Food Security in Small Island States

312 Pages·2020·6.263 MB·English

by  John Connell, Kristen Lowitt

John Connell · Kristen Lowitt Editors
Food
Security in
Small Island
States
Food Security in Small Island States
John Connell Kristen Lowitt
(cid:129)
Editors
Food Security in Small
Island States
123
Editors
JohnConnell Kristen Lowitt
University of Sydney Brandon University
Sydney,NSW,Australia Brandon,MB, Canada
ISBN978-981-13-8255-0 ISBN978-981-13-8256-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8256-7
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Preface
Food security is one of the great issues of our time with all the available evidence
suggestingthatinmostpartsoftheworld climate change ismakingthechallenges
of producing adequate food more difficult. At the same time, neoliberal policies
related to trade and marketing are not always supportive offood sovereignty, with
theireffects,inmanycontexts,beingtoundermineprotectionsofhealth,equity,and
sustainability.
These changes have particularly affected small island developing states (SIDS)
that have weaker economies, are less easily able to adapt to climate change, and
where patterns of agriculture and fishing are already changing in response. This
bookshowshowtheproblemsoffoodsecurityandfoodsovereigntyareafunction
of distinctive interactions between economic, social, political, technological, and
environmental processes. It shows how in so many SIDS food insecurity is not a
problem of food production, or even one of food distribution, but a function of
livelihood insecurity. Thus, considerable care has gone into thinking about the
structures and circumstances that affect livelihoods, how changes might be best
supported, and how these relate to wider processes of development.
This book emerges from a special issue of Regional Environmental Change in
2015;ithasdevelopedtheissuesthatwereraisedinthatinitialvolume,drawingin
more chapters from other SIDS to broaden accounts of food security and ensure
coverage of different ocean realms. The chapters explore a range of circumstances
fromsmallcoralatollsinMicronesiatolargerCaribbeanstatessuchasTrinidadand
Tobago. Collectively they point to the many different contexts of food security,
different responses to trade, social change, and technological innovations, and the
needfornewpoliciesandpracticestoensuremoresecurelivelihoodsinsupportof
food security and food sovereignty.
v
vi Preface
Wewouldliketothankalltheauthorsthatcontributedtothisvolume,aswellas
the work of Arlette Saint Ville, Gordon M. Hickey, and Patsy Lewis on the 2015
specialissueofRegionalEnvironmentalChangethatwasthegenesisofthisvolume.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their important con-
tributiontotheoriginalmanuscriptsinthiscollection.Wearealsoverygratefulforthesupportand
assistance provided by the Springer editorial team and for the work of Arlette Saint Ville,
GordonM.Hickey,andPatsyLewisonthespecialissueofRegionalEnvironmentalChangethat
was the genesis of this volume. We hope that researchers and policy makers find the work
presentedinthisbookuseful.
Sydney, Australia John Connell
Brandon, Canada Kristen Lowitt
January 2019
Contents
1 FoodSecurityandSovereigntyinSmallIslandDevelopingStates:
Contemporary Crises and Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
John Connell, Kristen Lowitt, Arlette Saint Ville
and Gordon M. Hickey
2 Climate Change and Food Security in the Pacific Islands. . . . . . . . 25
Jon Barnett
3 Development,GlobalChangeandFoodSecurityinPacificIsland
Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
John R. Campbell
4 Lost Roots? Fading Food Security in Micronesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
John Connell
5 Modernisation, Traditional Food Resource Management
and Food Security on Eauripik Atoll, Federated States
of Micronesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Andrew Scourse and Corinne Wilkins
6 Framing Food Security in the Pacific Islands:
Resilience in Malo, Vanuatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Matthew G. Allen
7 Postharvest Loss in Fruit and Vegetable Markets in Samoa. . . . . . 111
Steven J. R. Underhill, Shukrullah Sherzad, Yuchan Zhou,
Seeseei Molimau-Samasoni and Semua Militini Tagoai
8 Can the Tropical Western and Central Pacific Tuna Purse
Seine Fishery Contribute to Pacific Island Population
Food Security? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Graham M. Pilling, Shelton J. Harley, Simon Nicol, Peter Williams
and John Hampton
vii
viii Contents
9 Addressing Food and Nutrition Insecurity in the Caribbean
Through Domestic Smallholder Farming System Innovation . . . . . 157
Arlette Saint Ville, Leroy E. Phillip and Gordon M. Hickey
10 Knowledge, Markets and Finance: Factors Affecting
the Innovation Potential of Smallholder Farmers
in the Caribbean Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Kristen Lowitt, Gordon M. Hickey, Arlette Saint Ville,
Kaywana Raeburn, Theresa Thompson- Colón, Sonia Laszlo
and Leroy E. Phillip
11 Fisheries Governance and Food Security in the Eastern
Caribbean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Patrick McConney, Shelly-Ann Cox and Kemraj Parsram
12 Food Security and Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change
in Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Kalim U. Shah, Hari Bansha Dulal and Mohammed T. Awojobi
13 The Role of Social Capital in Influencing Knowledge Flows
and Innovation in St. Lucia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Arlette Saint Ville, Gordon M. Hickey, Uli Locher
and Leroy E. Phillip
14 Eating Meat or Eating Money? Factors Influencing
Animal-Source Food Consumption in Timor-Leste. . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Johanna T. Wong, Brigitte Bagnol, Heather Grieve,
Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong, Mu Li and Robyn G. Alders
15 Wild Foods and Food Security: The Case of Timor-Leste . . . . . . . 289
William Erskine, Anita Ximenes, Diana Glazebrook,
Marcelino da Costa, Modesto Lopes, Luc Spyckerelle,
Robert Williams and Harry Nesbitt
Contributors
RobynG.Alders SchoolofLifeandEnvironmentalSciencesandCharlesPerkins
Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;
International Rural Poultry Centre, Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Australia;
International Rural Poultry Centre, Kyeema Foundation, Maputo, Mozambique;
Centre for Global Health Security, Chatham House, London, UK
MatthewG.Allen SchoolofGovernment,DevelopmentandInternationalAffairs,
The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
Mohammed T. Awojobi Biden School of Public Policy and Administration,
University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Brigitte Bagnol School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins
Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;
Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa;
International Rural Poultry Centre, Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Australia;
International Rural Poultry Centre, Kyeema Foundation, Maputo, Mozambique
Jon Barnett School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia
John R. Campbell Geography Programme, University of Waikato, Hamilton,
New Zealand
Theresa Thompson-Colón Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University,
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
John Connell School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Shelly-Ann Cox Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies
(CERMES), The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown,
Barbados
ix
x Contributors
Marcelino da Costa Seeds of Life East Timor, Dili, Timor-Leste;
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
Hari Bansha Dulal Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA, USA
William Erskine School of Plant Biology, Centre for Plant Genetics and
Breeding, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA,
Australia
Diana Glazebrook Seeds of Life East Timor, Dili, Timor-Leste
Heather Grieve Dili, Timor-Leste
JohnHampton OceanicFisheriesProgramme,ThePacificCommunity,Nouméa,
New Caledonia
Shelton J. Harley Ministry of Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
Gordon M. Hickey Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University,
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
Joanita Bendita da Costa Jong Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of
Agriculture and Fisheries, Dili, Timor-Leste
Sonia Laszlo Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts, McGill University,
Montreal, QC, Canada
Mu Li School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Uli Locher Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Modesto Lopes Seeds of Life East Timor, Dili, Timor-Leste;
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
KristenLowitt DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironment,BrandonUniversity,
Brandon, MB, Canada
PatrickMcConney CentreforResourceManagementandEnvironmentalStudies
(CERMES), The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown,
Barbados
Seeseei Molimau-Samasoni Plants and Postharvest Technologies Division,
Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
Harry Nesbitt School of Plant Biology, Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding,
University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia;
Seeds of Life East Timor, Dili, Timor-Leste
Simon Nicol Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra,
ACT, Australia
Kemraj Parsram Environmental Planning Agency (EPA), Georgetown, Guyana