Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) PDF
Preview Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae)
THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Volumes published in this series: Volume I Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Edited by K.U. Kramer and P.S. Green (1990) Volume II Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families Edited by K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer, and V. Bittrich (1993) Volume III Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae) Edited by K. Kubitzki {1998) Volume IV Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) Edited by K. Kubitzki {1998) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki I V Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) Volume Editor: K. Kubitzki in Collaboration with H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, and T. Stiitzel With 126 Figures Springer Professor Dr. KLAUS KUBITZKI Institut fiir Allgemeine Botanik und Botanischer Garten OhnhorststraBe 18 22609 Hamburg, Germany ISBN 978-3-642-08378-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons : Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) I volume editor, K. Kubitzki; in collaboration with H. Huber ... [et al.]. p. em.-(The families and genera of vascular plants; 4) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08378-5 ISBN 978-3-662-03531-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3 1. Monocotyledons - Classification. I. Kubitzki, Klaus, 1933- II. Huber, Herbert, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ill. Series. QK495.A14F54 1998 584'.7-dc21 This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: W. Eisenschink, Heddesheim Typesetting: Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong SPIN 10576134 31/3137-5 4 3 2 1 0-Printed on acid-free paper Preface When Rolf Dahlgren and I embarked on preparing this book series, Rolf took prime responsibility for monocotyledons, which had interested him for a long time. After finishing his comparative study and family classification of the monocots, he devoted much energy to the acquisition and editing of family treatments for the present series. After his untimely death, Peter Goldblatt, who had worked with him, continued to handle further incoming monocot manuscripts until, in the early 1990s, his other obligations no longer allowed him to continue. At that time, some 30 manuscripts in various states of perfection had accumulated, which seemed to form a solid basis for a speedy completion of the FGVP monocots; with the exception of the grasses and orchids which would appear in separate volumes. I felt a strong obligation to do everything to help in publishing the manuscripts that had been put into our hands. I finally decided to take charge of them personally, although during my life as a botainst I had never seriously been interested in monocots. The beginning of my involvement coincided with the revival of interest in monocot systematics, which became manifest in the Kew Monocot Conference and the publication of its proceedings in 1995. The latter helped me greatly in finding access to modern concepts in monocot classification and evolution; this made it necessary to make consid erable changes to all the existing contributions. The results from molecular systematics have not only greatly influenced phylogenetic concepts but have also led to an increase in the number of monocot families, contrary to my original aim to reduce them. It is likely that a number of genera such as those treated here as "genera anomala" may deserve family status; further progress in molecular systematics, implying the use of additional genes and a denser sampling, will certainly result in changes of our phylogenetic and taxonomic concepts. While working on these volumes, I tried to do justice to the most recent scientific developments and, at the same time, tried not to lose sight of the legacy left to us from earlier generations. Therefore, I often added information from important earlier works, especially from the German morphological literature that is largely unknown abroad. In floral morphology, I aimed at greater precision and clarity and made in these two volumes a consistent distinction between style and stylulus (for an explanation of the latter term, see footnote on p. 382, Vol. III). Nevertheless, I am fully aware of possible imperfections and inconsistencies in the more than 100 family contributions; any attempt at reducing their number, however, would have meant an unjustifiable delay in the publication of these volumes. I would like to express my deep gratitude to all those who supported my work in various ways. The directors and curators of the herbaria in Berlin, Geneva, Kew, and Munich always responded quickly in putting critical and rare herbarium material at my disposal. W. Barthlott, R. Brummitt, M. Chase, J. Reveal, F. Salamini, and D.W. Stevenson, among others, provided important information as to their own or others' recent work. A. Meerow, Nam Soak Lee, J. Kadereit, M. Sazima, T. Sttitzel, S. Verhook, Woo-Tschul Lee, and the librarians of my own institution, of the Botanic Garden and Museum at Berlin and of the Botanische Staatssammlung Mtinchen helped with rare literature. C. Bayer, P.E. Berry, C.D.K. Cook, D.A. Cooke, M. Fay, P. Goldblatt, 0. Huber, M. Lock, S. Mayo, A. Meerow, I. Nordal, H.-H. Poppendieck, S.S. Renner, J. Semir, M. Sazima, H.-J. Tillich, G. Wiegleb, and others read and commented on manuscripts. C. Schirarend and H.-H. Poppendieck offered important help with translations from Russian and into English, VI Preface respectively. C. Bayer very patiently tried to develop my understanding of inflorescence morphology. A special word of thanks, for his unfailing help, is due to J. Bogner, who not only reviewed various manuscripts but also provided important plant material and illus trations. For the generous permission to use illustrations from Vol. 6 of his Plant Life (Leningrad 1982), I am deeply indebted to A.L. Takhtajan. I am also most grateful to all those authors and copyright holders who permitted the use of their illustrations. Likewise, I wish to thank H.-D. Behnke, C.D.K. Cook, E. Kohler, J. Kress, H.P. Linder, R. Mello-Silva, S. Nilsson with E. Grafstrom, and M. Harley for making valuable light, scanning and transmission electron microscope photographs available. Finally, I wish to thank all contributors for generously sharing their specialist knowl edge and for their patience, with which they reacted to all my suggestions and requests. Last, but not least, my thanks go to the editorial and production staff of Springer Verlag who, as always, have done splendid work. Hamburg, May 1998 K. KUBITZKI Contents CONSPECTUS OF FAMILIES TREATED IN THIS VOLUME K. KUBITZKI ...... . GENERAL REFERENCES 5 Acoraceae J. BoGNER and S.J. MAYO 7 Alismataceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LEs, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN 11 Anarthriaceae H.P. LINDER, B.G. BRIGGS, and L.A.S. JoHNSON . 19 Aponogetonaceae H.W.E. van BRUGGEN ......... . 21 Araceae S.J. MAYO, J. BoGNER, and P.C. BoYCE 26 Bromeliaceae L.B. SMITH and W. TILL 74 Butomaceae C.D.K. CooK 100 Cannaceae K. KUBITZKI 103 Centrolepidaceae D.A. CooKE 106 Commelinaceae R.B. FADEN 109 Costaceae K. LARSEN 128 Cymodoceaceae J, Kuo and A.J. McCOMB 133 Cyperaceae P. GOETGHEBEUR .... 141 Dasypogonaceae H.T. CLIFFORD, G.J. KEIGHERY, and J.G. CoNRAN. 190 Ecdeiocoleaceae H.P. LINDER, B.G. BRIGGS, and L.A.S. JoHNSON . 195 Eriocaulaceae T. STUTZEL ......... . 197 Flagellariaceae 0. APPEL and C. BAYER . 208 Haemodoraceae M.G. SIMPSON . . . . . . 212 Hanguanaceae C. BAYER, 0. APPEL, and P.J. RuDALL 223 Heliconiaceae L. ANDERSSON 226 Hydatellaceae U.HAMANN 231 Hydrocharitaceae C.D.K. CooK . 234 Joinvilleaceae C. BAYER and 0. APPEL 249 Juncaceae H. BALSLEV ...... . 252 Juncaginaceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LEs, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN. 260 Lemnaceae E. LANDOLT .................... . 264 Limnocharitaceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LEs, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN . 271 Lowiaceae K. LARSEN .. 275 Marantaceae L. ANDERSSON 278 Mayacaceae D.W. STEVENSON 294 Musaceae L. ANDERSSON . . 296 Najadaceae R.R. HAYNES, L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN, and D.H. LEs . 301 VIII Contents Palmae J. DRANSFIELD and N.W. UHL 306 Philydraceae U. HAMANN ...... . 389 Pontederiaceae C.D.K. CooK . . . . . . . . . . 395 Posidoniaceae J. Kuo and A.J. McCOMB ... 404 Potamogetonaceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LEs, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN. 408 Rapateaceae D.W. STEVENSON, M. CoLELLA, and B. BooM ... 415 Restionaceae H.P. LINDER, B.G. BRIGGs, and L.A.S. JoHNSON .. 425 Ruppiaceae R.R. HAYNES, L.B. HOLM-NIELSEN, and D.H. LEs . 445 Scheuchzeriaceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LEs, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN. 449 Strelitziaceae L. ANDERSSON 451 Thurniaceae K. KUBITZKI 455 Typhaceae K. KUBITZKI 457 Xyridaceae R. KRAL .. 461 Zannichelliaceae R.R. HAYNES, D.H. LES, and L.B. HoLM-NIELSEN. 470 Zingiberaceae K. LARSEN, J.M. LOCK, H. MAAS, and P.J.M. MAAS 474 Zosteraceae J. Kuo and A.J. McCoMB 496 Index of Scientific Names 503 List of Contributors ANDERSSON, L. Institute of Systematic Botany, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, 41319 Goteborg, Sweden APPEL, 0. Institut flir Allgemeine Botanik und Herbarium, Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany BALSLEY, H. University of Aarhus, Botanical Institute, Nordlandsvej 68, 8240 Risskov, Denmark BAYER, C. Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik und Herbarium, Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany BoGNER, J. Menzinger Str. 63, 80638 Munchen, Germany BooM, B. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458- 5126, USA BoYcE, P. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK BRIGGS, B.G. Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia BRUGGEN, H.W.E. van Linthorst Homanstraat 19, 1963 KM Hemskeerk, The Netherl ands CLIFFORD, H.T. Queensland Museum, P.O.B. 3300, South Brisbane Qld 4101, Australia CoLELLA, M. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458- 5126, USA CoNRAN, J.G. Department of Botany, University of Adelaide, Adelaide S.A. 5005, Australia CooK, C.D.K. Botanischer Garten, Universitat Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland CooKE, D.A. 58 Gardiner Avenue, Warradale S.A. 5046, Australia DRANSFIELD, J. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Survey TWG 3AB, UK FADEN, R.B. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany NBH 166, Washington DC 20560-0001, USA GoETGHEBEUR, P.J. Laboratory of Plant Systematics, University of Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium HAMANN, U. Deceased HAYNES, R.R. University of Alabama, Dept. of Botany, P.O.B. 870344, Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0344, USA HoLM-NIELSEN, L.B. The World Bank, ESP Washington DC. 20433, USA X List of Contributors HUBER, H. Universitat Kaiserslautern, FB Biologie, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany JOHNSON, L.A.S. Deceased KEIGHERY, G.J. Western Australian Wildlife Research Center, Department of Conservation and Land Management, P.O.B. 51, Wanneroo W.A. 6065, Australia KRAL R. Biology Department, Vanderbilt University, Box 1705, StaB, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA - KUBITZKI, K. Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik und Herbarium, Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18,22609 Hamburg, Germany Kuo,J. Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia LANDOLT, E. Geobotanisches Institut ETH, Stiftung Rubel, Zurichbergstr. 38, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland LARSEN, K. University of Aarhus, Botanical Institute, Nordlandsvej 68, 8240 Risskov, Denmark LES, D.H. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3042, USA LINDER, H.P. Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa LOCK, J.M. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK MAAS van der Department of Plant Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, KAMER, H. University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands MAAS, P.J.M. Department of Plant Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands MAYO, S.J. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK McCoMB, A.J. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch W.A. 6150, Australia RUDALL, P.J. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK SIMPSON, M.G. Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA SMITH, L.B. Deceased STEVENSON, D.W. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458- 5126, USA STUTZEL, T. Spezielle Botanik, Ruhr-Universitat, Postfach 10 21 48, 44801 Bochum, Germany w. TILL, Institut fur Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria UHL,N.W. L.H. Bailey Hortorium, 462 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA
The list of books you might like
