Flora of Bhutan : including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Vol. 2. Pt. 3 PDF
Preview Flora of Bhutan : including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Vol. 2. Pt. 3
"' CCG. m R S O N & D. G. LONG ANIC GARDEN EDLNBURGH OF BHUTAN FLORA OF BHUTAN INCLUDING A RECORD OF PIANTS FROM SIIUUM AND DARJEEI,ING VOLUME 2 PART 3 A. J. C. GRIERSON & D. G. LONG EDITED BY L. S. SPRINGATE Illustrations bv M. Bates, Chen Yo-Jiun, C. Oliver, L. Olley, G. Rodrigurs & M. Tebbs ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN EDINBURGH ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN 200 1 This volu~nei s dedicated to the memory of Andrew J. C. Grierson (19 29-1 990) und Pauline Grierson (nke Shillubeer, 1927-1 996) Published by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK and the Royal Government of Bhutan 0R oyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Royal Govern~nento f Bhutan 2001 ISBN 1 87229 1 93 7 Typeset, printed and bound by The Charlesworth Group, Huddersfield. UK. 01484 517077 CONTENTS List of figures ........................................................................................................ iv Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1035 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... 1035 Abbreviations .................................................................................................... 1036 ANGIOSPERMAE continued 171. Solanaceae (R.R. Mill ) ............................................................................1 037 172. Buddlejaceae (S.J. Rae) ...........................................................................1 078 173. Scrophulariaceae (R.R. Mill ) ..................................................................1 082 174. Bignoniaceae (E. Aitken) .........................................................................1 236 175. Acanthaceae (J.R.I. Wood) ....................................................................1. 243 176. Pedaliaceae (E. Aitken) ...........................................................................1 293 177. Gesneriaceae (O.M. Hilliard ) .................................................................1. 296 178 . Orobanchaceae (S. J . Rae) ......................................................................1..3 30 179. Lentibulariaceae ( H.J. Noltie) ................................................................. 1334 1 80. Phrymaceae ( L.S. Springate) ................................................................... 1340 18 1 . Plantaginaceae ( L.S. Springate) ............................................................... 1341 182. Caprifoliaceae ( R.A. Clement). Loniwra (P.W. Meyer) ......................... 1343 182a. Carlemanniaceae (D.G. Long & J . Wright) ............................................ 1362 183. Valerianaceae (R.A. Clement) ...............................................................1. 363 1 84. Dipsacaceae ( R.A. Clement ) ..................................................................1. 368 185. Morinaceae (R.A. Clement) .................................................................... 1372 186. Campanulaceae ( R.A. Clement) .............................................................. 1375 187. Compositae ( A.J.C. Grierson & L.S. Springate) .....................................1 397 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 1633 Index of botanical names .................................................................................. 1642 Index of common names ................................................................................... 1672 Index of families in published parts of the Floru ............................................. 1674 FIGURES 90 . Solanaceae ................................................................................................. 1053 9 1 . Solanaceae ................................................................................................. 1069 92 . Solanaceae and Buddlejaceae .................................................................... 1075 93 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1089 94 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1115 95 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1127 96 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1139 97 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1153 98 . Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1181 99 . Scrophulariaceae ......................................................................................1.2. 07 100. Scrophulariaceae ........................................................................................ 1223 10 1 . Scrophulariaceae and Bignoniaceae .......................................................... 1237 102. Acanthaceae ............................................................................................1..2.4 9 103. Acanthaceae ............................................................................................... 1267 104. Acanthaceae ............................................................................................... 1269 105. Acanthaceae ............................................................................................... 1277 106. Pedaliaceae and Gesneriaceae ................................................................... 1295 107. Gesneriaceae .............................................................................................. 1307 108. Gesneriaceae ..........................................................................................1..3..2 5 109. Gesneriaceae and Orobanchaceae ...........................................................1..3 29 1 10. Lentibulariacae, Phrymaceae and Plantaginaceae ..................................... 1335 1 1 1 . Caprifoliaceae ............................................................................................ 1351 1 12. Caprifoliaceae ............................................................................................ 1361 1 13. Carlemanniaceae and Valerianaceae .......................................................... 1365 1 14 . Dipsacaceae, Morinaceae and Campanulaceae .........................................1 371 11 5. Campanulaceae .......................................................................................... 1381 11 6. Campanulaceae .......................................................................................... 1391 1 17. Compositae ................................................................................................ 1423 1 18 . Compositae: Mutisieae .............................................................................. 1425 1 19. Compositae: Cirsieae ................................................................................. 1429 120. Compositae: Lactuceae .............................................................................. 1455 12 1 . Compositae: Lactuceae .............................................................................. 1465 122. Compositae: Lactuceae .............................................................................. 1471 123. Compositae: Vernonieae ............................................................................ 1491 124. Compositae: Inuleae .................................................................................. 1493 125. Compositae: Plucheae and Gnaphalieae ................................................. 1509 126. Compositae: Gnaphalieae .......................................................................... 1513 127. Compositae: Calenduleae and Astereae .................................................... 1527 128. Compositae: Astereae ................................................................................ 1543 129. Compositae: Anthemideae ......................................................................... 1 553 130. Compositae: Anthemideae ......................................................................... 1557 13 1 . Compositae: Anthemideae ......................................................................... 1561 132. Compositae: Anthemideae ......................................................................... 1563 133. Compositae: Senecioneae ..........................................................................1 591 134 . Compositae: Senecioneae and Helenieae ................................................... 1595 135 . Compositae: Heliantheae ........................................................................... 1609 136. Compositae: Heliantheae ........................................................................... 1613 13 7 . Compositae: Eupatorieae and Cavea ........................................................ 1629 INTRODUCTION by David G. Long, Henry J. Noltie & Lawrence S. Springate This part of the Flora oJ'Bhufcin completes the treatment of the Dicotyledons and includes the important families Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Gesneriaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Compositae. The first drafts of many of the accounts were completed between 1990 and 1994. although funding for publication has only recently become available through the generous support of Danida. Consequently the early drafts (particularly Compositae, Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae) have undergone thorough review recently. Amongst these families the Compositae (also known as Asteraceae) are pre- eminent as the largest family of Dicotyledons, encompassing 126 genera and 372 species, outnumbered in the angiosperms only by two Monocotyledon families: Gramineae and Orchidaceae. Compositae was the special interest of the late Andrew Grierson, whose vision and enthusiasm had a major influence in the inauguration and running of the Floru of Bltutun from its beginning until his untimely death in 1990. This account of Compositae stands as a tribute to his enormous contribution. The Compositae is particularly well represented at high altitudes in the East Himalaya; it shows many strong links with the Tibetan flora, and for that reason does not show much endemism within the political boundaries of the Floru. Amongst other families, Scrophulariaceae is noteworthy as containing the largest single genus in the Flor-u of Bhuturz: Pediclr1tr.i.~.w ith 76 species represented. Many of these are local East Himalayan endemics. Several of the family accounts were contributed by the late Rose A. Clement (nee King) and these constitute her remaining posthumous publications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors of the F1oi.u qf Bkutori wish to acknowledge our deep gratitude to Danida, the Overseas Aid Division of the Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign AfEziirs, for the Flora of Bhutan Completion Project. The present volume is published under their auspices: this support has covered editing and printing costs and the preparation of illustrations. We are also pleased to acknowledge the continued interest and help of the Royal Government of Bhutan, in particu- lar the Minister of Agriculture, Lyonpo Dr Kinzang Wangdi and Yeshey Dorji of the National Biodiversity Programme. We also wish to thank the authors of accounts contained in this part. most of whom have had to put up with a very lengthy delay in publication of their work; this delay was due to constraints of funding for publication and we are grateful for their forbearance: Eona M. Aitken, Olive M. Hilliard, Paul W. Meyer. Robert R. Mill, Sally J. Rae. John R.I. Wood and Jenny Wright. Thanks are also due 1035 to the artists for the drawings they have contributed: Mary Bates, Chen Yo-Jiun, Christina Oliver, Louise Olley. Glenn Rodrigues and Margaret Tebbs. The Directors and Curators of the Herbaria at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Natural History Museum, London, have continued to provide facilities for study visits and many very large loans of specimens. Some interes- ting nineteenth-century collections were supplied by Manchester Museum. The staff of these organisations are also thanked for taxonomic advice and assistance, as are the following specialists for advice on particular groups: Charles Jeffrey (Compositae), Jan Kirschner (Tcrrcrscrcum), Valery Malecot (Vibu~.rzurna) nd Peter Taylor (Utriculor.icr). We also wish to thank Eona Aitken, Norma Gregory and Kim Howell for technical and editorial help with this part. As this part concludes both the treatment of Dicotyledons, and is also the final outstanding part of the Floru to be written at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, it is appropriate now to acknowledge those colleagues and friends in Britain, Bhutan and elsewhere who have contributed to the Flora ojBlzutan project over the years in many different ways, as collectors, contributors of revisions, referees, taxonomic and nomenclatural advisers, horticulturists and general enthusiasts for Himalayan plants and Bhutan. We are grateful to them for their continued support: Peter Baxter, Prof. Stephen Blackmore, Simon Bowes Lyon, B.L. Burtt, James Cullen, Lyonpo C. Dorji, Yeshey Dorji, Norma Gregory, Chris Grey-Wilson, D.M. Henderson, Prof. David Ingram, Roy Lancaster, Ron J.D. McBeath, Prof. David Mann, Robert R. Mill, Chris Parker, Tony Peers, Rebecca Pradhan, Sally J. Rae, Keith Rushforth, Tony Schilling, Ian W.J. Sinclair, Philippe de Spoelberch, W.T. Stearn, Sonam Tshering, Tandin Wangdi, Mark F. Watson and John R.I. Wood. We wish also to correct an earlier omission of acknowledgement to Prof. David Mabberley, for refereeing Andrew Grierson's account of Meliaceae in Volume 2 Part 1 ( 1991 ), which contained several previously unpublished observations and conclusions contributed by Prof. Mabberley in his review of the manuscript. ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations for languages and dialects of common names of plants used in this volume are: Dz: Dzongkha language ( W Bhutan and official language) Eng: English Med: Bhutanese medicinal name Nep: Nepali Sha: Shachop dialect (E Bhutan) For other abbreviations, e.g. botanical authorities, users are referred to Volume 1 Part 1, p. 34.
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