food security in relation to production and marketing of wheat in afghanistan

106 Pages·2014·2.86 MB·English

FOOD SECURITY IN RELATION TO
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF WHEAT IN
AFGHANISTAN

MASAOOD
PALB 2110

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BANGALORE-65
2014
FOOD SECURITY IN RELATION TO
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF WHEAT IN
AFGHANISTAN

MASAOOD
PALB 2110

Thesis submitted to the
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BANGALORE
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE (Agriculture)
in
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

BANGALORE JULY, 2014
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
to
My
beloved Parents,
Brothers, Family
& Guide
Guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this pleasant opportunity to thank, first and foremost, the
Almighty Allah (SWT) for giving me the power to believe in myself and pursue my work. Faith
on you is what sustained me so far.
It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude to the Chairman
of my advisory committee, Dr. T.N. Prakash Kammardi, Professor, Department of
Agricultural Economics, UAS-Bangalore who is not only an excellent mentor but also a
beautiful human being. I feel myself wordless to express thanks to him for his noble guidance,
constructive comments and warm encouragement. I will always remain deeply indebted to him
for his affection and generosity bestowed upon me.
I place my sincere thanks to my advisory committee members, Dr. M.G. Chandrakanth,
Professor and University Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. Srikantha
Murthy P.S., Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dr. D.M. Gowda,
Professor, Department of Agricultural Statistics and Dr. H.S. Shivram, Professor,
Department of Agronomy and CPI, NAIP Project for making themselves available for in-
depth discussion and help, as and when needed, throughout the course of present study.
My heartfelt acknowledgement goes to Dr. K.B. Umesh, Professor and Head,
Department of Agricultural Economics and the entire teaching and non-teaching staff of the
Department of Agricultural Economics, UAS, GKVK, for their invaluable inspiration and
assistance.
It is my privilege to express thanks to Professor Mohammad Tayeb, Mohammad
Yousuf Waziri, Dr. Ghulam Nabi Baloch, Professor Mohammad Asif Bawari, Noor Ali
Noor, Rafiullah Rahimzai and Mohammad Rahim Rahimi, Faculty of Agriculture,
Nangarhar University, who taught me agriculture during my graduation. They laid the
foundation stone and made me capable of realizing my potential. I consider myself lucky to
have them as my teachers.
I owe much to my affectionate and loving father, my dear mother and all the elders of
my family whose wishes and encouragement could make this task a success. Special thanks to
my beloved brothers Ajmal Khan, Mohammad Bakhtiar and Nisar Ahmad for their boundless
love and inexhaustible care.
A special note of thanks to my friends Samiullah Hakimi, Ehsanullah Yousufzai,
Asmatullah Duranai, and Hezbullah Alimi for their never –ending affection and support. I
also sincerely thank all my post-graduation classmates, juniors and seniors whose care and co-
operation went a long way in making the stay at garden city a pleasant experience. I was
fortunate to have seniors like Smt. Roopa Sreenivas, Mr. Kiran Patel, Mr. Pramod and Sherko
Sultan Panahi who were always there to motivate me and lend a hand whenever needed.
Last but not least, I am grateful to the Afghanistan Central Statistics Organization’s
Staff, sample farmers and traders for their sincere participation and to the Government of
Afghanistan for the financial assistance rendered to me.

Bangalore
July, 2014 (MASAOOD)
FOOD SECURITY IN RELATION TO PRODUCTION AND
MARKETING OF WHEAT IN AFGHANISTAN
MASAOOD
ABSTRACT
Wheat is the staple food crop of Afghanistan and is facing severe shortage. This
study analyzes growth and instability of wheat production in Afghanistan for the pre
(1991 to 2001) and post democracy (2002 to 2013) periods. While the growth rate in area
(2.7%) was responsible for increase in production during pre-democracy period, growth
in productivity (2.4%) was responsible for increased production in the post-democracy
period. Coefficient of variation in wheat production was (31%) during the post-
democracy period, higher than that in the pre-democracy period (13.4%).
The major item of expenditure in cost of cultivation was on labour (23%)
followed by fertilizer (22%) in the total cost of cultivation of Rs.45492 per ha. The
productivity of wheat per ha was 32.5 quintals/ha for irrigated and 16.4 quintals/ha for
rainfed conditions. Accordingly, the gross and net returns were higher for irrigated
farmers (Rs. 69150 and Rs. 5637) than rainfed farmers (Rs. 38776 and Rs. 2748). The
resource productivity analysis using Cobb-Douglas production function highlighted that
elasticity of production of land (0.79), labour (0.27) and FYM (0.03) showed significant
contribution to crop productivity. Using the intercept dummy variable, it was found that
irrigation and HYV shifted the productivity by 18.59 and 6.15 per cent. Cost of
transportation formed the major component of marketing cost in wheat (Rs.43 per
quintal).
Thus in Afghanistan, the production and marketing performance of wheat can be
improved by evolving wheat varieties resistant to drought conditions, improving
irrigation infrastructure and capacity building of farmers with regard to economic optimal
use of crucial inputs like labour, and irrigation. In addition, offering minimum support
price to wheat, co-operative marketing and establishing regulated markets will widen the
market supply and demand.

Signature of the student Major Advisor
Masaood Dr. T.N. Prakash Kammardi
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
TITLE
No. No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-7
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8-14
III METHODOLOGY 15-24
IV RESULTS 25-50
V DISCUSSION 51-58
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 59-63
VII REFERENCES 64-67
APPENDICES 68-85