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Flora da ReservaDucke,Amazonas,Brasil: Erythroxylaceae Ghillean T Prance1 Schulz,O.E. 1907.Erythroxylaceae.In:A.Engler(ed.).DasPflanzenreich4(134): 1-176. Plowman,T. 1989.Erythroxylaceae.In:GHarling&L.Andersson(eds.).FloraofEcuador36:1-32. Shrubs and smaü trees. Leaves The family is closely related to the altemate, glabrous, entire, petiolate. Stipules Linaceae and the Humiriaceae. present, often large and persistent on twigs or caducous.Flowershermaphrodite,bomcsolitary 1. Erythroxylum orin axillary fascicles, arising from the axils of small scarious bracteoles, pedicellate, Erythroxylum P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. actinomorphic,oftenheterostylous.Calyxlobes Jamaica 1: 278. 1756. 5, valvate. Petals 5, free, altemate with sepals, Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Twigs imbricate in bud, usually with appendages on compressed at apex and often bearing adaxial surface. Stamens 10, United at base to persistent, distichous, imbricated cataphylls forniashorttube;antherslongitudinallydehiscent. and foliar stipules. Stipules intrapetiolar, Ovary superior, 3(-2) locular, usually withonly bicarinate, often setulose at apex, persistent one locule developing, one ovule per loculus, or caducous. Leaves entire, petiolate. pendulous, epitropous; styles 3—(2) free or Flowerssmall, solitaryorin fascicles,arising connateatbase;stigmascapitate. Fruitofsmall from axils of persistent, small, scarious, one-seededdrupes, withorwithoutendosperm. cymbiform bracteoles, pedicellate, Thefamilyconsistsof4generaandabout actinomorphic, heterostylous (and rarely 260 species. Three genera are confined to unisexual). Petalswithappendagesonadaxial tropical África and Erythroxylum with 250 surface and with a 2-lobed ligule. Stamens , species,occursin theNeotropics, África,Asia 10, borne in two whorls of 5, the outermost and Australia. Three species ofErythroxylum alternatingwiththepetals,thefilamentsuniled are known to occur in the Reserva Ducke. at base to form a short tube which surrounds The family is best known forthe species theovary. Ovary3-Iocular, butwiththesingle Erythroxylum coca Lam., the source of ovule in only one loculus, pendulous, cocaine. This is mainly a highland species of anatropous,epitropous; styles3,freeorpartly the Andean montane forest, but the lowland connate at base; stigmas capitate. Fruit a variety ipacltt iscultivatedbytribes inwestern small, fleshy, single-seededdrupe. Amazônia. Type species; Erythroxylum areolatum L. Key to the species of Erythroxylum in Reserva Ducke mm Stipules8-30 long,taperingtoalongpoint,usuallypersistent. 1. 2. Leaf laminas 15-26cm long, stipules caducous and not fraying; calyx 4-6 mm long, the marginsoflobesovcrlappingortouchingatanthesis 2. E. macrophyllum 2. Leaf laminas 5.5-13 cm long, stipules persistent, becoming fraycd and paleaceous; calyx mm 2 long,themarginsoflobesnottouchingoroverlapping 3. E. mucronatum mm 1. Stipulesobtuse, 3-5 long,caducous 1. E. citrifolium 'RoyalBotanicGardcns,Kew,Richmond,Surrey,TW3AB,UK. SciELO/JBRJ 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 190 G Prance, T. 1.1 Erythroxylum citrifolium A. St.-Hil., Fl. I.2 Erythroxylum macrophyllum Cav., bras. Mer.: 94. 1829. Diss.: 401, t. 227. 1789. Erythroxylum acutifolium Steud. ex Erythroxylumfloribundum Mart., Beitr. Peyr., in Mart. Fl. bras. 12(1): 164. 1878. Erythroxylon: 118. 1840. Erythroxylum micranthum Bong. ex Erythroxylum amplurn Benth., London Peyr., in Mart. Fl. bras. 12(1): J. Bot. 2: 372. 1843. Erythroxylum paraensis Peyr., in Mart. Erythroxylum fdipes Huber, Boi. Mus. Fl. bras. 12(1): 164. 1878. Goeldi5:415. 109. Erythroxylum duckei Huber, Boi. Mus. Shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; twigs Goeldi5:416. 1909. with greyish bark. Cataphylls4-10, scattered Erythroxylum micranthum Bong. ex atbaseofnew shoots similartostipules. Leaf Peyr.,SihnruMabrto.r tFrl.eebrtaos.151m2(1t)a:ll;1t6w4i.gs18s7m8o.oth, l1a2micnma,saocbulomnignattoeobaltonag-peelxl,iptthiec,a1c5u—m2e0nx55-— withdarkreddishtogrey-brownbark.Cataphylls 10 mm long, cuneate at base, coriaceous, 5-7, scattered atbase ofshoots, caducous. Leaf glabrousonbothsurfaces,dryingferrugineous laminas oblong-elliptic 7-14 x 2.5-4.5 cm, acuminate at apex, the acumen 2-10mm long, beneath;midribprominulousabove,prominent beneath,secondarynervesprominulousonboth subcuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous on surfaces; petioles 8—12 mm long. Stipules 8- bothsurfaces;midribprominentonbothsurfaces, 20 mm long, lanceolate, tapered at apex to an thesecondarynervesobscureabove,prominulous beneath;petioles4-6mmlong.Stipules3-5 mm acutepoint,often2—3 setulose,longitudinally striate, scarious-membranaceous. Bracteoles long,oblong-lanceolate,membranaceous,densely persistent, 2-3 mm long, striate-nerved, longitudinallystriate-nerved,caducous.Bracteoles mm acuminate, 1-setulose. Flowers hermaphrodite, 0on.bu5tm-eu2rsoeusatinloaaxnpigel,xs.olifglFhetlalovyewssetorrriscaatteha-enpehrrymvlaeldps,hornaocmduatftetuero,er npeumdmiemcrelosus4—i1n2amximls loofngl,ea5v-ersibboerd.caCtaaplhyyxll4s—; twigs;pedicels3-5 mmlong,5-ribbed.Calyxca. 6 long, the lobes ovate to oblong-ovate, mm abruptlyacuminateatapex. Staminaltubeless 1.5 long, the lobes triangular to ovate- •than halflength ofcalyx-lobes. Drupe 10—1 claanlcyexolloabtees.,S±ta1mminmallotnugb,efüVaimaesntlson±g2t.o5emqumallloinngg. x 4.5-5.5 mm, red. Drupe7-13mmlong,oblong,4-5mmdiam.,red. Type:AStoupys.n.,FrenchGuiana(holotype,MA). Type: St. Hilaire 755,Brazil,Goiás,VillaBoa, widespread species from México to fl (holotype, P; isotypes, MPU P). Bolivia and throughout the Guianas and A Amazônia. widespread species from Nicaragua andPanamato Southeastem Brazil also in the D1.5 X215.019(95IN(PfrA)AKssuMnçGão,MPOA.NCY.RLB&SSoPuzaU,MU.B)A;. Guianas, Peru and Ecuador. S(2ICo8.IN.tNAPhI.PeAXrA.eKstK1,a9MlM.9CB.57G9M(Af6.Ml)S(&OSPIoFAtNPNhUeYerIEreNsRCi,PrBaUAC,SS.K)PAE;..MU22&CO.U.1B1PN.)6e;1r9Y9e36i9R.r6(XBa1(B,1fS.rME)P.1S9GUoC9t.5hUIe5B(rA8)fsrN4.,) a(6M(1lI9I5.GN.3N1PX0P5NAI6A)1IY.;2)(K1I;(19N9I9M1P.5N51AO..P)()1XAb;9;Ud9K8.).01A1XM89s(If.s91GrX.u5)In1GN(Iç9ebY.ãn9d1)ot)49;,rA7y(s2P5f,ls9)AAu.(..HfnXroçIH)Cpã...ko1C&i,Lo9nNê7Psel26.,lh9(Aos7fM.,lo.)(CnUID.,Js..NLBbPG.o72Aa93WeK.8.3t Rodriguésia 57 (2): 189-191. 2006 SciELO/JBRJ 2 13 14 FloradaReservaDucke:Erythroxylaceae 191 P. 855(INPA);28.XI.1994(fl)Nascimento,J. R.& beneath;secondarynervesprominulousonboth Silva, C. F.668(GIANINPAKNYRBSPUUFMT surfaces; petioles 2-5 mm long. Stipules 10- US); 13.XII.1963 (fl) Rodrigues, W. & Coelho, D. 30 mm long, persistent, lanceolate, tapered to & 5601 (INPA);3.1.1964(fl)Rodrigues, W. Monteiro, apex to an acute point, usually 3-setulose, the & O.P. 5656(INPA);27.III.1995(fr)Sothers, C.A. setaefinelyfilamentous,longitudinallystriate, AV.ic&entPienri,eiAr.a.37E2. (C.IN6P2A6);(1B2M.XG.1I9N95PA(fKr)SMotBheMrsM, CG. s2.c5armimoulso-nmge,mabcruamniancaetoeuast.apBerxa,ct1e-oselteuslos1e-, SPFUECUS); 15.1.1996(ff)Sothers&,C.A. 724(INPA striate-nerved. Flowers hermaphrodite, CKV.i)c;Le.2nt11i.n0Xi4I,8.A1(.9B9eGt7aH(lf.lI)8AS5oN6thI(erNCsPO,ALCK.FUAI.ENCP)AA;sKs8u.MnIIçB.ã1oM9,95PM.(fAGl.) pneudmiecrelosus2-i5n maxmilsloonfg,le5a-vreisbboerd.caCtaalpyhxyllcsa.; NYSPFUBVEN); 18.IX.1995 (fl) Vicentini,A. & 2 mm long, the lobes narrowly triangular to Silva. C. F. 1030(BM INPAK). ovate, acuminate at apex. Staminal tube V2-3á as long as calyx lobes. Drupe 12-14 x 4- 1.3 Erythroxylum mucronatum Benth., 5 mm, red when mature, when immature LondonJ. Bot. 2: 372. 1843. dryingsubclavate. Erythroxylum kirkianum O. E. Schulz, Type: Schomburgk 766, Guyana, Potaro River, fl Fedde’s Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: (holotype,K;isotypes,BMCGEKNYPW). 179. 1932. Awidespread speciesfromColombiato Erythroxylum albertianum Kuhlmann & the Guianas, Amazónia, Peru, Ecuador, Rodrigues, Publ. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. Bot. Bolivia. 5:3. 1957. 29.IX.1995(fDStfí/iery,C.A.etal.5<S9(COLFINPA Shrub or small tree to 15 m tall; twigs K MG PUEFR UFMTVEN V1C); 6.XII.1995 (fr) with reddish brown or dark brown bark. SIoNtPheArKs,MCB. MA.U&BPUeEreCirUaS,);E.5.CV..1699955((frB)MVicGentIiAniN, Cataphylls 4-5, scattered at base of shoots, A. etal. 949(IANINPAKMONYRBSPUUEC); similartostipules.Lcaflaminasclliptictooblong- 6.IX.1995(11) Vicentini,A.etal. 1023(IANINPAK ealpleixpt,ict,h5e.a5c-u13mexn28--51c2m,mmfinelloynga,cucmunienaattee aatt M6OSilNvaY, CR.BF.S1P0U29U(BG);IN1P8.AIXK.M19B95M(fMl)GViUceEntCiniU,S)A.; base, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both 18.X.1995(fl) Vicentini,A. 8cSilva, C. F. 1087(BM surfaces;midribprominulousabove,prominent INPAKMGSPF). Rodriguésia 57 (2): 189-191. 2006 iSciELO/ JBRJ 12 13 14 15 16 17