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Food and Chemical Toxicology An international journal published in association with BIBRA Editors-in-Chief: S D Gangolli R A Neal Volume 31 1993 List of Contents PERGAMON PRESS OXFORD «NEW YORKe SEQUL« TOKYO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY An international journal published in association with BIBRA Founding Editor The late Leon Golberg Editors -in-Chief SHARAT D. GANGOLLI Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, PO Box 138, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE] 9HN, UK JOSEPH F. BORZELLECA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA Managing Editor Editorial Assistant Tuan H6 STELLA HILL BIBRA Toxicology International BIBRA Toxicology International Woodmansterne Road Woodmansterne Road Carshalton, Surrey Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4DS, UK SMS 4DS, UK International Editorial Board M. W. ANDERS, USA M. A. GALLO, USA J. Popp, USA M. ANDERSEN, USA P. Grasso, UK R. PREUSSMANN, Germany L. S. ANDREws, USA H. C. Grice, Canada I. F. H. PURCHASE, UK P. H. BacH, UK G. C. Harp, USA D. Ray, UK H. BARTSCH, France A. W. Hayes, USA F. J.C. Roe, UK A. R. Boosis, UK H. A. Heck, USA I. ROWLAND, UK J. CALDWELL, UK D. HENSCHLER, Germany R. SCHEUPLEIN, USA C. C. CAPEN, USA I. KIMBER, UK R. C. SHANK, USA W. W. CaRLTON, USA J. H. KOEMAN, The Netherlands T. SUGIMURA, Japan J. E. CHAMBERS, USA J. C. LHUGUENOT, France J. A. SWENBERG, USA S. M. CoHEN, USA M. I. LusTerR, USA S. L. TAYLor, USA T. F. X. CoLtins, USA R. M. McCrain, USA J. A. THomas, USA J. W. DANIEL, UK H. I. MAIBACH, USA J.C. TopHAM, UK D. J. DOOLITTLE, USA K. MorGan, USA H. Vainio, Finland D. J. ECOBICHON, Canada A. Munson, USA J. H. WEISBURGER, USA V. J. FERON, The Netherlands B. J. PHILLIPS, UK Publishing Office Pergamon Press Ltd, Pergamon House, Bampfylde Street, Exeter EX1 2AH, UK [Tel. Exeter (0392) 51558; Fax (0392) 425370] Production Editor: Nigel Stoneman Subscription and Advertising Offices North America: Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA Rest of the World: Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, UK [Tel. Oxford (0865) 794141; Fax (0865) 60285] Subscription Rates Annual Institutional Subscription Rates 1994: North, Central and South America, US$860, Rest of the World, £557. Associated Personal Subscription Rates are available on request for those whose institutions are library subscribers. Sterling prices exclude VAT. Non-VAT registered customers in the European Community will be charged the appropriate VAT in addition to the price listed. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice. Back Issues Back issues of all previously published volumes, in both hard copy and in microform are available direct from Pergamon Press offices. Published monthly. Copyright © 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd Second class postage paid at RAHWAY, NJ. Postmaster send address corrections to Food and Chemical Toxicology, c/o Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA. List of Contents Volume 31 Number 1 Research Section J. Hellwig, K. Deckardt and Subchronic and chronic studies of the effects of oral administration of K. O. Freisberg acrylic acid to rats P. N. Drewitt, K. R. Butterworth, 19 Plasma levels of aluminium after tea ingestion in healthy volunteers C. D. Springall and S. R. Moorhouse A. Nishikawa, F. Furukawa, 25 Effects of hickory smoke condensate on gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats T. Imazawa, K. Toyoda, M. Mitsui, after treatment with N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and sodium T. Hasegawa and M. Takahashi chloride I. F. Delgado, R. R. Carvalho, 31 Study on embryo-foetotoxicity of B-myrcene in the rat A. C. M. de Almeida Nogueira, A. P. Mattos, L. H. Figueiredo, S. H. P. Oliveira, I. Chahoud and F. J. R. Paumgartten A. Rodriguez-Martin, X. Remesar 37 Rates of utilization of intravenous oleylanilide administered chronically to and M. Alemany the rat T. N. Nagaraja and T. Desiraju 41 Effects of chronic consumption of metanil yellow by developing and adult rats on brain regional levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, on acetylcholine esterase activity and on operant conditioning D. Jonker, M. A. Jones, 45 Acute (24 hr) toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxicants in rats P. J. van Bladeren, compared with the toxicity of the individual compounds R. A. Woutersen, H. P. Til and V. J. Feron P. Mende, C.-D. Wacker, 53 Nitrosation of the antimicrobial drug hexetidine: nitrosamines derived from R. Preussmann and a triamine decomposition product B. Spiegelhalder M.-A. Pélissier, N. Darmon, 59 Effects of protein deficiency on lipid peroxidation in the small intestine and J.-F. Desjeux and R. Albrecht liver of rats D. A. Basketter, E. Selbie, 63 Results of OECD recommended positive control sensitizers in the E. W. Scholes, D. Lees, - maximization, Buehler and local lymph node assays I. Kimber and P. A. Botham M. K. Prinsen and Justification of the enucleated eye test with eyes of slaughterhouse animals H. B. W. M. Koéter as an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test with rabbits Announcements Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section CAES—The Computer Automated Evaluation System on the Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Compounds Volume 31 Number 2 Workshop on Updating Eye Irritation Test Methods R. N. Hill et al. 79 Introduction S. Green et al. 81 Criteria for in vitro alternatives for the eye irritation test P. M. Hurley et al. 87 Screening procedures for eye irritation iii iv FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY V. M. Seabaugh et al. 95 Use of ophthalmic topical anaesthetics L. A. Lambert et all. 99 The use of low-volume dosing in the eye irritation test J. A. Springer et al. 105 Number of animals for sequential testing W. A. Chambers et al. 111 Scoring for eye irritation tests K. C. Gupta et al. 117. An eye irritation test protocol and an evaluation and classification system R. Scala 123 Conference summary Research Section D. Jonker, R. A. Woutersen, 125 Subacute (4-wk) oral toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxins in rats: P. J. van Bladeren, H. P. Til comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds and V. J. Feron J. A. Beamand, R. J. Price, 137 Culture of precision-cut liver slices: effect of some peroxisome proliferators M. E. Cunninghame and B. G. Lake Review Section REVIEWS OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS 149 Information Section 151 The Leon Golberg Memorial Lecture 155 The nation’s health 156 Animal feedingstuffs 156 Drinking water quality 157 Abstracts from the literature Announcements 159 Forthcoming Papers 160 Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 3 Research Section T. F. X. Collins, T. N. Black, 161 Teratogenic potential of FD & C Red No. 3 when given in drinking water M. W. O’Donnell, Jr, M. E. Shackelford and P. Bulhack J. E. Bueld and K. J. Netter 169 Factors affecting the distribution of ingested propionic acid in the rat forestomach R. I. Krieger and T. Thongsinthusak Metabolism and excretion of dimethoate following ingestion of overtolerance peas and a bolus dose M. Gajdova, J. Jakubovsky Delayed effects of neonatal exposure to Tween 80 on female reproductive and J. Valky organs in rats J. Wang, D. W. Fitzpatrick Effect of dietary T-2 toxin on biogenic monoamines in discrete areas of the and J. R. Wilson rat brain G. R. Lankas and D. L. Wise 199 Developmental toxicity of orally administered thiabendazole in Sprague— Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits M. M. Al-Harbi 209 Effect of captopril on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by | adriamycin S. Yasni, K. Imaizumi, Effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and curcuminoids on the level of M. Nakamura, J. Aimoto serum and liver lipids, serum apolipoprotein A-I and lipogenic enzymes in and M. Sugano rats FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY Vv M. Magada, J. M. Mayer and 219 Development of an ocular irritation test in the mouse: image analysis of J.-C. Etter corneal lesions Information Section 225 What does carcinogenicity mean and how should we test for it? 229 Pesticide poisoning of animals 229 Animal Procedures Committee report 230 Abstracts from the literature Announcements 233 Forthcoming Papers 234 Software Survey Section I Volume 31 Number 4 Research Section P. N. Drewitt, K. R. Butterworth, 235 Toxicity threshold of quinine hydrochloride following low-level repeated C. D. Springall, D. G. Walters dosing in healthy volunteers and E. M. Raglan D. W. Garber, Y. Henkin, 247 Thyroid function and other clinical chemistry parameters in subjects eating L. C. Osterlund, T. W. Woolley iodine-enriched eggs and J. P. Segrest P. P. Sapienza, G. J. Ikeda, 253 Tissue distribution and excretion of ‘C-labelled cinnamic aldehyde P. I. Warr, S. L. Plummer, following single and multiple oral administration in male Fischer 344 rats R. E. Dailey and C. S. Lin W. M. N. Ratnayake, R. Hollywood, Lipid content and composition of coffee brews prepared by different E. O’Grady and B. Stavric methods B. L. Pool-Zobel, C. Guigas, Assessment of genotoxic effects by lindane R. Klein, Ch. Neudecker, H. W. Renner and P. Schmezer S.-W. Wang, C.-Y. Chu, J.-D. Hsu Haemotoxic effect of phenylurea herbicides in rats: role of haemoglobin- and C.-J. Wang adduct formation in splenic toxicity N. Chinnasamy, N. Harishankar, Toxicological studies on debitterized neem oil (Azadirachta indica) P. Uday Kumar and C. Rukmini Review Section F. C. Stermer, R. Reistad and 303 Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice—evaluation of health hazard J. Alexander REVIEWS OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS Information Section 315 Committees on Toxicity, Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Veterinary Products Committee Sulphur dioxide, acid aerosols and particulates Abstracts from the literature Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY Volume 31 Number 5 Research Section S. E. Shephard, K. Wakabayashi 323 Mutagenic activity of peptides and the artificial sweetener aspartame after and M. Nagao nitrosation H. N. Nigg, H. E. Nordby, 331 Phototoxic coumarins in limes R. C. Beier, A. Dillman, C. Macias and R. C. Hansen M. Fenech and S. Neville 337 Effect of cooked meat on micronucleus frequency J. C. Mirsalis, C. M. Hamilton, 343 Effects of soya bean flakes and liquorice root extract on enzyme induction J. E. Schindler, C. E. Green and toxicity in B6C3F, mice and J. E. Dabbs S. Yannai and K. M. Sachs 351 Absorption and accumulation of cadmium, lead and mercury from foods by rats A. Bilkei-Gorzo 357 Neurotoxic effect of enteral aluminium M. E. Hernandez, J. L. Reyes, 363 Inhibition of the renal uptake of p-aminohippurate and tetraethyl- C. Gémez-Lojero, M. S. Sayavedra ammonium by the antioxidant ethoxyquin in the rat and E. Meléndez R. Manorama, N. Chinnasamy 369 Multigeneration studies on red palm oil, and on hydrogenated vegetable oil and C. Rukmini containing mahua oil B. G. Lake, J. A. Beamand, 377 Induction of cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activities in cultured rat A. C. Japenga, A. Renwick, liver slices S. Davies and R. J. Price Information Section 387 Latex allergenic difficulties 389 Pesticide residues in 1991 Pesticide residues in 1988-1990 Urban air quality Abstracts from the literature Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 6 Research Section P. Maier, I. Wenk-Siefert, 395 Cell-cycle and ploidy analysis in bone marrow and liver cells of rats after H. P. Schawalder, H. Zehnder long-term consumption of irradiated wheat and J. Schlatter W. C. A. Gelderblom, M. E. Cawood, Structure—activity relationships of fumonisins in short-term carcinogenesis S. D. Snyman, R. Vleggaar and cytotoxicity assays and W. F. O. Marasas E. G. Snyderwine, K. Nouso 415 Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene induction on the distribution and DNA and H. A. J. Schut adduction of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in F344 rats M. Lutz, G. Ahumada and G. Ruiz Plasma lipids and liver histochemistry of rats fed sea-lion or corn oil with or without cholesterol supplementation K. V. Chandrika Seethala Bala, Inhibition of methyl mercury chloride-induced chromosomal damage by K. Sridevi and K. Prabhakar Rao y-linolenic acid FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY vii D. Geetanjali, P. Rita and 435 Effect of ascorbic acid in the detoxification of the insecticide dimethoate in P. P. Reddy the bone marrow erythrocytes of mice K. Polasa, S. Babu and 439 Dose-dependent genotoxic effect of pan masala and areca nut in the I. S. Shenolikar Salmonella typhimurium assay D. Agrawal and P. Sultana 443 Biochemical and structural alterations in rat erythrocytes due to hexachloro- cyclohexane exposure Brief Communication J. J. Powell, S. M. Greenfield, 449 Gastro-intestinal availability of aluminium from tea H. G. Parkes, J. K. Nicholson and R. P. H. Thompson Information Section 455 The toxicological hazards of patulin 456 Is dietary excess the main cancer risk? 457 Nutrition in elderly people 458 Infant diets 458 Abstracts from the literature Announcements 461 Forthcoming Papers | 462 Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 7 Research Section M. P. Dieter, T. J. Goehl, 463 Comparison of the toxicity of citral in F344 rats and B6C3F, mice when C. W. Jameson, M. R. Elwell, administered by microencapsulation in feed or by corn-oil gavage P. K. Hildebrandt and J. H. Yuan J. H. T. M. Ploemen, B. van Ommen, 475 In vitro and in vivo reversible and irreversible inhibition of rat glutathione A. de Haan, J. G. Schefferlie S-transferase isoenzymes by caffeic acid and its 2-S-glutathionyl conjugate and P. J. van Bladeren A. J. Alldrick, T. A. H6, 483 Influence of dietary fat on DNA binding by 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl- I. R. Rowland, D. H. Phillips and imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) in the mouse liver M. Ni She H. S. Marks, J. A. Anderson and 491 Effect of S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide and its metabolite methyl methane G. S. Stoewsand thiosulphinate, both occurring naturally in Brassica vegetables, on mouse genotoxicity M. V. Djordjevic, K. D. Brunnemann 497 The need for regulation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in oral snuff and D. Hoffmann N. Dwivedi, M. Das, A. Joshi, 503 Modulation by ascorbic acid of the cutaneous and hepatic biochemical G. B. Singh and S. K. Khanna effects induced by topically applied benzanthrone in mice T. R. Narasimhan, 509 Nutritional evaluation of silage made from the toxic weed Parthenium B. S. Keshava Murthy and hysterophorus in animals P. V. Subba Rao A. Singh and A. R. Rao 517 Modulatory effect of areca nut on the action of mace (Myristica fragrans, Houtt) on the hepatic detoxification system in mice Review Section R. C. Scott, N. G. Carmichael, 523 Methods for measuring dermal penetration of pesticides K. R. Huckle, D. Needham and T. Savage Vili FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY Announcements Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 8 Research Section M. Kaneda, N. Hatakenaka, 533 A two-generation reproduction study in rats with methyl bromide- S. Teramoto and K. Maita fumigated diets B. Quartley, G. Esselmont, A. Taylor 543 Effect of oral aluminium citrate on short-term tissue distribution of and M. Dobrota aluminium A. M. Kore and M. A. Wallig 549 Histological and serum biochemical effects of 1-isothiocyanato-3-(methyl- sulphinyl)-propane in the F344 rat C. Papaparaskeva-Petrides, 561 Contribution of phenolic and quinonoid structures in the mutagenicity of C. Ioannides and R. Walker the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus R. C. Wester, L. Sedik, J. Melendres, 569 Percutaneous absorption of diazinon in humans F. Logan, H. I. Maibach and I. Russell T. Yabe, H. Hashimoto, M. Sekijima, 573 Effects of nivalenol on hepatic drug-metabolizing activity in rats M. Degawa, Y. Hashimoto, F. Tashiro and Y. Ueno R. Manorama, N. Chinnasamy 583 Effect of red palm oil on some hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats and C. Rukmini I. Naseem, M. S. Ahmed, R. Bhat and 589 Cu(II)-dependent degradation of DNA by riboflavin S. M. Hadi L. Brimer and H. Rosling Microdiffusion method with solid state detection of cyanogenic glycosides from cassava in human urine Information Section Folic acid and neural tube defects Abstracts from the literature Announcements Corrigenda Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section DEREK (Deductive Estimation of Risk from Existing Knowledge) Volume 31 Number 9 Research Section N. J. Loftus, W. J. D. Laird, Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of deuterium-labelled di-2-(ethylhexyl) G. T. Steel, M. F. Wilks and adipate (DEHA) in humans B. H. Woollen S. M. Winter and I. G. Sipes The disposition of acrylic acid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat following oral or topical administration FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY ix I. F. Delgado, 623 Peri- and postnatal developmental toxicity of B-myrcene in the rat A. C. M. de Almeida Nogueira, C. A. M. Souza, A. M. N. Costa, L. H. Figueiredo, A. P. Mattos, I. Chahoud and F. J. R. Paumgartten F. C. L. Schmitt, D. Estevao, 629 Altered foci of hepatocytes in rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine after S. Kobayasi, P. Curi and prolonged fasting J. L. V. de Camargo C. J. M. Rompelberg, H. Verhagen 637 Effects of the naturally occurring alkenylbenzenes eugenol and trans- and P. J. van Bladeren anethole on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat liver T. Hattori and H. Maehashi 647 Propylene glycol-induced skeletal muscle excitation T. Hirosue and Y. Hosogai 651 Changes of hepatic lipid and fatty acid profiles in rats administered iron-deficient diet and ethanol Review Section K. Skog 655 Cooking procedures and food mutagens: a literature review REVIEWS OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS 677 Information Section 679 Aluminium and Alzheimer’s disease—an update 683 Four years of food surveillance 684 Abstracts from the literature Forthcoming Papers 687 Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 10 Research Section E. M. Garland, R. Shapiro, 689 Effects of dietary iron and folate supplementation on the physiological J. M. Wehner, L. S. Johnson, changes produced in weanling rats by sodium saccharin exposure B. J. Mattson, M. Khachab, M. Asamoto and S. M. Cohen C. A. M. Suzuki and S. L. Hierlihy 701 Renal clearance of domoic acid in the rat E. H. Weyand, J. Defauw, Bioassay of quinoline, 5-fluoroquinoline, carbazole, 9-methylcarbazole and C. A. McQueen, C. L. Meschter, 9-ethylcarbazole in newborn mice S. K. Meegalla and E. J. LaVoie L. M. Tikkanen, T. M. Sauri and Screening of heat-processed Finnish foods for the mutagens 2-amino-3,8- K. J. Latva-Kala dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]- quinoxaline and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[}p4y,r5id-ibne A. M. Kore, E. H. Jeffery and Effects of 1-isothiocyanato-3-(methylsulfinyl)-propane on xenobiotic metab- M. A. Wallig olizing enzymes in rats M. A. J. S. van Boekel, 731 Antimutagenic effects of casein and its digestion products C. N. J. M. Weerens, A. Holstra, C. E. Scheidtweiler and G. M. Alink S. A. Marathe, H. R. Adhikari, 739 In vitro toxicity evaluation of a product obtained from carmoisine using M. S. Netrawali and P. M. Nair Tetrahymena pyriformis cells J. Pangrekar, K. Krishnaswamy and 745 Effects of riboflavin deficiency and riboflavin administration on carcinogen— V. Jagadeesan DNA binding M. J. Prival, M. D. Peiperl and Determination of combined benzidine in FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), S. J. Bell using a highly sensitive analytical method FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY xX R. Kashima, J. Okada, Y. Ikeda 759 Challenge assay in vitro using lymphocyte blastogenesis for the contact and N. Yoshizuka hypersensitivity assay Review Section S. Panigrahi 767 Bioassay of mycotoxins using terrestrial and aquatic, animal and plant species Announcements Corrigendum Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section Volume 31 Number 11 Research Section K. M. Lehr, G. C. Welsh, C. D. Bell 793 The ‘vapour-phase’ migration of styrene from general purpose polystyrene and T. D. Lickly and high impact polystyrene into cooking oil D. L. Arnold, F. Bryce, R. Stapley, 799 Toxicological consequences of Aroclor 1254 ingestion by female rhesus P. F. McGuire, D. Burns, (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Part 1A. Prebreeding phase: clinical health J. R. Tanner and K. Karpinski findings D. L. Arnold, F. Bryce, K. Karpinski, 811 Toxicological consequences of Aroclor 1254 ingestion by female rhesus J. Mes, S. Fernie, H. Tryphonas, (Macaca mulatta) monkeys. Part 1B. Prebreeding phase: clinical and J. Truelove, P. F. McGuire, analytical laboratory findings D. Burns, J. R. Tanner, R. Stapley, Z. Z. Zawidzka and D. Basford O. Meyer, E. Kristiansen, J. Gry, 825 Carcinogenicity study of the emulsifier TOSOM and the release agent TOS C. Madsen, P. Olsen and I. Thorup in Wistar rats M. S. S. Arbid, M. S. Madhyastha, 835 Effect of neomycin on the hydrolysis and toxicity of vicine and convicine R. R. Marquardt and in rats A. A. Frohlich A. Kovatsis, J. Flaskos, E. Nikolaidis, 841 Toxicity study of the main alkaloids of Datura ferox in broilers V. P. Kotsaki-Kovatsi, N. Papaioannou and F. Tsafaris M. T. Colomina, J. M. Llobet, 847 Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of gallium nitrate in mice J. J. Sirvent, J. L. Domingo and J. Corbella Brief Communication S. E. Atawodi, E. N. Maduagwu, 853 Preformed volatile nitrosamines in some Nigerian foodstuffs R. Preussmann and B. Spiegelhalder Review Section P. Bentley, I. Calder, C. Elcombe, 857 Hepatic peroxisome proliferation in rodents and its significance for humans P. Grasso, D. Stringer and H.-J. Wiegand Information Section The Leon Golberg Memorial Lecture: Recent advances in toxicology relevant to carcinogenesis: seven cameos Mycotoxins in the diet Abstracts from the literature Announcements Forthcoming Papers Software Survey Section ALLDAT/IVDK