sherd showing points at which x-ray fluorescence spectra were
obtained ......................................... . 62
An SEM absorbed electron image of a polished Chien glazed sample • . . . . . . . . 64
Set of microprobe photographs of a different area in the image of a polished Chien
glaze sample • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Micrograph of an area of a polished Chien glaze sample . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 66
Four stages in the deglaciation of the southern peninsula of Michigan ...... . 75
Distribution of fluted points in southern Michigan relative to late-glacial ice front
positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . ...•.........•..... 80
Part II
Fluted Knives . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
Subtype II, and Groups A, F, G, Subtype III 99
Style Groups B-K Grid B . • . . . . . . . .. 102
Major artifacts from three Mini Clusters 104
Miscellanous Artifacts Grids C, D, E, and elsewhere 108
v
vi fllustrations
Map of the area to be investigated by the Falls of the Ohio River Archaeological
Project . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . .•..... 124
Physiographic Provinces in the Falls of the Ohio River area •.. 125
Archaic sites excavated by the Falls Project from 1969-1974 •. 130
Radiocarbon dates from the Falls of the Ohio River area ..... 132
Period F-G .. . 154
Period E-F ........................ . 163
Periods C, D, E ...................... . 169
Chart of relative temporal relationships of complexes . 179
Mississippian culture, two spheres of household and pan-tribal artifacts and features 187
Map of northeast Arkansas and southeast Missouri (Zebree site) ....... . 196
Barnes complex (Zebree site) . . . . . . • . • . . ...... . 199
Big Lake phase (Zebree site) ......... . 202
Postmold Pattern of Circular Structure, Chota 216
Postmold Pattern of Chota Townhouses 218
White Spots Mark the Postmold Pattern of Log Cabin 219
Overhill Plain Rim Sherd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Overhill Complicated Stamped Sherds 221
Qualla Check Stamped Rim Sherd . . , . . . . 222
Burial 5, Chota, with Brass Points at Shoulder 224
Projectile Points from Chota 225
Stone and Pottery Pipes . . . . . . . . 225
Part III
Sample sizes and proportions, Kaminaljuyu ceramic analysis .. . ....... 247
Frequencies of wares and selected types within ceramic phases ...... 250-251
Frequencies of selected vessel forms within ceramic phases ...... 250-251
General characteristics of the ceramic sequence at Kaminaljuyu . . ..... 252-253
Models of Core Artifacts, Miscellaneous and Chopper .. . ....... 270
Flake Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Stone Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Distribution of Linear Culture Sites in Europe 296
Distribution of Linear Cluture Sites in Poland 297
Distribution of Linear Culture Sites in Central Germany ..... . 299
Linear Culture Sites along the Szreniawa River near Szczepanowice, Miechow dis-
trict, Southern Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 301
The Evidence for Trade Networks at the Miiddersheim and Olszanica Sites 310
Distribution of Mesolithic Sites in Southeastern Poland 313
The target groups of stylistic messages .................... . 325
TABLES
Part I
Results of Pollen Analysis of Tanaga (Aleutians) Soil Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Spectrographic and SEM X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Chien Sherd Glaze Sample 63
Part II
Radiocarbon dates from the Falls of the Ohio River area 131
Proposed phases for western Michigan Woodland 148
Part III
Cultural chronology of Kaminaljuyu . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 249
Stratigraphic Units and Climate of the El Abra Rockshelters ... . 273
Radiocarbon Dates from the El A bra Rockshelters and Bore Holes 275
Distribution of man-made flakes and flaked stone artifacts at El Ab ra . 276
Distribution of Artifacts from El Abra Rockshelters 279
Sites on loess and various types of czernozem, sites not on loess 300
Domesticated and wild plants found at Langweiler, Germany .. 305
Frequency of animals based on the minimum number of individuals at Linear
culture sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 306
Message content in stylistic behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 324
Message distributions in Albanian folkdress exclusive of headdress 336
Romanian folkdress-message contents and stylistic forms ..... 336
vii

FOREWORD
Moreau S. Maxwell
Michigan State University
Most intellectual disciplines have sudden periods of notable acceleration
in their histories. Through some decades, ideas seem to simmer on back
burners, or, to mix a metaphor, lie becalmed in the doldrums. Then, with a
strange coalescence of thought and interstimulation of ideas, a critical
intellectual mass is reached. Wind fills all the sails and the ship sails smartly
on. In the seventh decade of this century the sails again are filling, but as
yet the forward surge cannot be compared with that of the third decade.
The 1930s saw the virtual beginning of systematic North American
archaeology. There had been isolated instances of careful investigation
before, but the process by which archaeology was pulling itself up by the
bootstraps was regionally uneven. By the thirties, there was a clear need for
innovation in methods of collecting and synthesizing data. Suddenly North
American archaeology became exciting as increasing information and a
unique group of savants capable of organizing it coalesced. The Society for
American Archaeology, founded to foster this interstimulation, embraced
distinguished professors and interested amateurs. Even so, students of this
then esoteric field barely filled one room at an annual meeting. In such an
atmosphere teacher-student barriers easily disappeared in heated discussion.
Although partisans of other regions may disagree, I, like many others,
would see the center of this intellectual foment in the Midwest. Admittedly
it was a peculiarly bounded Midwest, including the Gulf States and Nebras
ka, New York and Arkansas, but focused at Chicago.
Illinois had been "Rediscovered." Its pre-contact cultural history was
elucidated by excavation techniques insisting on precise spatial recording of
recovered data. Vertical profiling of sites made stratigraphy observable and
shifted emphasis from collecting relics to establishing their place in the
passage of time. It was a beginning for processural archaeology. This
"Chicago Method" may have occasionally been overdone. Few who saw the
method in operation will forget halves of effigy bottles clinging to a
ix