fm 5-430-00-1

493 Pages·1996·11.62 MB·English

FM 5-430-00-1/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
FM 5-430-00-1/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
FM 5-430-00-1/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol I
PREFACE
Field Manual (FM) 5-430 is intended for use dardization Program, Fortification for
as a training guide and reference text for en- Parked Aircraft.
gineer personnel responsible for planning,
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
designing, and constructing roads, airfields,
(NATO) Standardization Agreement
and heliports in the theater of operations
(STANAG) 3158 Airfield Marking and
(TO).
Lighting (AML) (Edition 4), Day Marking
of Airfield Runways and Taxiways.
FM 5-430 is divided into two separate vol-
umes to make it more user-friendly. FM 5- Ž STANAG 2929, Airfield Damage Repair.
430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1, Road De-
• STANAG 3346 AML (Edition 4), Marking
sign, encompasses Chapters 1 through 9
and Lighting of Airfield Obstructions.
and Appendices A through H. FM 5-430-00-
Ž STANAG 3601 Air Transport (TN) (Edi-
2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II, Airfield and Heli-
tion 3), Criteria for Selection and Mark-
port Design, encompasses Chapters 10
through 14 and Appendices I through P. ing of Landing Zones for Fixed Wing
Transport Aircraft.
FM 5-430-00-l/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1 is a
Ž STANAG 3619 AML (Edition 2) (Amend-
stand-alone volume for the design of TO
ment 2), Helipad Marking.
roads. This volume also serves as a de-
• STANAG 3652 AML (Amendment 3), Heli-
tailed description of information common to
both roads and airfields, such as site selec- pad Lighting, Visual Meteorological Con-
ditions (VMC).
tion, survey and earthwork, clearing and
grubbing, base and subbase courses, and • STANAG 3685 AML, Airfield Portable
drainage. Marking.
FM 5-430-00-2 /AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol II
This publication applies to the Air National
serves as the basis for airfield and heliport
Guard (ANG) when published in the Na-
design. It discusses the complete process
tional Guard Regulation (NGR) (AF) 0-2.
of airfield and heliport construction from
the preliminary investigations, through de- This publication, together with FM 5-430-00-
sign criteria, to the final project layout and 2/AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol H: Airfield and Heli-
construction techniques. It is not a stand- port Design (to be published), will super-
alone volume. FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32- sede TM 5-330/AFM 86-3, Volume II, 8 Sep-
8013, Vol 1 contains much of the informa- tember 1968 and FM 5-165/AFP 86-13, 29
tion required to design the substructure of August 1975.
an airfield or a heliport.
The proponent for this publication is the
The material in this manual applies to all US Army Engineer School (USAES). Send
levels of engineer involvement in the TO. comments and recommendations on Depart-
The manual is intended to be used by ment of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recom-
United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers mended Changes to Publications and Blank
personnel. Forms) directly to—
Commandant
The provisions of this publication are the US Army Engineer School
subject of the following international agree- ATSE-TDM
ments: Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-5000.
• Quadripartite Standardization Agree- Unless this publication states otherwise,
ment [QSTAG) 306, American-British- masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer
Canadian-Australian Armies Stan- exclusively to men.
v
FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
Basic Planning Considerations in the Theater of Operations Road Construction
Engineering Study
General Information Airfield Construction
1
GENERAL INFORMATION
Army engineers plan, design, and construct airfields, heliports,
and roads in the TO. To ensure these facilities meet proposed
requirements, the responsible engineer officer must coordinate
closely with all appropriate ground and air commanders. The
engineer depends on the appropriate commanders for informa-
tion on the weight and traffic frequency of using aircraft, facility
life, geographic boundaries governing site selection, and the
time available for construction as dictated by the operation plan.
Detailed planning, reconnaissance, and site investigations are
often limited by lack of time and by the tactical situation. How-
even when time and security permit, the engineer should conduct
normal ground reconnaissance and on-site investigations. If
this is not possible, the engineer should obtain photographs of
the area.
BASIC PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS IN THE THEATER OF
OPERATIONS
Army engineers should use the following • Build one of two types of structures in
guides in the TO: the TO: initial or temporary. Initial
design life is up to six months; tem-
• Keep designs simple. Simple designs re-
porary design life is up to two years.
quire minimum skilled labor and spe-
cialized materials. Ž Whenever possible, phase construction
to permit the early usc of the facility
• Use local materials whenever possible.
while further construction and improve-
This helps eliminate construction delays
ments continue.
associated with a long communications
and logistics line. Ž Generally avoid sites with dense brush,
timberland, and rolling terrain that re-
• Use existing facilities whenever pos-
quire heavy clearing or grading.
sible. This helps avoid unnecessary con-
struction. Ž Take care to prevent destruction of
natural drainage channels, culverts,
• Remember that safety factors in design
and roads. Repairs require time and
are drastically reduced in the TO be-
labor far exceeding that needed to
cause of time constraints and the in-
prevent damage.
herent risks of war.
General Information 7-1
FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
AIRFIELD CONSTRUCTION
The planning and construction of Air Force ARMY RESPONSIBILITIES
bases in the TO is a joint responsibility of
The Army will provide the following troop
Army and Air Force personnel as outlined in
construction support to the Air Force:
Army Regulation (AR) 415-30/Air Force
Regulation (AFR) 93-10. A summary of each
Ž Development of engineering designs,
service’s responsibilities follows:
standard plans, and material to meet
Air Force requirements.
AIR FORCE RESPONSIBILITIES
The Air Force provides the following support: • Reconnaissance, survey, design, con-
struction, or improvement of airfields,
• Emergency repair of war-damaged air roads, utilities, and structures.
bases.
Ž Rehabilitation of Air Force bases and fa-
• Force bed down of Air Force units and cilities beyond the immediate emer-
weapon systems, excluding Army base- gency recovery requirements of the Air
development responsibilities. Force.
• Construction management of emergency Ž Supply of materials and equipment to
repair of war damage and force bed- perform Army engineering missions.
down.
Ž Construction of temporary standard air
• Operation and maintenance of Air Force base facilities.
facilities and installations.
Ž Repair management of war damage and
• Crash rescue and fire suppression. base development, including supervi-
sion of Army personnel. The Air Force
base commander will set the work priori-
• Supply of material and equipment to ties.
perform Air Force engineering missions.
• Road and airfield construction.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Engineer construction units, under the • Construct and install signs and other
appropriate Army command, have the following route-marking materials.
responsibilities:
Ž Regulate traffic at locations where engi-
neer work is being performed.
• Reconnoiter roads and bridges.
Ž Assist vehicles to keep traffic moving on
main supply routes regardless of
• Recommend traffic-control procedures.
weather, enemy activity, or other diffi-
culties.
1-2 General Information
FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
ENGINEERING STUDY
After the specific requirements for roads, using certain airfields and roads. To obtain
air fields. and heliports have been these facilities quickly, an adequate
determined engineers should prepare the investigation of each site and a careful
facilities for use as soon as possible. In study of the design details are essential.
most cases, the he need is critical because the This is explained in greater detail in
accomplishment of a mission depends on Chapter 2 of this manual.
General Information 1-3
FM 5-430-00-1/AFPAM 32-8013, Vol 1
Location Factors Route and Road Reconnaissance Airfield Reconnaissance
Site Selection and Reconnaissance Reconnaissance Engineer Reconnaissance
2
SITE SELECTION AND
CHAPTER
RECONNAISSANCE
This chapter outlines the location, layout, and design of military
roads and airfields. The first steps in constructing a road or
airfield are determining the best location for the facility and
formulating the essential areas and construction features.
Throughout the preconstruction phase, problems can be avoided
by a well-planned site selection.
LOCATION FACTORS
Construction of a road or airfield initially world, Where possible, use these roadnets
consists of providing a prepared subgrade to the fullest extent. In many cases, expan-
and base course according to design sion and rehabilitation of existing facilities
criteria. Airfield runways require more is adequate for mission accomplishment.
transverse areas than roads. Although the
governing criteria and dimensions for roads Except in highly developed areas, existing
and airfields differ, the basic approach to airfields are seldom adequate to handle
their location and layout is the same. En- modern, high-performance aircraft. How-
gineers should use the factors listed below ever, with minimum rehabilitation these air-
to locate and lay out all construction fields can usually be made adequate to ac-
projects. commodate them. They may serve as the
nucleus for larger fields that meet the re-
quirements of high-performance aircraft.
MISSION Helicopters and light planes can often
operate from existing roads, pastures, or
The most important factor in selecting a
athletic fields.
site is to ensure it will fulfill mission re-
quirements. Lines of communication (LOC)
must be build to accomplish a specific mis-
LOCATION AND DESIGN
sion in the most direct and efficient manner
possible. All location factors must be To the greatest extent possible, the location
evaluated to support the mission. and design for a facility must provide the
best response to all requirements. Alterna-
tive road and airfield plans can be
EXISTING FACILITIES evaluated, from the standpoint of total
Use all existing facilities. The wartime mis- earthwork and drainage structure require-
sions of engineer troops arc so extensive ments, to reduce construction effort.
and the demand for their services so great
that new construction should be avoided. Try to construct airfields in an area that
Extensive roadnets of varying quality and will serve existing and future requirements.
Consider the future needs of military units
capacity already exist in most areas of the
Site Selection and Reconnaissance 2-1