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Florida women's heritage trail PDF

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A Florida Heritag fii11:i rafiMHrtiS I ^^I^H ^bIh^^^^^^^Ji ^I^^Bfi^^ Florida Association of Museums The Florida raises the visibility of muse- Women's ums in the state and serves as Heritage Trail a liaison between museums ^ '/"'^Vm was pro- and government. duced in FAM is managed by a board of cooperation directors elected by the mem- with the bership, which is representa- Florida tive of the spectrum of mu- Association seum disciplines in Florida. Museums of FAM has succeeded in provid- (FAM). The ing numerous economic, Florida educational and informational Association ofMuseums is a benefits for its members. nonprofit corporation, estab- lished for educational pur- Florida Association of Museums poses. It provides continuing education and networking Post Office Box 10951 opportunities for museum Tallahassee, Florida 32302-2951 professionals, improves the Phone: (850) 222-6028 level of professionalism within FAX: (850) 222-6112 the museum community, www.flamuseums.org Contact the Florida Associa- serves as a resource for infor- tion of Museums for a compli- mation on Florida's museums. mentary copy of "See The World!" Credits Author: Nina McGuire The section on Florida Women's Clubs (pages 29 to 31) is derived from the National RegisterofHistoric Places nominationpreparedby DeLand historianSidneyJohnston. GraphicDesign: Jonathan Lyons, Lyons Digital Media, Tallahassee. Special thanks to Ann Kozeliski, AKozeliski Design, Tallahassee, and Steve Little, Division ofHistorical Resources, Tallahassee. Photography: Ray Stanyard, Tallahassee; Michael Zimny and Phillip M. Pollock, DivisionofHistorical Resources; Pat Canova and Lucy Beebe/Silver Image;Jim Stokes; HistoricTours ofAmerica, Inc., KeyWest; The KeyWest Chamber ofCommerce;Jacksonville Planning and DevelopmentDepartment; Historic Pensacola Preservation Board. Edited by staffofthe Florida Division ofHistorical Resources: Catherine Clark Frederick P. Gaske, Susanne Hunt, Julie Weiler, and Rusty Ennemoser. ©2001 Florida DepartmentofState, Division ofHistorical Resources h Mr- n tia Contents Introduction 2 North Florida 3 Central Florida 13 South Florida 18 Florida Women's Heritage Trail Sites 26 Florida "Firsts'' 28 The Florida Women's Club Movement 29 Acknowledgements 32 On the Cover: Sections from three 1880s crazy quiltblocks from the Tallahassee Museum ofHistory & Natural Science permanent collection. Crazy quilts, popular during the late 19th century, are made from differently colored and sized pieces of wool, velvet and silk fabrics, sewn together with fancv embroidery stitches. Many of the sites listed in this publication are listed in the National Registerof Historic Places, either indi\iduall\ m- as contributing resources in a historic district. The National Register is a\-\ official list ofhisloricalh' significant properties located throughout llu' countr\'. The list is mainl.iined bv iht.' National Park Sei\ice, and includes places that have been documented as significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture, at the local, stale, or national level. For information iC)W the National Register, consult the National Park Service's National Register website at www.cr.nps.go\7nr/, call the I loritia Department ol Stale, bureau ot I listoric Preservation at (850) 245-6333 or (800) 847-727S or visit www.tllu'ritage.com. (^ / /> . Introduction ^W Zora Neale Hurston, portrayed quilts as ritual. Hurston's novel. Seraph on the Suwanee, features middle-aged Arvay, closingher dead mother's eyes and wrapping her in three quilts ofher mother's making. In "Cracker Orange City Elementary Chidlings," a work ofshort fiction, School students and their Rawlings draws the picture of a 1n^1|^ teacher, Miss Pickney. group ofwomen gathered together at V^f 1934. Florida Photo Aunt Mag's for a quiltingbee from Archives ^^mt d where the word goes out that ajoke will be played thatnight on a new- Within thisbook arebrief from mother to daughter, it inspi—red comer to town. outlines ofover 100 quiltingbees and sewing circles women significant in the forerunners ofmodern women's At thebeginningofthe 21st century, Florida's history. In each case, a clubs. Quilts provided warmth, women continue to redefine their historic site or marker exists to beautified thehome, and m—arked roles as reflected in the achievements illustrate their role in defining the important passages in life birth, ofFloridians such as Gwendolyn state's past, present, and future. marriage, and death. Quilts reflected Sawyer Cherry and Elaine Gordon. These stories begin with early native women's role as mother, daughter, Quilts and quiltinghave alsobeen Indians and Spanish pioneers, and sister, and wife. redefined. TheAIDS Memorial Quilt continue through the end ofthe 20th became a national symbol, a creative century. The impact of their lives and Into the 20th century, the fabric and means for remembrance and healing. work often reaches farbeyond the patterns ofAmericanwomen's daily The quilthasbecome widely ac- shores and borders of the Sunshine life began to change. Hard won cepted amongboth male and female State. Although these women are no opportunities redirected energy and artists as a work ofart, collected by longerwith us, theirimpactis felt interesttoward theworking world museums and displayed inexhibits today in the State ofFlorida and its and public service. Many women re- such as the annual Capital City quilt people. directed their talents to support show ofthe Museum ofFlorida Patterns of History social reforms such as the temper- History. Quilts tell women's stories. ance movement and the right to vote. They represent the strong and Historically, the creation ofquilts delicate threads which weave — was the province ofwomen. These Florida authors ofthe 1930s and women into Florida'sheritage a products oflabor and love came to 1940s, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings and past we all share, and thatbinds us represent the intricate, diverse all together. patterns ofwomen's lives. Quilts speak today ofwomen's changing roles. Details from theblocks ofan elaborately embroidered, late 19th- century crazy quilt from the collec- tion ofthe Tallahassee Museum of Science and Natural History are featured on the cover ofFlorida Women's Heritage Trail. Details ofa 20th-centuryYo-Yo quilt illustrate the features inside. In the 19th century, quilting often served as a woman's self-expression. Quilting at the Florida Folk Festival^ Anessential skill, often passed down 1957. Florida Photo Archives^ aS. North Florida Escambia County Pensacola Barkley House 410 South Florida Blanca Street (850) 595-5985 Built for Clara Louise Garnier Barkley (1800-1867) in 1830, this home is one of the oldest masonry houses in Florida. Once called a "high house" because of its el- evated first floor, the building's construction resembles that ofearly masonry houses of New Orleans and Louisiana. The Creole influ- ences are evident in its wide gallery porch and gables, combined with a center-hall floor plan. The Barkley freedom ofher fellowblacks. The Leon County House was restored by the cottage was later owned by a Pensacola Heritage Foundation. succession of free black women. TALLAHASSEE The simple wooden vernacular Dorr House Bellevue 311 South Adams Street building, built between 1804 and Tallahassee Museum of History 1808 during the Second Spanish and Natural Science (850) 595-5985 Period, is Pensacola's only surviv- 3945 Museum Drive Clara Barkley Dorr (1825-1899), the daughter of Clara Louise Garnier ing example of "to the sidewalk" (850) 575-8685 Barkley, grew up in the Barkley construction. Its pegged framing Bellexue is the former home of and beaded ceilings were carefully Catherine Daingerfield Willis Gray House. In 1870, following the death ofher husband and eldest son, she preserved for its new role as a Murat (1803-1867), great-grandniece black history museum. ofGeorge Washington, widow oi purchased land in Pensacola's most Achille Murat, Prince of Naples and prestigious residential neighbor- Lavalle House nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. hood and built this classically 205 East Church Street Catherine bought the modest story- inspired house. Here she raised her (850) 595-5985 and-a-halfhouse and 520 acres of five remaining children. During the Carlos Lavalle and Marianna land in 1854. Built between 1838 and 1890s, the home was used as a Bonifay (1760-1829), a French 1841, the house is <\n example of private school for the children of widow, built this rare surviving indigenous southern architecture, Pensacola's wealthv families. The example of French Creole colonial part ofa "carpenter tradition" using home remains substantially un- construction practices passed from architecture in 1805 during changed and is completely fur- Florida's Second Spanish Period. generation to generation. The high nished with antiques from the ceilings, central hallway, and wide The house is furnished with 18th- 1850s to the 189()s. and 19th-centiuv antiques recreat- porches are well-suited tor a hot, humid climate. It isa simple, frame ing frontier lite in the 1820s. Julee Cottage Museum \ernacular plantation residence. 210 East Zaragoza Street Catherine Murat li\ed at Belle\ue (850) 595-5985 part ofeach year. She was an active The cottage belonged to Julee supporter of the Confederate cause Panton, a "free woman of color" during the Ci\il War and once tired a who worked to purchase the camion trom the Capitol ^teps announcing Florida's secession from Knott House Museum the Union. In 1967, 100 years after 301 East Park Avenue Catherine Murat's death, theJunior (850) 922-2459 League ofTallahassee, the Florida The Knott House wasbuilt about Heritage Foundation, and the 1843 as a wedding gift for Catherine Tallahassee Museum of History and Gamble and territorial lawyer Natural Science saved Bellevue, and Thomas Holmes Hagner. Catherine moved it to its current site. Catherine was the sister ofMajor Robert Murat is buried in the St. John's Gamble, builder ofthe 1845 Gamble Episcopal Cemetery in Tallahassee. House near Bradenton and South Florida's only surviving antebellum State Library ofFlorida, Division of plantation house. In the Spring of Library and Information Services 1865, Union Brigadier General R. A. Gray Building Edward M. McCook arrived in First and Second Floors Gordon Tallahassee and established his Elaine 500 South Bronough Street headquarters in the Knott House. On State Legislator D(8o5r0o)t2h4y5-D6o60d0d (1902-1994) was the May 20, 1865, while residing at the Knott House, McCook issued Presi- Elaine Gordon wasborn in New first archivist for the State ofFlorida. dent Lincoln's Emancipation Procla- YorkCity in 1931 and moved to She was largely responsible for mation. Each year on May 20 a Florida in 1964. In 1972, she was beginning the Florida Collection of ceremony commemorating theevent elected to the Florida House of the State Library ofFlorida. is held at the Knott House. In the Representatives-the first woman The collections ofthe Florida State early 20th century, three Florida ever elected to representher Archives include State Government Supreme Courtjustices and their district. Representative Gordon Records, Local Government Records, families lived there in succession. was the prime sponsor ofa series Manuscripts (Non-Governmental Louella Knott (1871-1965) and her ofwomen's rights bills including Records), the Florida Photographic family acquired thehome in 1928. All tahbeilElqtuhaalteRliigmhitnsaAtmedenmadnmdeanttoraynd CCoolllleeccttiioonn,. AanpdubtlheisGheendeagluoigdiecatlo offrotmhetfhuerKnniosthitnfgasmiilnyt.hPeoheomusseshdeate divorce for spouse abuse victims women's history resources is also wrote hang from the furniturejustas seeking restraining orders. In available. Dr. Dodd wrote and edited she left them, giving the Knott House 1976, she was instrumental in Florida Becomes a State in 1945. its nickname, "thehouse that passing legislation establishing a rhymes." Displaced Homemaker Program offeringjob counseling, wellness Maclay State Gardens clinics, and financial and educa- 3540 Thomasville Road tional services to divorced (850) 487-4556 women who spent their lives as This park was once part ofa 3,760- homemakers. She sponsored acre huntingestate ownedbyAlfred legislation creating the Florida B. Maclay, a NewYork financier. He Commission on the Status of and his wife designed ornamental Women and, in 1982, was the first gardens for the property, includinga woman inducted into the Florida Camellia Walk, Walled Garden and Women's Hall ofFame. In 1992 Secret Garden. Afterher husband's she became the Dean ofthe death in 1944, Louise Maclay (1885- Florida House, a ceremonial title 1973) opened her 28-acre ornamental reserved for the longest-serving garden to the public and in 1953 member. She was the first woman donated 307 acres to the state. Today, elected Speaker Pro-Tempore and close to 100 varieties ofcamellias and the first recipient of the State of 50 varieties ofazaleasbloom from Florida United Way Humanitar- DecemberthroughApril. ianAward. Elaine Gordon died onFebruary 25, 2000. Museum of Florida History R.A. Gray Building, Ground Floor 500 South Bronough Street (850) 245-6400 Many of the museum's permanent exhibits and collections provide information on the role ofwomen in the development of Florida. The First Ladies' Gown Collectioncommemo- rates the wives of the state's gover- nors and includes several inaugural gowns. Portions of the collection are sometimes on display at the Museum ofFlorida History. The museum also hosts an annual quilt show and maintains archival records ofthe Florida Quilt Heritage Documenta- tion Project, which are available to researchers upon prior request. fort on July 27, 1816. Some 270 of the world. In 1963, Lois Maxon of New 300 defenders were killed. On the York purchased the property and Robert Manning Strozier Library grounds is a historicmarker com- made extensive changes to what had Florida State University memorating Millie Francis (1803- oncebeen the old Wesley home. In Dogwood Way 1848). She was the daughter ofHillis 1968, she donated the restored (850) 644-2706 Hadjo, a Muskogee Indian chief. In "Eden" to theState ofFlorida so that Lois Lenski (1893-1974) was an March 1818, the Georgia Militia had it could become a state park. The author and illustrator ofalmost 100 joined General Andrew Jackson's 1895 plantation-style house has books and illustrated more than 50 army in the invasion ofSpanish period furnishings including Louis books by other writers. In 1946 she Florida. The army called a rest stop XV, Louis XVI, and American won the coveted Newbery Medal for at Fort Gadsden. Duncan Empire. The gardens feature large the most distinguished contribution McKrimmon, a Georgia Militia live oaks, azaleas, and camellias. to literature forAmerican children private, was captured by Creek published in the previous year. The Indians and taken to their village on Alachua County award was given for Strawberry Girl, the banks of the Wakulla River. The a novel set on a strawberry farm in Indians tied Duncan to a tree and Cross Creek rInur1al95F8losrhiedad,opnraotbeadblaylanregaercLoalkleelcatnido.n pwraespalarteedr ctaolklieldl,hMiiml.lieM,albeeeg,goerdafsorshe Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings State obfachkergriolluunsdtramtaitoenrsi,amlasntuoscFrliopritdsa, and htioshilisfec.oHmepawnaisonssp.arIend18a4n4d, rteheturned HOifsftoCroiucnStiyteRoad 325 State University'sStrozier Library. United States awarded Millie Francis (352) 466-3672 Cross Creek, the home of Marjorie a Congressional medal and a pension Franklin County Kinnan Rawlings (1896-1953), is for her act of compassion. where the world-famous author Sumatra Walton County wrote her most popular books, T}ic Yearling and Cross Creek. Rawlings Millie Francis Historic Marker came to Cross Creek when she was Fort Gadsden Site Point Washington 32 and drew inspiration for her Apalachicola National Forest Eden State Gardens books from the land and the Florida Six miles south of Sumatra Off U.S. Highway 98 Cracker communit\'. In 1939, she was (850) 643-2282 (850) 231-4214 awarded the Pulit/er Prize for fiction Also known as the "Negro Fort," One hundred years ago, Eden State for The Yearling, the stor\ o( a 12- Fort Gadsden is located on the lower Cuirdens was the center ofa large year-old bo\' and his pet deer who Apalachicola River. It was built and lumbering business founded by lived in the llorida scrub. With its provisioned by the British and William Henry Wesley. The timber, raised floor and pitched roof, the manned by black and Indian forces logged from Northwest Florida Rawlings house is a fine example of under a black commandant named forests, was barged to IVnsacola "Cracker architecture" and is well- Garson. American forces attacked the where it was shipped around the suited for the hot Florida climate. />^. The Rawlings home is open to the played tennis in college at Florida public and guided tours are pro- A&M University; Doris Hart, winner vided. Many ofMarjorie Kinnan of35 Grand Slam tennis titles; Betty Rawlings' books, drafts, letters, and Skelton Frankman (1926-present), photographs are included in a the first woman inducted into the collectionnotfarfrom Cross Creek, InternationalAerobatic Hall ofFame at the Smathers Library East on the and the International Automotive University ofFlorida campus in Hall of Fame; Patty Berg (1918- Gainesville. present), founder and chartermem- MiCANOPY ber of the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) and its first Payne's Prairie State Preserve president (1948-1952); Tracy U.S. Highway 441 Caulkins (1963-present), who as a Marjorie Kinnan 10 miles south of Gainesville swimmer won three gold medals in (352) 466-3397 the 1984SummerOlympics; Chris Rawlings Marjorie Harris Carr (1915-1997), Evert (1954-present), winner of 157 through her leadership and commit- singles tennis titles (a record for men Author ment, made a significant impactby and women); and Lyn St. James, protecting part ofFlorida's environ- "America's top woman race car BornMarjorie Kinnanin 1896 in ment. Shebegan herwork in the driver." Washington, D.C., she graduated early 1960s bybringing attention to from the University ofWisconsinin what would become the Payne's Hamilton County 1918 with a B.A. degree in English. Prairie State Preserve. The preserve is The nextyear she married Charles now the lastprotected example ofthe A. Rawlings, Jr., and moved with Florida prairie that once stretched White Springs him to Rochester, NewYork, where across this part ofthe state. Stephen Foster State Folk she worked as a newspaper writer. Carr led the Florida Defenders ofthe Culture Center In 1928, Rawlings purchased an Environment during the 1970s and Off U.S. Highway41 orange grove inCross Creek, focused its efforts on stopping (904) 397-2733 Florida, where she and herhusband construction ofthe Cross-Florida This beautiful park on the Suwannee subsequently moved to restore the Barge Canal. In 1976 the barge canal River contains folklife memorabilia, farm to working condition. They was deauthorized and the museum displays, dioramas, and divorced in 1933, but Rawlings Ocklawaha River was restored to its musical instruments, as well as a 97- stayed in Cross Creek and in 1941 pristinebeauty, thanks largely to her bell carillon in a 200-foot-tall tower married NortonSanford Baskin, a perseverance and foresight. The thatplays medleys ofFoster's music restaurant and hotel operator. group was also instrumental in the at regular intervals. Each year the The rural atmosphere ofher Florida creation ofthe National Environmen- park is the site ofthe Florida Folk surroundings inspired Rawlings to tal PolicyActof 1980. Festival, which was founded by write fiction, including the novels Thelma Ann Boltin (1904-1992), Jacob's Ladder(1931), which was Columbia County Lillian Saunders (1893-1985), and originally published as a shortstory, others in 1952. The twowomen and South Moon Under(1933). She Lake City worked tirelessly to preserve folk also wrote a semi-autobiographical arts, crafts, and traditionswithinthe workentitled Cross Creek (1943). Florida Sports Hall of Fame and state. Rawlings isbestknown for The Museum of Florida Sports History Yearling (1938), the tale ofaboy, his 601 Hall of Fame Drive Duval County pet deer, and his sad passage to (904) 758-1310 madoutlitohnoopdi.ctIutrweaisn 1m9a4d6eanindtohaasbeen EsxohmiebiotfsFalnodrivdai'dseogrdeiastpwlaoymsehinghlight Jacksonville published inmore than 20 lan- athletes, including Babe Didrikson Community Club and Marker guages. Its popular and critical Zaharias (1911-1956), called the 12447 Mandarin Road success made herone ofthe most "Greatest WomanAthlete ofthe First (904) 268-1622 beloved ofAmerican authors. Halfof the 20th Century" by the In the 1870s and 1880s, Harriet Associated Press; Althea Gibson Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) and her (1927-present) who broke the color family wintered in Mandarin. Best barrier at Wimbledon in 1953 and known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, Stowe wrote Palmetto Leaves while living in inch bronze, to the museum. Savage Mandarin. It was published in 1873 was recognized in the New York art and describes Northeast Florida and community both as an artist and a its residents. In 1870, Stowe created teacher, and was part ofthe Harlem an integrated school in Mandarin for Renaissance. She is known forher children and adults. This was an portraitbusts offamous men and early step toward providing equal women, and for her images of education in the area and predated everyday people in the black the national movement toward community. The Cummer collection integrationby more than a half includes arts and artifacts from the century. The marker commemorating ancient world, as well as altarpieces, the Stowe family is located across the tapestries, porcelain, painting and street from the former site oftheir sculpture from the MiddleAges to cottage. It is on the property of the the 20th century. It contains one of Community Club, at the site ofa the world's largest collections of church where Stowe's husband once early Meissen Porcelain, featuring served as a minister. 700 pieces oftableware. The museum Tf CummerMuseum of Art & Gardens estate is surrounded by two and one- May Mann halfacres of formal English and 829 Riverside Avenue Italian gardens on the St. Johns River. (904) 356-6857 Jennings Nina M. H. Cummer (1875-1958) Doggett-Tucker House (private) was instrumental in developing and Conservationist/Activist 1548 LancasterTerrace nurturing the arts inJacksonville. She commissioned the Olmsted The Doggett-Tucker House is the One ofthe mostpowerful women childhood home of Carita Doggett in Florida history, May Mann Brothers firm to design Memorial Corse (1891-1978), daughter ofJudge Jennings (1872-1963) was a Park in Riverside and founded the and Mrs. John Locke Doggett. Corse conservationist and women's Garden Club ofJacksonville. Cummer isbest known as the is best remembered forher service as rights activist, who worked for founder ofthe Cummer Museum the Florida State Director ofthe educational reforms and improve- where visitors can see one of the few Federal Writers' Project, part of the ments in public welfare. Jennings Depression Era's Work Projects served as Florida's First Lady remaining works ofsculptor Augusta Fells Savage (1900-1962). Administration (WPA). From its when her husband William Cummer bequeathed one of inception in 1935, Corse served as Sherman Jennings was governor state director, where she vigorously from 1901 to 1905. As early as Savage's works. The Diving Boy, a 34- advocated African-American partici- 1905, she helped develop a strategy for acquiring the unpro- tected land which became Royal Palm Park and would laterbe part ofthe Everglades National Park. In 1914, she was elected president of the Florida Federation of Women's Clubs. Through the years other leadership, the Florida women's club network worked for the environment, child welfare, and much more. Club women across the state worked in campaign drives, lobbied legisla- tors, and appealed to the NatitMial Audubon SociolN and other organizations for assistance. pation in the collection and writing Clara White Mission ofFlorida history. During this time, 611-13 West Ashley Street shebecame a mentor to writer and (904) 354-4162 folklorist Zora Neale Hurston. As her The Clara White Mission is a memo- supervisor. Corse is credited with rial to the humanitarian activities of giving Hurston the leeway thather Clara English White (1845-1920), a artistic personality required, afford- former slave, and her adopted ing her the freedom to complete her daughter, Eartha Mary Magdalene novelMoses: Man oftheMountain. White (1876-1974). Clara Whitewas Born inJacksonville, Corse earned a a pioneer member ofthe Bethel Bachelor ofArts degree from Vassar Baptist Church. Her influence was College in 1913 and a Master ofArts continually felt throughout the degree from Columbia University in community as she devoted her life to 1916. The mother offour children, in helping those less fortunate. The 1943, Corsebecame the Florida State masonry vernacularbuildingwas Director ofthe newly created designed by noted architect Henry Planned Parenthood where she John Klutho to serve as a symbol of advocated for the right for women to hope for theneedy. Her daughter, control theirownbiological destiny. Eartha Mary Magdalene White, was In her letters, speeches and publica- also a humanitarian, educator and tions. Corse eloquently described publisher. Through her efforts, a Florida's rich heritage. She earned prison mission was formed. She distinction as a historian, writing Dr. founded the Eartha M. M. White Jessie Ball duPont Park Andrew TurnbuUand theNew Smyrna Nursing Home, whichspecialized in North bank of the St. Johns River Colony (1919) and Key to the Golden caring for the needy, and created a Jessie Ball duPont (1884-1970) and Islands (1931). Corse received an senior citizens' home forAfrican- her husband, Alfred, became winter honorary DoctorofLetters from the Americans. White donated land for residents ofJacksonville in 1927. The University ofthe South in 1932. She the city's first park forAfrican- duPonts andJessie'sbrother, Edward died inJacksonville in 1978 at the age American children and was twice Ball, had many business interests in of87. honored at White House receptions. Florida. She was personally involved White served as a lobbyist for in the Florida National Banks, the St. African-Americans with theJackson- Joe Paper Company, and the Florida ville City Commission and the East Coast Railway. Whenher Florida Legislature. husband died in 1935, shebecame the principal trustee ofhis estate. In his memory, she created three foundations, including one in Florida to assist the state's needy. When she died in 1970, her will established the Jessie Ball duPont Religious, Chari- table and Educational Fund. Kingsley Plantation Timucuan Ecological and Historical Preserve 11676 Palmetto Avenue Fort George Island (904) 251-3537 Anna MadgigineJai (1793-1870), a princess from Senegal, WestAfrica, was sold into slavery at the age of 13 to Zephaniah Kingsley, who she soon married. After thebirth oftheir third child in 1811, Anna Kingsley and her children were given theirmanumis-

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