flora of amar singh college campus, srinagar (kashmir) PDF
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FLORA OF AMAR SINGH COLLEGE CAMPUS, SRINAGAR (KASHMIR), INDIA B. L. Bhellum TMKARPIŃSKI PUBLISHER Poznań, Poland, 2016 FLORA OF AMAR SINGH COLLEGE CAMPUS, SRINAGAR (KASHMIR), INDIA B. L. Bhellum TMKARPIŃSKI PUBLISHER Poznań, Poland, 2016 2 Dr. B. L. Bhellum Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Parade, Jammu-180 001, J & K, India Cover Photo https://www.flickr.com/photos/tanaka_juuyoh/5806716341/ – photo by TANAKA Juuyoh (田中十洋) Creative Commons Licence - Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) Copyright: © B. L. Bhellum 2016. Licensee: Tomasz M. Karpiński. This is an open access monography licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. First Edition ISBN 978-83-935724-8-9 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.168595 Publisher Tomasz M. Karpiński Poznań, Poland e-mail: [email protected] www.books.tmkarpinski.com www.tmkarpinski.com 3 Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. 14 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 15 MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................................................ 17 FLORISTIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 17 DIAGNOSTIC KEYS, ENUMERATION AND TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION .......................... 19 1. RANUNCULACEAE ................................................................................................................... 24 AQUILEGIA L. .............................................................................................................................. 24 CERATOCEPHALUS Moench. ..................................................................................................... 25 CLEMATIS L. ................................................................................................................................ 25 RANUNCULUS L. ......................................................................................................................... 26 2. MAGNOLIACEAE ....................................................................................................................... 28 MAGNOLIA L. ............................................................................................................................... 28 3. PAEONIACEAE ........................................................................................................................... 29 PAEONIA L. .................................................................................................................................. 29 4. BERBERIDACEAE ...................................................................................................................... 29 BERBERIS L. ................................................................................................................................. 29 5. PAPAVERACEAE ....................................................................................................................... 30 PAPAVER L. .................................................................................................................................. 30 6. FUMARIACEAE .......................................................................................................................... 30 FUMARIA L. ................................................................................................................................. 30 7. BRASSICACEAE ......................................................................................................................... 31 ALLIARIA Scop. ............................................................................................................................ 31 ARABIDOPSIS Heynh. .................................................................................................................. 32 ARABIS L. ...................................................................................................................................... 33 CAPSELLA Medik. ........................................................................................................................ 33 CARDAMINE L. ............................................................................................................................ 34 4 CORONOPUS Zinn. ...................................................................................................................... 35 DESCURAINIA Webb. et Berthel. ................................................................................................. 35 ERUCASTRUM ............................................................................................................................. 36 LEPIDIUM L. ................................................................................................................................ 36 LOBULARIA Desv. ........................................................................................................................ 37 RORIPPA Scop. ............................................................................................................................. 37 SISYMBRIUM L. ........................................................................................................................... 38 8. CLEOMACEAE ............................................................................................................................ 40 9. VIOLACEAE ................................................................................................................................ 40 VIOLA L. ....................................................................................................................................... 40 10. CARYOPHYLLACEAE ............................................................................................................. 41 ARENARIA L. ................................................................................................................................ 41 CERASTIUM L. ............................................................................................................................. 42 MYOSOTON Moench. ................................................................................................................... 43 SAGINA L. ..................................................................................................................................... 43 STELLARIA L. ............................................................................................................................... 43 11. PORTULACACEAE ................................................................................................................... 44 PORTULACCA L. ......................................................................................................................... 44 12. TAMARICACEAE ..................................................................................................................... 44 TAMARIX L. .................................................................................................................................. 44 13. HYPERICACEAE ....................................................................................................................... 45 HYPERICUM L. ............................................................................................................................ 45 14. MALVACEAE ............................................................................................................................ 45 HIBISCUS L. ................................................................................................................................. 45 LAVATRA L. .................................................................................................................................. 46 MALVA L. ...................................................................................................................................... 47 MALVASTRUM A. Gray, nom Cons. ............................................................................................. 48 15. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE ................................................................................................................ 48 TRIBULUS L. ................................................................................................................................ 48 5 16. GERANIACEAE ......................................................................................................................... 49 ERODIUM L.’ Hér. ex Aiton ......................................................................................................... 49 GERANIUM L. .............................................................................................................................. 49 17. BALSAMIACEAE ...................................................................................................................... 51 IMPATIENS L. ............................................................................................................................... 51 18. OXALIDACEAE ........................................................................................................................ 52 OXALIS L. ..................................................................................................................................... 52 19. SIMAROUBACEAE ................................................................................................................... 52 AILANTHUS Desf. ......................................................................................................................... 52 20. CELASTRACEAE ...................................................................................................................... 53 EUONYMUS L. ............................................................................................................................. 53 21. MELIACEAE .............................................................................................................................. 53 MELIA L. ....................................................................................................................................... 53 22. RHAMNACEAE ......................................................................................................................... 53 RHAMNUS Juss. ........................................................................................................................... 53 23. VITACEAE ................................................................................................................................. 54 CAYRATIA (Baker) Suess. ............................................................................................................. 54 PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. ........................................................................................................ 54 24. ACERACEAE ............................................................................................................................. 55 ACER L. ......................................................................................................................................... 55 25. SAPINDACEAE ......................................................................................................................... 56 CARDIOSPEMUM L. .................................................................................................................... 56 26. HIPPOCASTANACEAE ............................................................................................................ 56 AESCULUS L. ............................................................................................................................... 56 27. FABACEAE ................................................................................................................................ 57 LATHYRUS L. ............................................................................................................................... 57 LESPEDEZA Michz. ...................................................................................................................... 58 LOTUS L........................................................................................................................................ 58 MEDICAGO L. .............................................................................................................................. 59 6 MELILOTUS Mill. ......................................................................................................................... 60 ROBINIA L. ................................................................................................................................... 61 TRIFOLIUM L. .............................................................................................................................. 62 TRIGONELLA L. ........................................................................................................................... 63 VICIA L.......................................................................................................................................... 65 28. ROSACEAE ................................................................................................................................ 66 CRATAEGUS L. ............................................................................................................................ 66 FRAGARIA L. ................................................................................................................................ 66 GEUM L. ....................................................................................................................................... 67 POTENTILLA L. ............................................................................................................................ 67 RUBUS L. ...................................................................................................................................... 68 SIBBALDIA L. ............................................................................................................................... 69 29. SAXIFRAGACEAE .................................................................................................................... 69 BERGENIA Moench. ..................................................................................................................... 69 30. ONAGRACEAE ......................................................................................................................... 70 EPILOBIUM L. ............................................................................................................................. 70 OENOTHERA L. ........................................................................................................................... 71 31. ARALIACEAE ........................................................................................................................... 71 HEDERA L. ................................................................................................................................... 71 32. APIACEAE ................................................................................................................................. 72 CHAEROPHYLLUM L. ................................................................................................................. 72 CONIUM L. ................................................................................................................................... 72 DAUCUS L. ................................................................................................................................... 73 SCANDIX L. .................................................................................................................................. 73 SIUM L. ......................................................................................................................................... 73 TORILIS Adans. ............................................................................................................................. 74 33. CAPRIFOLIACEAE ................................................................................................................... 74 LONICERA L. ................................................................................................................................ 74 VIBURNUM L. .............................................................................................................................. 75 7 WEIGELA Thunb. .......................................................................................................................... 75 34. VALERIANACEAE ................................................................................................................... 75 VALERIANA L. .............................................................................................................................. 75 35. RUBIACEAE .............................................................................................................................. 76 GALIUM L. .................................................................................................................................... 76 RUBIA L. ....................................................................................................................................... 77 36. ASTERACEAE ........................................................................................................................... 77 ACHILLEA L. ................................................................................................................................ 79 AGERATUM L. .............................................................................................................................. 80 ARCTIUM L. ................................................................................................................................. 80 ARTEMISIA L. ............................................................................................................................... 80 BELLIS L. ...................................................................................................................................... 81 BIDENS L. ..................................................................................................................................... 81 CALENDULA L. ............................................................................................................................ 82 CARDUUS L. ................................................................................................................................. 83 CARPESIUM L. ............................................................................................................................. 83 CENTAUREA L. ............................................................................................................................ 83 CICHORIUM L. ............................................................................................................................ 84 CIRCIUM Mill. .............................................................................................................................. 85 CONYZA Less. ............................................................................................................................... 85 COTULA L. ................................................................................................................................... 87 COUSENIA Cass. .......................................................................................................................... 87 ECLIPTA L. ................................................................................................................................... 87 GALINSOGA Ruiz & Pav. ............................................................................................................. 88 HELIANTHUS L. ........................................................................................................................... 88 LACTUCA L. ................................................................................................................................. 89 MATRICARIA L. ............................................................................................................................ 90 SENECIO L. .................................................................................................................................. 90 SIEGESBECKIA L. ........................................................................................................................ 91 8
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