Table Of Content

Springer Series on Fluorescence 16 Series Editor: Martin Hof Karel Procházka Editor Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems 16 Springer Series on Fluorescence Methods and Applications Series Editor: Martin Hof Springer Series on Fluorescence Series Editor: Martin Hof Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes FluorescenceStudiesofPolymerContaining AdvancedFluorescenceReporters Systems inChemistryandBiologyI VolumeEditor:KarelProcha´zka FundamentalsandMolecularDesign Vol.16,2016 VolumeEditor:A.P.Demchenko Vol.8,2010 AdvancedPhotonCounting VolumeEditors:PeterKapusta, LanthanideLuminescence MichaelWahlandRainerErdmann Photophysical,AnalyticalandBiologicalAspects Vol.15,2015 VolumeEditors:P.Ha¨nninenandH.Ha¨rma¨ Vol.7,2011 Far-FieldOpticalNanoscopy VolumeEditors:PhilipTinnefeld,Christian StandardizationandQualityAssurance EggelingandStefanW.Hell inFluorescenceMeasurementsII Vol.14,2015 BioanalyticalandBiomedicalApplications VolumeEditor:Resch-Genger,U. FluorescentMethodstoStudyBiological Vol.6,2008 Membranes VolumeEditors:Y.Me´lyandG.Duportail StandardizationandQualityAssurance Vol.13,2013 inFluorescenceMeasurementsI Techniques FluorescentProteinsII VolumeEditor:U.Resch-Genger ApplicationofFluorescentProteinTechnology Vol.5,2008 VolumeEditor:G.Jung Vol.12,2012 FluorescenceofSupermolecules,Polymeres, andNanosystems FluorescentProteinsI VolumeEditor:M.N.Berberan-Santos FromUnderstandingtoDesign Vol.4,2007 VolumeEditor:G.Jung Vol.11,2012 FluorescenceSpectroscopyinBiology VolumeEditor:M.Hof AdvancedFluorescenceReporters Vol.3,2004 inChemistryandBiologyIII ApplicationsinSensingandImaging FluorescenceSpectroscopy,Imaging VolumeEditor:A.P.Demchenko andProbes Vol.10,2011 VolumeEditor:R.Kraayenhof Vol.2,2002 AdvancedFluorescenceReportersin ChemistryandBiologyII NewTrendsinFluorescenceSpectroscopy MolecularConstructions,Polymersand VolumeEditor:B.Valeur Nanoparticles Vol.1,2001 VolumeEditor:A.P.Demchenko Vol.9,2010 More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4243 Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems Volume Editor: Karel Procha´zka With contributions by J. Duhamel (cid:1) M. Karayianni (cid:1) Z. Limpouchova´ (cid:1) S. Pispas (cid:1) K. Procha´zka (cid:1) M. Sˇteˇpańek (cid:1) I.K. Voets (cid:1) D. W€oll VolumeEditor KarelProcha´zka FacultyofScience CharlesUniversityinPrague Prague2,CzechRepublic ISSN1617-1306 ISSN1865-1313 (electronic) SpringerSeriesonFluorescence ISBN978-3-319-26786-9 ISBN978-3-319-26788-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-26788-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016931291 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Series Editor Prof.Dr.MartinHof AcademyofSciencesoftheCzechRepublic J.HeyrovskyInstituteofPhysicalChemistry DepartmentofBiophysicalChemistry Dolejskova3 16223Prague8 CzechRepublic [email protected] Aims and Scope Fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging and fluorescent probes are indispensible tools in numerous fields of modern medicine and science, including molecularbiology,biophysics,biochemistry,clinicaldiagnosisandanalyticaland environmentalchemistry.Applicationsstretchfromspectroscopyandsensortech- nology to microscopy and imaging, to single molecule detection, to the develop- ment of novel fluorescent probes, and to proteomics and genomics. The Springer SeriesonFluorescenceaimsatpublishingstate-of-the-artarticlesthatcanserveas invaluable tools for both practitioners and researchers being active in this highly interdisciplinaryfield.Thecarefullyeditedcollectionofpapersineachvolumewill givecontinuousinspirationfornewresearchandwillpointtoexcitingnewtrends. . Preface This book outlines and explains the application of fluorescence measurements in polymer research. It shows examples of important studies of complex polymer- containingsystemsbyvariousfluorescencetechniques.Thebookisnotintendedto provide an exhaustive survey of all the important fluorescence studies of polymer systems.Itoutlinesseveralareasinpolymersciencewheretheapplicationoffluores- cencetechniquescansuccessfullycontributetoresearch.Theselectionoftopicsand the structure of the book were subject to the following criteria (1) the individual chapters should give the reader an overview of both seminal works and relatively recentstudiesofpolymersusingfluorescencetechniques;(2)itdrawsattentiontothe greatpotentialoffluorescenceforinvestigatingcomplexpolymer-containingsystems; (3) itaccentuates the most important differences between the behavioroflow- and high-molar-masssystemsandtheconsequencesforthemethodologyoffluorescence studies of both types of systems; (4) last but not least, the described examples and analyses of their results should be inspiring for a fairly broad community of researchers(bothpolymerscientistsandexpertsinspectroscopy).Itfollowsthatthe textis not onlya collection ofspecialized reviews for a relativelynarrow group of experts(i.e.,forpolymerscientistswhohavebeenactivelyusingadvancedfluores- cencetechniquesforalongtime),butitsgoalismultifold. First, we would like to address polymer chemists and physicists who plan to employ advanced fluorescence techniques (by themselves or in cooperation) and would like to explore the potential of fluorescence measurements to as great a degree aspossible.Thepertinentchaptersoutlinethetheoreticalbasisforfluores- cencetechniques,givehintsaboutwhichpolymerproblemsareworthstudyingby fluorescence methods, and draw the attention of the reader to the non-negligible risksassociatedwithincorrectinterpretationoftheexperimentaldata.Secondly,we would like to help experts in spectroscopy who intend to cooperate with polymer scientiststoorientthemselvesinpolymerphysicsandphysicalchemistry(atleastin severalareasofpolymerscienceandtechnology).Thebookisintendedtofacilitate communication among the members of interdisciplinary research teams studying systemscontainingpolymers. vii viii Preface The beginning of the book contains general chapters on the conformational behavior of polymer chains and association processes in polymer solutions. The firstchapterongeneralconformationalbehaviorispresentedconciselyinanalmost textbook-likemanner.Itsummarizesthemostimportantfeaturesofconformational behavior.Eventhoughthischapterisonlyofmarginalinterestforpolymerscien- tists, it provides useful information for experts in spectroscopy who plan to carry outexperimentalstudiesofsystemscontainingpolymercomponents.Thechapters devotedtoself-assemblyarebriefup-to-datereviewarticlesandmaybeinteresting for both groups of scientists. The middle part (chapter “Theoretical Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy” and partly also chapter “Historical Perspective of Advances in Fluorescence Research on Polymer Systems”) provides a brief overview on fluorescence techniques and outlines information relevant for studies of both low- and high-molar mass systems. This part can serve as an introductory (textbook-like)chapterforpolymerscientistsinterestedinlearningmoreaboutthe theoreticalbasisoffluorescencespectroscopy.Thelastpartcontainsseveralreview articlesontheapplicationofvariousfluorescencetechniquesforstudyingspecific aspectsofthebehaviorofpolymersolutions.Wewouldliketostressthatthebook isfocusedonsyntheticpolymersandparticularlyontheirconformationalandself- assemblingbehaviorin dilute solutions. We deliberately avoided biopolymer systems. The functional systems of biologically important polymers are very important, and their behavior is in many respects similar to that of the systems of synthetic polymers discussed here. However, other excellent books have already beenpublishedonthistopic(includinginthisseries). Insummary,thebookisintendedtoattracttheinterestofpolymerscientists,as wellasthatofexpertsinfluorescencespectroscopy,tofacilitatetheircommunica- tion,helpintheircooperation,andprovideusefulinformationforbothcommunities. Prague2,CzechRepublic KarelProcha´zka Contents ConformationalandDynamicBehaviorofPolymerandPolyelectrolyte ChainsinDiluteSolutions. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 KarelProcha´zka Self-AssemblyofAmphiphilicBlockCopolymersinSelectiveSolvents. . . 27 MariaKarayianniandStergiosPispas ElectrostaticallyDrivenAssemblyofPolyelectrolytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 IljaKarinaVoets TheoreticalPrinciplesofFluorescenceSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ZuzanaLimpouchova´ andKarelProcha´zka HistoricalPerspectiveofAdvancesinFluorescenceResearch onPolymerSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 KarelProcha´zka FluorescenceSpectroscopyStudiesofAmphiphilicBlockCopolymer MicellesinAqueousSolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 MiroslavSˇteˇpańek Pyrene-LabeledWater-SolubleMacromoleculesasFluorescent MimicsofAssociativeThickeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 JeanDuhamel FluorescenceCorrelationSpectroscopyStudiesofPolymerSystems. . . . 255 DominikW€oll Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 ix