Food and Nutrition Security in Argentina

610 Pages·2017·10.4 MB·English

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RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES DE LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL EN LAS AMÉRICAS 1
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Resumen
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i Challenges and Opportunities for Food
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and Nutrition Security in the Americas
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alimentaria y nutricional en las Américas
The Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS), is a regional network of Academies of S
Sciences created to support cooperation to strengthen science and technology as tools for advancing
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research and development, prosperity and equity in the Americas. IANAS is regional member of the The View of the Academies of Sciences
o El punto de vista de las Academias de Ciencias
Inter Academy Partnership (IAP)
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North America
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The Royal Society of Canada: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada u
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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Mexican Academy of Sciences

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Central America and the Caribbean Eduardo Bianchi
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Cuban Academy of Science Catedrático e Investigador
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Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic Escuela Argentina de Negocios - Instituto Universitario,
Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Guatemala d
FLACSO OMS, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales
National Academy of Sciences of Costa Rica o s
Nicaraguan Academy of Sciences o e
Panamanian Association for the Advancement of Science c
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National Academy of Sciences of Honduras n Cristina Cabrera

r e Profesora Titular, GD Nutrición y Calidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Produc-
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South America i
f c ción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía; Profesor Adjunto Fisiología y Nutri-
Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences of Venezuela The Inter-American Network
Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Academies of Sciences s S ción, Facultad de Ciencias, Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay
Brazilian Academy of Sciences Academia Mexicana de Ciencias ie of
National Academy of Sciences of Peru Calle Cipreses s/n t

National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia Km 23.5 Carretera federal i s Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo
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Chilean Academy of Science México-Cuernavaca e Profesora Emérita, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia; Miembro de la Aca-
National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Argentina 14400, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico u mi demia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
National Academy of Sciences, Argentina Phone: [phone] t
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The National Academy of Sciences of Uruguay Fax: [phone] o e
Academy of Sciences of Ecuador d
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Free public access of this book a Katherine Vammen
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Regional Members in English and Spanish at c Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de la Universidad
Latin American Academy of Science www.ianas.org O A Centroamericana (UCA) de Managua, Nicaragua
Caribbean Academy of Sciences
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Caribbean Scientific Union ISBN: 978-607-8379-29-3
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a t Michael T. Clegg

f Coordinador de Proyecto
SPONSORED BY THE s o
e Profesor Emérito, Universidad de California, Irvine
g w IANAS Regional Report
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RESUMEN
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 1
Challenges and Opportunities for Food and
Nutrition Security in the Americas
The View of the Academies of Sciences
Free access to this book and the Summary of this publication at:
www.ianas.org
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
2 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES
The Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS) is a regional network of Academies of Sciences created to
support cooperation to strengthen science and technology as tools for advancing research and development, prosperity and
equity in the Americas. IANAS is regional member of the Inter Academy Partnership (IAP)
IANAS Co-Chairs: Juan Asenjo and Jeremy McNeil
Project Coordinator: Michael Clegg
Editorial Committee: Michael Clegg (Chair, USA), Eduardo Bianchi (Argentina), Jeremy McNeil (Canada), Luis Herrera Estrella
(Mexico), Katherine Vammen (Nicaragua).
Chapter Coordinators: Eduardo Bianchi (Argentina); Einstein Tejada Vélez (Bolivia); Evaldo Vilelo (Brazil); John Klironomos (Canada);
Mark Wuddivira (Caribbean); Elizabeth Hodson (Colombia); Víctor Jiménez (Costa Rica); María Teresa Cornide (Cuba); Carlos Muñoz
Schick (Chile); Helmut Betancourt and José Tallaj (Dominican Republic); Jenny Ruales (Ecuador); Noel Solomons (Guatemala); Carolina
Alduvín (Honduras); Sol Gutiérrez (Mexico); Jorge Huete (Nicaragua); Bruno Zachrisson (Panama); Gustavo González (Peru); Michael
Allen (USA); María Cristina Cabrera (Uruguay); María Soledad Tapia (Venezuela)
Book Coordination and IANAS Executive Director: Adriana de la Cruz Molina
Spanish copy editor and Spanish proofreading: Ma. Areli Montes Suárez (Mexico) and authors of the chapters
Translation and English copy editor: Suzanne Stephens (UK)
English copy editor and English proofreading: Margaret Ellen Reynolds Adler (US)
Special support for the Brazilian chapter: Jeremy McNeil (Canada) and Geraldo Bueno Martha Junior (Brazil)
Editorial Design and support during the printing process for the English and Spanish publications: Víctor Daniel Moreno Alanís
Cover Design: Víctor Daniel Moreno Alanís (Mexico)
Web Design: Víctor Daniel Moreno Alanís (Mexico) and Viridiana González (Mexico)
Administrative Support from Germany: Jana Hinz and Anja Geißler, The Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
Administrative Support from Mexico: Alejandra Muñoz Buenrostro (2017), Verónica Barroso (2016), Luis Arturo Dassaev (2016
Mexico Workshop Organization), IANAS
Printed by The Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS-IAP) Calle Cipreses s/n, Km 23.5 de la Carretera
Federal Mxico-Cuernavaca, 14400 Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, Mexico. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (German:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF) Heinemannstraße 253175 Bonn and the German National Academy of
Sciences-Leopoldina. And the Inter Academy Partnership (IAP).
November 2017 © The Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS); Inter Academy Partnership (IAP);
The Federal Ministry of Education and Research Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); German National Academy
of Sciences-Leopoldina.
ISBN: 978-607-8379-29-3
Printed in México
Free public access of this book in English and Spanish at www.ianas.org
This publication is available at http://www.ianas.org and Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0
IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). For the printed and electronic book the present license applies
exclusively to the text content of the publication. For the use of any material not clearly identified as belonging to IANAS-IAP or the
BMBF-German National Academy of Sciences-Leopoldina prior permission shall be requested from: [email protected]. The
designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of IANAS-IAP or BMBF-German National Academy of Sciences-Leopoldina concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions
expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of IANAS-IAP or BMBF-German National
Academy of Sciences-Leopoldina and do not commit the Organization.
This publication has been printed on ecological paper (FSC Certification): one part of the fibers is from recycled material and the other
from forests exploited in a sustainable manner. Moreover, this paper is chlorine free (ECF Certification) in order to contribute to the
conservation of water resources.
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 3
Challenges and Opportunities for Food and
Nutrition Security in the Americas
The View of the Academies of Sciences
Federal Ministry of Education and Research
The Inter-American Network of Academies of Sciences
Leopoldina National Akademie der Wissenschaften
The InterAcademy Partnership
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
4 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES
Acknowledgments
IANAS is very grateful to the Academies of Sciences of the Americas and to the scientists and experts
listed below who generously gave their valuable knowledge and time for the development of this
publication.
Argentina
Eduardo Dante Bianchi, María Cristina Añón, Eduardo Pagano, Martín Piñeiro, Carolina Szpak, Eduardo
Trigo, Sergio Vaudagn, Fiorella Bianchi
Bolivia
Einstein Tejada Vélez, Marcelo Eduardo Arze García, Mónica Moraes R., Franklin Bustillos Gálvez,
Daniela Raquel Larrazábal Vélez Ocampo, Andrés Trepp del Carpio, Lilibeth Leigue Arnéz, Gonzalo Ávila
Lara, Jorge Blajos Kraljevic, Carlos Arturo Mariscal Padilla, Óscar Jesús Cabrera Coca, Jaime Manuel
Ernesto Gutiérrez Guerra, Zulema Lehm Ardaya
Brazil
Evaldo Ferreira Vilela, Elibio L. Rech Filho, Geraldo Bueno Martha Junior, Eliseu Roberto de Andrade
Alves, Maurício Antōnio Lopes, Élcio Perpétuo Guimarães, Paulo Renato Cabral, Cleber Oliveira Soares,
Grácia Maria Soares Rosinha, Antônio Marcio Buainain, Marilia Regini Nutti, Geraldo Magela Callegaro
Canada
John Klironomos, Satinder Kaur Brar, Evan Fraser, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Negin Kazemian, Ashley
McInnes, Jeremy Nichol McNeil, Mitra Naghdi, Vinayak Pachapur, Mehrdad Taheran,
Frances Henry
Caribbean
Mark N. Wuddivira, Vidya de Gannes, Gerrit Meerdink, Nequesha Dalrymple, Shantelle Henry
Colombia
Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo, Jairo Castaño, Germán Poveda, Gabriel Roldán, Paul Chavarriaga
Costa Rica
Víctor M. Jiménez, Catalina Acuña-Gutiérrez, Marilín Agüero Vargas, Alfredo Alvarado, María L. Ávila-
Agüero, Marialis Blanco, Marcela Dumani, Patricia Esquivel, Andrés Gatica-Arias, Eric Guevara, Andrés
Hernández-Pridybailo, Raquel Hernández Cordero, Andrea Holst, Karol Madriz, Julio F. Mata-Segreda,
Olman José Quirós-Madrigal, Ricardo Radulovich, Álvaro Salas Chaves, Paúl Solórzano Cascante
Cuba
María Teresa Cornide Hernández, Walfredo Arnaldo Torres de la Noval, Ramón de la Concepción Pichs
Madruga, René Pablo Capote López, Amelia Capote Rodríguez, Arnaldo Álvarez Brito, Mario Pablo
Estrada García, Sergio Jorge Pastrana, Olegario Muñiz Ugarte, Julio Abraham Baisre Álvarez, Faustino
Cobarrubia Gómez, María Felicia Díaz Sánchez, Lianne Fernández Granda, Marisol González Pérez,
Abel Hernández Velázquez, Julián Herrera Puebla, Mayuly Martínez Valenzuela, Hilarión Rodobaldo
Ortiz Hernández, Luis Raúl Paz Castro, Eduardo Planos Gutiérrez, Jonathan Quirós Santos, Iván Relova
Delgado, Armando Rodríguez Suárez, Odalys Uffo Reinosa, Antonio Vantour Causse, Daysi Vilamajó
Alberdi, Gisela Alonso Domínguez, Ondina Jacinta León Díaz, María del Carmen Pérez Hernández,
Adolfo Rodríguez Nodals, José Luis Rodríguez García, Daniela de las Mercedes Arellano Acosta, Olimpia
Carrillo Farnés, René Florido Bacallao, Anicia García Álvarez, Alexander Miranda Caballero, Armando
Nova González, Aída Ramírez Fijón, Julio Larramendi
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 5
Chile
Carlos Muñoz Schick, Cristian Mattar, Roberto Neira, Marcos Mora, Jacqueline Espinoza, Óscar Seguel,
Osvaldo Salazar, Rodrigo Fuster, L. Antonio Lizana, Cristian Cofré, Anna Pinheiro, Lorena Rodríguez
Dominican Republic
Helmut Bethancourt , Jorge A. Tallaj A., Lourdes Tapia Benoit, Pedro Pablo Peña , Angel Roberto Sánchez,
Elpidio Avilés Quizada, Rafael Pérez Duvergé, Anabel Kunhardt , Miguel J. Henríquez, Lidio Martínez
Ecuador
Nikolay Aguirre, Charles W. Barnes, María Eugenia Ordóñez, Jenny Ruales
Guatemala
Noel W. Solomons, Edwin Josue Castellanos, Florencio Rolando Cifuentes Velásquez, Silvana Maselli
Conde , Mónica Ninette Orozco Figueroa, Pamela Marie Pennington, Jack Clayton Schuster, Gamaliel
Giovanni Zambrano Ruano
Honduras
Carolina Alduvín, Napoleón Molina, Dinie Espinal, Carlos Almendares Ordóñez, Maritza Midence Moncada
Mexico
Sol Guerrero Ortiz, Agustín López Munguía, Natalhie Campos Reales, Elizabeth Castillo Villanueva, Luis
Herrera Estrella, Sol Ortiz García
Nicaragua
Jorge A. Huete-Pérez, Manuel Ortega Hegg, Mario R. López, Mauricio Córdoba, Salvador Montenegro,
Katherine Vammen, María J. Cortez, Ivania A. Cornejo
Panama
Bruno Zachrisson, Ismael Camargo, Carlos Him, Enrique Murillo, Rodrigo Cambra, Dimas Arcia
Peru
Gustavo F. Gonzales, Ana Colarossi, Nicole Bernex, Verónica Rubín de Celis, Lidia Sofía Caballero-
Gutiérrez, Fernando James Álvarez
United States
Michael F. Allen, Peter L. Morrell, Charles W. Rice, Henry J. Vaux, Clifford N. Dahm, Rebecca R. Hernández
Uruguay
María Cristina Cabrera, Laura Astigarraga, Omar Borsani, Gianfranca Camussi, Pablo Caputi, Miguel
Carriquiry, Pablo Chilibroste, Milka Ferrer, Guillermo Galván, Fernando García Préchac, Lucía Grille,
Carmen Marino Donagelo, Daniel Panario, Ali Saadoun, Pablo Soca, Valentín Picasso, Daniel Vázquez,
Fernanda Zaccari
Venezuela
María S. Tapia, Marelia Puche, Alejandro Pieters, Juan Fernando Marrero, Santiago Clavijo, Alejandro
Antonio Gutiérrez Socorro, Carlos Machado-Allison, Susana Raffalli, Marianella Herrera, Maritza Landaeta
de Jiménez, José Félix Oletta, Juan Comerma, Óscar Silva, Marta Barrios, Aída Ortiz, Eladys Córcega, Enio
Soto, Livia Pinto, Daniel Vargas, Víctor García, Juan Carlos Rey, Juan Carlos Aciego, Naghely Mendoza,
Gerardo Fernández, Francisco Bisbal, Susana Raffalli
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
6 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES
Organizations supporting this publication
at various stages of development
International Organizations
Germany
The Federal Ministry of Education and Research
The Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
Jörg Hacker, President and Volker Ter Muelen, Former President
European Academies' Science Advisory Council (EASAC) Biosciences Program
Robin Fears, Director
The InterAcademy Partnership
Inter Academy Partnership, IAP-Science
Peter McGrath, Coordinator
Member Academies of IANAS
North America
The Royal Society of Canada: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada
Maryse Lassonde, President
The National Academies of Sciences
Marcia McNutt, President
Mexican Academy of Sciences
José Luis Morán López, President
Central America and the Caribbean
Cuban Academy of Science
Ismael Clark Arxer, President
Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic
Luis Sheker, President
Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Guatemala
María del Carmen Samayoa, President
National Academy of Sciences of Costa Rica
Pedro León Azofeifa, President
Nicaraguan Academy of Sciences
Manuel Ortega Hegg, President
Panamanian Association for the Advancement of Science
Martín Candanedo, President
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 7
National Academy of Sciences of Honduras
Mario Lanza Santamaría, President
South America
Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences of Venezuela
Gioconda San-Blas, President
Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences
Enrique Forero, President
Brazilian Academy of Sciences
Luis Davidovich, President
National Academy of Sciences of Peru
Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, President
National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia
Gonzalo Taboada, President
Chilean Academy of Science
María Teresa Ruiz, President
National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences of Argentina
Roberto J.J. Williams, President
National Academy of Sciences, Argentina
Juan Tirao, President
The National Academy of Sciences of Uruguay
Rafael Radi, President
Academy of Sciences of Ecuador
Paola Leone, President
Regional Members
Caribbean Academy of Sciences
Winston Mellowes, President
First Workshop / México 2016
Mexican Academy of Science
Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi, Former President, and Renata Villalba, Executive Coordinator
Planning Meeting / Peru 2017
National Academy of Sciences of Peru
Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, President and Gustavo González, Vice-President
Support / USA 2016-2017
US-National Academy of Sciences
John Hildebrand, Foreign Secretary and John Boright, Executive Director, International Affairs
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
8 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES
Table of contents
Foreword 13
Introduction 16
Executive Summary and Major Findings 19
Michael Clegg
Special Feature 28
The Role of the Western Hemisphere in Feeding a More Populous World
Henry J. Vaux (USA)
Argentina 30
Food and Nutrition Security in Argentina
Eduardo Dante Bianchi, María Cristina Añón, Eduardo Pagano, Martín Piñeiro, Carolina Szpak,
Eduardo Trigo and Sergio Vaudagn
Bolivia 52
Food and Nutrition Security in Bolivia. A Country of Incalculable Wealth
Einstein Tejada Vélez, Marcelo Eduardo Arze García, Mónica Moraes R., Franklin Bustillos
Gálvez, Daniela Raquel Larrazábal Vélez Ocampo, Andrés Trepp del Carpio, Lilibeth Leigue Arnéz,
Gonzalo Ávila Lara, Jorge Blajos Kraljevic, Carlos Arturo Mariscal Padilla, Oscar Jesús Cabrera
Coca, Jaime Manuel Ernesto Gutiérrez Guerra
Brazil 76
Food and Nutrition Security in Brazil
Evaldo Ferreira Vilela, Elibio L. Rech Filho, Geraldo Bueno Martha Junior, Eliseu Roberto de
Andrade Alves, Maurício Antōnio Lopes, Élcio Perpétuo Guimarães, Paulo Renato Cabral, Cleber
Oliveira Soares, Grácia Maria Soares Rosinha, Antônio Marcio Buainain, Marilia Regini Nutti,
Geraldo Magela Callegaro
Special Feature 110
Factors Relating to Gender and Food Security / Insecurity
Frances Henry (Canada), Eduardo Bianchi (Argentina), Fiorella Bianchi (Argentina), Mónica
Moraes R.( Bolivia), Zulema Lehm A. (Bolivia), Susana Raffalli (Venezuela), María Tapia
(Venezuela)
Canada 120
Food and Nutrition Security in Canada
John Klironomos, Satinder Kaur Brar, Evan Fraser, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Negin Kazemian,
Ashley McInnes, Jeremy Nichol McNeil, Mitra Naghdi, Vinayak Pachapur, Mehrdad Taheran,
Frances Henry
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS: THE VIEW OF THE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES 9
Caribbean 154
Challenges of Food and Nutrition Security in the Caribbean
Mark N. Wuddivira, Vidya de Gannes , Gerrit Meerdink, Nequesha Dalrymple, Shantelle Henry
Box 1 188
Biotechnology Applications: Potential Roles and the Way Forward In
Caribbean Food Security
Vidya de Gannes and Mark N. Wuddivira (Trinidad and Tobago)
Chile 190
Sustainable Agriculture and Healthy Food in Chile
Carlos Muñoz Schick, Cristian Mattar, Roberto Neira, Marcos Mora, Jacqueline Espinoza, Óscar
Seguel, Osvaldo Salazar, Rodrigo Fuster, L. Antonio Lizana, Cristian Cofré, Anna Pinheiro, Lorena
Rodríguez
Colombia 212
Food and Nutrition Security in Colombia
Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo, Jairo Castaño, Germán Poveda, Gabriel Roldán, Paul Chavarriaga
Box 2 242
The Water Footprint in the Agricultural Sector
Carolina María Rodríguez Ortiz and Claudia Patricia Campuzano Ochoa
Costa Rica 244
Challenges for Food and Nutrition Security in the Americas. Costa Rica and its
Commitment to Sustainability
Víctor M, Jiménez, Catalina Acuña-Gutiérrez, Marilín Agüero Vargas, Alfredo Alvarado, María
L. Ávila-Agüero, Marialis Blanco, Marcela Dumani, Patricia Esquivel, Andrés Gatica-Arias, Eric
Guevara, Andrés Hernández-Pridybailo, Raquel Hernández Cordero, Andrea Holst, Karol Madriz,
Julio F. Mata-Segreda, Olman José Quirós-Madrigal, Ricardo Radulovich, Álvaro Salas Chaves,
Paul Solórzano Cascante
Cuba 264
Food and Nutrition Security: A Cuban Perspective
María Teresa Cornide Hernández, Walfredo Arnaldo Torres de la Noval, Ramón de la Concepción
Pichs Madruga, René Pablo Capote López, Amelia Capote Rodríguez
Dominican Republic 286
Food and Nutrition Security in the Dominican Republic.
A Vision for the Next 50 Years
Helmut Bethancourt, Jorge A. Tallaj, A., Lourdes Tapia Benoit, Pedro Pablo Peña, Ángel Roberto
Sánchez, Elpidio Avilés Quizada, Rafael Pérez Duvergé, Anabel Kunhardt, Miguel J. Henríquez,
Lidio Martínez
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY