Foods, nutrients and food ingredients with authorised EU health claims VOL 3

278 Pages·5.741 MB·English

by  Sadler, Michele J(Editor)

Title
Foods, Nutrients
and Food Ingredients
with Authorised EU
Health Claims
Related Titles
Foods, Nutrients and Food Ingredients with Authorised EU Health Claims, Volume 1
(978-0-85709-842-9)
Foods, Nutrients and Food Ingredients with Authorised EU Health Claims, Volume 2
(978-1-78242-382-9)
Global Legislation for Food Contact Materials
(978-1-78242-014-9)
Advances in Food and Beverage Labeling: Information and Regulations
(978-1-78242-085-9)
Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science,
Technology and Nutrition
Foods, Nutrients
and Food Ingredients
with Authorised EU
Health Claims
Volume 3
Edited by
Michele J. Sadler
Copyright
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ISBN: 978-0-08-100922-2 (print)
ISBN: 978-0-08-101006-8 (online)
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Dedication
Volume 3 of Foods, Nutrients and Food Ingredients
With Authorised EU Health Claims is dedicated to Dr Janice
Harland RNutr FAfN (1954–2017). Following a successful
career in the food industry, Janice set up her own company
(Harland Hall Associates, United Kingdom) and worked
as a nutrition consultant, lecturer and author. Janice was
an enthusiastic contributor to all of the three Volumes of
this series, having contributed chapters on barley and oat
β-glucans and on children’s claims in Volume 1, on oat
and barley grain fibre and on wheat bran fibre in Volume
2 and on sugar beet fibre is this current Volume. This
reflects Janice’s specialism in nutrition and health claim
legislation, the breadth of her knowledge and experience
in the area and her broader aim of wanting to disseminate
evidence-based nutrition and health science to a wider
audience. Colleagues have reflected that Janice will be
missed for her professionalism, scientific acumen, wealth
of nutrition knowledge, support and advice which she was
always willing to give, and for the contribution she had
still to make to nutrition science.
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Contents
List of contributors xiii
Preface xv
Part One Regulatory Background 1
1 European health claims: regulatory developments 3
Michele J. Sadler
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Health claim applications 3
1.3 REFIT evaluation of Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation 9
1.4 Communications to health professionals 10
1.5 Guidance 10
1.6 EFSA developments 12
1.7 Changing political landscape 12
1.8 Conclusions 15
1.9 Sources of further information and advice 16
References 16
2 Consumers and health claims 19
Sophie Hieke, Klaus G. Grunert
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Regulation of health claims in Europe and food innovation 20
2.3 Health claims: what is currently on the market? 21
2.4 How health claims affect consumers 23
2.5 A realistic perspective on the effect of health claims
on consumers 28
References 28
Part Two Authorised Reduction of Disease Risk Claims 33
3 Authorised EU health claims for calcium and calcium with vitamin D
(for low bone mineral density and risk of fractures) 35
Philippa S. Gibson, Michele J. Sadler, Susan A. Lanham-New
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Evidence for effect of calcium alone on reduction of
post-menopausal bone loss and reduced fracture risk 36
3.3 Effect of vitamin D alone on fall prevention: prevention of
bone loss, fracture reduction, and muscle function and strength 38
viii Contents
3.4 Calcium and vitamin D combined on osteoporosis prevention 40
3.5 Current EU health claims for calcium, and calcium and
vitamin D combined 41
3.6 Areas for future research 44
References 44
4 Authorised EU health claim for Vitamin D and
reduced risk of falls 49
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Michele J. Sadler
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Epidemiology of falls and cost of falls 49
4.3 Mechanistic evidence on how vitamin D is related to
muscle health 50
4.4 Clinical evidence on how vitamin D is related to muscle health 50
4.5 Vitamin D and Type II fast twitch muscle fibres and relevance
for fall risk 51
4.6 Vitamin D and fall prevention 53
4.7 Fall reduction by type of vitamin D, by gender,
and by dwelling 54
4.8 Fall reduction with 800 IU vitamin D by baseline
25-hydroxyvitamin D status 54
4.9 Fall prevention and higher bolus doses of vitamin D 55
4.10 Current guidelines on vitamin D and fall prevention 56
4.11 Authorised EU health claim 57
4.12 Conclusions 57
4.13 Sources of further information 60
References 60
5 Authorised EU health claim for supplementary folic acid 65
Michele J. Sadler
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 What are neural tube defects? 66
5.3 Characterisation of folic acid 67
5.4 Formulating the health claim 68
5.5 Substantiating the health claim 68
5.6 Authorisation of the claim 74
5.7 Additional data 76
5.8 Other relevant legislation 77
5.9 How the claim is being used in practice 77
5.10 Consumer issues 77
5.11 Future trends: mandatory fortification with folic acid? 80
5.12 EU DRVs for folate intake 82
5.13 Conclusions 82
5.14 Sources of further information and advice 83
References 83
Contents ix
6 Authorised EU health claim for MUFA and PUFA in
replacement of saturated fats 87
Katherine M. Livingstone
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 Characterisation of the substance 87
6.3 Authorised EU health claim: UFA and LDL-cholesterol 88
6.4 Other relevant legislation 94
6.5 Consumer issues 95
6.6 Potential impact of the claim on product development 96
6.7 Future trends 97
6.8 Conclusions 97
6.9 Sources of further information and advice 98
References 98
Part Three Health Claims Based on Emerging Science
and Proprietary Claims 101
7 Authorised EU health claim for reformulated, non-alcoholic,
acidic drinks 103
Michele J. Sadler
7.1 Introduction 103
7.2 Health claim application 104
7.3 Characterisation 104
7.4 Target group 104
7.5 Evidence substantiating the claim 105
7.6 Authorisation of the claim 107
7.7 Consumer issues 108
7.8 Use of the claim 109
7.9 Related EFSA opinion 109
7.10 Future trends 109
7.11 Conclusions 110
References 110
8 Authorised EU health claim for sugar beet fibre 113
Janice I. Harland†
8.1 Introduction 113
8.2 Characterisation of the ingredient 114
8.3 Authorised Article 13.5 claim 114
8.4 Article 13.1 claim 119
8.5 Other legislation 121
8.6 Conditions of use, warning labels and safety issues 121
8.7 Consumer issues 122
8.8 How the claims are being used in practice and future trends 123
† Deceased