Floriculture-I

144 Pages·2010·30.34 MB·English

Floriculture
Student Handbook
Class XI
Central Board of Secondary Education
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110301
Floriculture
Student Handbook
Class XI
Central Board of Secondary Education
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110301
Floriculture
Student Handbook
Class XI
Central Board of Secondary Education
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110301
Floriculture
Student Handbook, Class-XI
Price : ` 320.00
First Edition : February 2016, CBSE
Copies : 1000
Paper used : 80 GSM CBSE Watermark White Maplitho
"This book or part thereof may not be reproduced by
any person or agency in any manner."
Published by : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education,
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar,
Delhi-110301
Design, Layout & Printed by : Vijaylakshmi Printing Works Pvt. Ltd.,
B-117, Sector-5, Noida, Ph.: 0120-2421977, 2422312
Central Board of Secondary Education
ii iii
Floriculture
Student Handbook, Class-XI
Price :
First Edition : January 2016, CBSE
Copies : 1000
Paper used : 80 GSM CBSE Watermark White Maplitho
"This book or part thereof may not be reproduced by
any person or agency in any manner."
Published by : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education,
Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar,
Delhi-110301
Design, Layout & Printed by : Vijayalakshmi Printing Works Pvt. Ltd.,
B-117, Sector-5, Noida, Ph.: 0120-2421977, 2422312
Central Board of Secondary Education
ii iii
Preface
Floriculture or flower farming is an integral part of Horticulture which involves growing
of cut flowers, potted flowering and foliage plants, and bedding plants in greenhouses
and/or in fields. There are several thousand different species of flowers and plants
that are grown as commercial crops. About two decades back or so, the floriculture
was just a pastime for a few and hobby of flower lovers, but now it has opened a new
vista in agri-business i.e., commercial floriculture. Thus, taking into consideration the
different points i.e. bio-aesthetic planning, floral garden, indoor decoration, social
functions and religious functions the demand for floricultural plants is increasing day
by day and to meet out the same, there is a good scope for growing and raising of
Ornamental or Floricultural plants.
It is high time that school children should have knowledge about importance
and production of flower crops. Therefore, the vocational/professional course on
‘Floriculture’ for class XI has been introduced to equip the students with knowledge
and skills in the area of floriculture. This will provide information on various aspects of
floriculture viz., importance and scope of floriculture and landscaping, history of
gardening in India and styles and types of gardens, principles and elements of
landscape gardening, annual and perennial ornamental crops, principles and
methods of propagation and production of ornamental crops, commercial seed
production in flower crops etc.
The course would be very helpful for getting an exposure on flowers, which will further
motivate and encourage students to come up as entrepreneurs in the area of
floriculture and landscaping. This course is an effort to sensitize students in the field of
floriculture. Student will get an opportunity to choose a career in floriculture and they
may further pursue professional degree in this area. This course has been designed
to provide entry level job skills to students and will help to meet the human resource
requirement for floriculture and landscaping.
The Board acknowledges the contribution made by the team of experienced authors
in completing the manuscript. A special mention to the efforts of Dr. Rameshawar
Singh, Project Director (DKMA), Directorate of Knowledge Management in
Agriculture and Dr. Jagdeep Saxena, Editor, ICAR for their appropriate guidance to
complete the work on time.
Chairman, CBSE
iv v
Preface
Floriculture or flower farming is an integral part of Horticulture which involves growing
of cut flowers, potted flowering and foliage plants, and bedding plants in greenhouses
and/or in fields. There are several thousand different species of flowers and plants
that are grown as commercial crops. About two decades back or so, the floriculture
was just a pastime for a few and hobby of flower lovers, but now it has opened a new
vista in agri-business i.e., commercial floriculture. Thus, taking into consideration the
different points i.e. bio-aesthetic planning, floral garden, indoor decoration, social
functions and religious functions the demand for floricultural plants is increasing day
by day and to meet out the same, there is a good scope for growing and raising of
Ornamental or Floricultural plants.
It is high time that school children should have knowledge about importance
and production of flower crops. Therefore, the vocational/professional course on
‘Floriculture’ for class XI has been introduced to equip the students with knowledge
and skills in the area of floriculture. This will provide information on various aspects of
floriculture viz., importance and scope of floriculture and landscaping, history of
gardening in India and styles and types of gardens, principles and elements of
landscape gardening, annual and perennial ornamental crops, principles and
methods of propagation and production of ornamental crops, commercial seed
production in flower crops etc.
The course would be very helpful for getting an exposure on flowers, which will further
motivate and encourage students to come up as entrepreneurs in the area of
floriculture and landscaping. This course is an effort to sensitize students in the field of
floriculture. Student will get an opportunity to choose a career in floriculture and they
may further pursue professional degree in this area. This course has been designed
to provide entry level job skills to students and will help to meet the human resource
requirement for floriculture and landscaping.
The Board acknowledges the contribution made by the team of experienced authors
in completing the manuscript. A special mention to the efforts of Dr. Rameshawar
Singh, Project Director (DKMA), Directorate of Knowledge Management in
Agriculture and Dr. Jagdeep Saxena, Editor, ICAR for their appropriate guidance to
complete the work on time.
Chairman, CBSE
iv v
Contents
Acknowledgements
ADVISORS
1. Sh. Y. S. K. Seshu Kumar, Chairman, CBSE Chapter No. Name of the Chapter Pages
2. Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director General (ICAR), Krishi
1. Importance and Scope of Floriculture and Landscape Gardening 1
Bhavan, New Delhi
2. History of Gardening in India 8
3. Sh. K. K. Choudhury, Controller of Examinations & Director (V. E.), CBSE
3. Types and Styles of Gardens 13
4. Principles and Elements of Landscape Gardening 20
AUTHORS
5. Annual and Perennial Ornamentals 27
1. Dr. S.R. Dhiman, Professor, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,
Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan
6. Principles and Methods of Propagation of Ornamental Crops 34
(H.P.) - Convener
2. Dr. Namita, Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, IARI, 7. Commercial Seed Production in Flower Crops 47
New Delhi
8. Nutrition for Floricultural Crops 57
3. Dr. Sapna Panwar, Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, IARI,
New Delhi 9. Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Flower Crops 67
4. Dr. Madhu Bala, Floriculturist, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,
10. Protected Cultivation of Commercial Flower Crops 74
PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab
11. New Concepts of Landscape Gardening 91
12. Insect-Pests and Diseases of Commercial Flower Crops and their
EDITING & COORDINATION
Management 100
1. Dr. Biswajit Saha, Additional Director (V.E.), CBSE
13. Post Harvest Management of Flower Crops 113
14. Value Addition in Flower Crops 126
vi vii
Contents
Acknowledgements
ADVISORS
1. Sh. Y. S. K. Seshu Kumar, Chairman, CBSE Chapter No. Name of the Chapter Pages
2. Dr. S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director General (ICAR), Krishi
1. Importance and Scope of Floriculture and Landscape Gardening 1
Bhavan, New Delhi
2. History of Gardening in India 8
3. Sh. K. K. Choudhury, Controller of Examinations & Director (V. E.), CBSE
3. Types and Styles of Gardens 13
4. Principles and Elements of Landscape Gardening 20
AUTHORS
5. Annual and Perennial Ornamentals 27
1. Dr. S.R. Dhiman, Professor, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,
Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan
6. Principles and Methods of Propagation of Ornamental Crops 34
(H.P.) - Convener
2. Dr. Namita, Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, IARI, 7. Commercial Seed Production in Flower Crops 47
New Delhi
8. Nutrition for Floricultural Crops 57
3. Dr. Sapna Panwar, Scientist, Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, IARI,
New Delhi 9. Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Flower Crops 67
4. Dr. Madhu Bala, Floriculturist, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,
10. Protected Cultivation of Commercial Flower Crops 74
PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab
11. New Concepts of Landscape Gardening 91
12. Insect-Pests and Diseases of Commercial Flower Crops and their
EDITING & COORDINATION
Management 100
1. Dr. Biswajit Saha, Additional Director (V.E.), CBSE
13. Post Harvest Management of Flower Crops 113
14. Value Addition in Flower Crops 126
vi vii
Floriculture
Chapter 1
Importance and Scope of Floriculture and
Landscape Gardening
OBJECTIVES
After going through this chapter, students will be able to understand :
(cid:183)the importance and significance of floriculture and landscape gardening in India
(cid:183)the scope and prospects of floriculture and landscape gardening in India
INTRODUCTION
When we pay attention to floriculture then a number of questions comes in our mind. One of them is what
the importance and scope of floriculture. Floriculture has been part of Indian culture and is entwined in the
social fabric of our customs. A wide range of conducive agro climatic conditions across the country enable
India to cultivate a large number of flowers, potted plants, foliage and aromatic flowers almost throughout
the year in one part or the another. The gradual shift from sustenance agriculture to self-sufficiency in
agriculture brought about change in life styles and increased the per capita income, which fuelled the
growth of floriculture sector in the recent years. The floriculture industry in India is characterized by growing
traditional flowers (loose flowers) and cut flowers under open field conditions and protected environment
conditions, both. India also has a strong dry flower industry, which provides major contribution to the overall
trade. Other segments like; fillers, potted plants, seeds and planting material, turf grass industry and value
added products also contribute a share in the overall growth of the floriculture sector. The traditional flower
cultivation, comprising of growing loose flowers mostly for worship, garland making and decorations, forms
the backbone of Indian floriculture, which is mostly in the hands of small and marginal farmers.
NATIONAL SCENARIO
Indian floriculture is characterized by the cultivation of flowers that are basically suited for garland making,
worship and decoration. The Indian floriculture industry has been shifted from traditional loose flowers to
cut flowers for niche and export markets. India is one of the leading countries in floriculture with an area of
1.91 lakh ha producing 6903 million cut flowers and 10.31 lakh metric tonnes of loose flowers during 2010-
11 (Table 1).
Table 1 : Area and production of flower crops in India
Year Area (in Lakh ha) Production
Loose (in Lakh MT) Cut (Million Nos.)
2006-07 1.44 8.80 3717
2007-08 1.66 8.68 4365
2008-09 1.67 9.87 4794
2009-10 1.83 10.21 6667
2010-11 1.91 10.31 6903
The major loose flower growing states are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab,
Haryana, West Bengal, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, etc. The states like West Bengal,
1