Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands

190 Pages·1999·12.798 MB·English

by  C Bas, M.E. Noordeloos, Th.W. Kuyper, E.C. Vellinga

FLORA AGARICINA NEERLANDICA
Critical monographs on[amilies ofagarics and boleti occurring
in the Netherlands
Editedby
C.BAS, TH.WKUYPER, M.E.NOORDELOOS & E.C.VELLINGA
with assistanceof
R.VAN CREVEL & IVAN OS (illustrations)
VOLUME 4
A Generalpart
R Taxonomie part
Strophariaeeae, Trieholomataeeae (3)
A.A. BALKEMA / ROTTERDAM / BROOKFIELD / 1999
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Contents
A. General part
1.Seope, methods and presentation by C.Bas 3
2. Glossary by E.C. Vellinga& M.E. Noordeloos 6
3. Abbreviations of authors' names by E.e. Vellinga & M.E. Noordeloos 13
4.Bibliographie abbreviations by M.E. Noordeloos & E.e. Vellinga 18
B. Taxonomie part
Family Strophariaeeae by M.E. Noordeloos 27
Key to the genera 27
1.Genus Psilocybe '" 28
2. Genus Pholiota 80
Family Trieholomataeeae 107
TribusTrieholomateae 107
3. Genus Tricholoma by M.E. Noordeloos & M. Christensen 107
4.Genus Porpoloma by E. Amolds & M.E. Noordeloos 149
5. Genus Tricholomopsis by T. Boekhout & M.E. Noordeloos 151
6. Genus Melanoleuca by T. Boekhout. 153
Tribus Xeruleae 165
7. Genus Baeospora by E.C. Velllinga 165
8. Genus Hydropus by C. Bas 166
9. Genus Megacollybia by T. Boekhout 172
la. Genus Mycenella by T. Boekhout.. 173
11.Genus Oudemansiella by T. Boekhout 177
12.Genus Strobilurus by M.E. Noordeloos 178
13.Genus Xerula by T. Boekhout. 181
Index .
Index to the genera in volumes 1-4 .
v
A
General part
CHAPTER 1
Scope, methods and presentation
C. BAS
Scope and outside the NetherIands, are given but distribution maps are not
The 'Flora agaricina neerlandica' contains keys to, correct names of, included.
concise synonymies for, descriptionsand illustrationsof, and distribu Only in the cases of very rare species (five or fewer localities
tional data on agarics and boleti (Agaricales sensu lato and Russu known intheNetherlands)are individuallocalitiesenumerated.
laIes) occurring in the NetherIands. For practical reasons, the genera Frequency classes (extremely rare, very rare, rare, rather rare,
ofso-called cyphelloidfungi areexcluded. moderatelycornmon, rather common,common, very common) are es
Extralirnital taxa of which occurrence in the NctherIands can be timated from the number ofcollections from the NetherIands studied
expected on account oftheir ecology and/or geographical distribution andthenumber ofreliablerefereneesinliterature.
are included in the keys, whereas a concise synonymy, references to A guidance for the estimation ofthe frequency classes is found in
selected descriptions and illustrations, and a short diagnostic descrip Arnolds etal.(Overzicht van depaddestoelen in NederIand. 1995, re
tion aregiven inthetextual part. Forvarious reasons anumberoftaxa print 1999) and is basec on numbers ofquadrants of5 x 5 krn2 on
less likely to be encountered in the NetherIands are included only in topographiemaps inwhich thetaxahave been found.
the keys merely with theirauthorcitationand one reference to the lit extremelyrare: 1-2quadrants.
erature. very rare:3-6quadrants.
Fungi that spontantously establish themselves in the Netherlands rare: 7-17quadrants.
after human intervention (c.g. mycorrhizal symbionts of the intro ratherrare: 18-47quadrants.
duced Larix species as Suil/us grevil/ei) are considered indigenous. moderatelycommon: 48-113quadrants.
Hothouse fungi are not treatedexcept sorne species ofLeucocoprinus rathercommon: 114-246quadrants.
frequently found in flowerpots in houses. A strongly simplified map common:247-426quadrants.
oftheNetherlandsisgiven inFigure 1. very common: more than426 quadrants.
lntroductorychapters Illustrations
For chapters onthe history ofagaricology inthe Netherlands, ecology AlIspecies are illustrated by line-drawingsofbasidiocarps, sporesand
and distribution ofagarics and boleti in the Netherlands, specifie and cystidia (ifpresent), if necessary complementedby drawings ofother
infraspecificdelimination,generic concepts,ordersand families ofthe microscopicalcharacters. The magnificationsofthesedrawingsare:
agaricsandboleti, and nomenclature the reader isreferred to Chapters basidiocarpsx 1(unlcss indicated otherwise)
1-6inVolume 1ofthisflora. spores x 1500
cystidiaandbasidia x 1000(unless indicatedotherwise)
Descriptions tissues x500(unless indicated otherwise).
In principle all descriptions are based on observations referring to Widely dotted areas indicate the presence ofa gelatinous substance.
material from the NetherIands. In cases where this material is not For the abbreviations uscd inthe illustrations, see the list ofabbrevia
representative, howevcr, observationson other collections from north tions attheendofthischapter.
western Europe are sometimes included. Collections revised for this
flora havebeen markedwith special labels added tothem. Formulae
If authentic observations, particularIy on macroscopic characters For formulae ofchernical reagents and stains, the reader isreferred to
are lacking, data are taken from literature, but this is then explicitly current mycological litcrature (e.g. Kühner & Romagnesi, FI. anal.
indicatedwithreferencetothesources ofinformation. Champ. sup., 1953; Moser, Rôhrlinge-Blâtterpilze, 5. Aufl., 1983;
Spore print colours are preferably recorded with colourcode nota Singer, Agaricales modo Taxon., Ed.4, 1986).
tions. Unfortunately such precise records are still lacking for many
taxa. Colourindications withoutquotation marks have becn extracted Nomenclature
from the field-notes ofthe collections studied; those betwecn quota ln nomcnclatural matters, close adherence to the latest edition ofthe
tion marks are taken from literature orarebased on generalconsensus. 'International Code ofBotanical Nomenclature' is aimed al. For the
Sizes ofspores are measured intenths ofa um but rounded offto procedures followcd incases inwhich the Code is not perfectly clear,
halves ofum. Sizes ofbasidia, cystidia, and other microscopical cle particularIy in connection with sanctioned names, see Vol. 1, Chap
ments are measured and given in um, unless they are narrower or ter6.
smallcrthan 10urn, inwhichcasethey aretreatedasthespores. Synonymy is not complete, but restricted to synonyms that have
appeared in modem rnonographs, well-known floras, Dutch myco
Ecologicalanddistributionaldata logical literaturc, and popular books with a wide distribution. A simi
Extensive notes on ecology and geographical distribution both within larselectionismade fromthe misappliedand excludednames.
3
4 FLORAAGARICINANEERLANDICA
notlumeroog
........-f"
SChierm~nnlkO..
Ameland
~.-
_--..~
2
8
o
o
~
Fig. 1.TopographicalmapoftheNetherlands(1-12: provinces; 1= Groningen,2= Friesland, 3= Drenthe, 4= Overijssel,5= Flevoland,
6= Gelderland,7= Utrecht, 8= Noord-Holland,9= Zuid-Holland, 10= Zeeland, 11= Noord-Brabant, 12= Limburg.
SCOPE, METHODSAND PRESENTATlO'/(hw) 5
Names ofpteridophytes and phanerogams mentioned are inaccor Dr.T. Boekhout,Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures,YeastDivi
dance with HeukelsNan der Meiden (1996), Flora van Nederland, sion, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands. E-mail:
22th ed.,Groningen. [email protected]!ft.nl.
Mag. M.Christensen, UniversityofAarhus, Dept. ofSystematic Bot
Newnamesandnewtaxa any, Nordlandsvej 68, OK-8240, Risskov, Denmark. E-mail:
New names found to be required and new taxa discovered in the [email protected].
courseoftheinvestigationscarriedout forthis flora, are notpublished Dr.Th.W. Kuyper, Agricultural University, Section Soil Biology and
in the flora itself, but in a series ofseparate notes titled 'Notulae ad Plant Feeding, Dreijcnplcin 10,NL 6700 EC Wageningen, Neth
Floram agaricinam neerlandicam' appearing in the journal Persoonia. erlands. E-mail: [email protected].
ln these Notulae the more lengthy discussions on taxonomie and no Dr. M.E. Noordeloos, National Herbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA
menclatural problemsarealso placed. Leiden, Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected].
Ors. E.C. Vellinga, National Herbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA
Addressesoftheauthors and editors Leiden, Netherlands, E-mail: [email protected]. Present
Dr. EJ.M. Arnolds, Holthe 21,9411 TN Beilen, Netherlands. address: University ofCalifomia at Berkeley, Dept. ofPlant and
Dr. C. Bas, National Herbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, Microbial Biology, BrunsLab, III Koshland Hall-3102, Berkeley,
Netherlands.E-mail: [email protected]. CA94720-3102,USA.
LISTOFABBREVIATIONSINTEXTANDDRAWINGS
ad int.- adinterim Mu.- Munsell sail colorcharts
auct. - auctores (=authors) nom.conserv.- nomen conservandum
auct.eur.- auctoreseuropaei(= Europeanauthors) nom.nud. - nomen nudum
auct, neerl. - auctoresneerlandici(= Dutch authors) notval.publ. - not validly published
Aug. - August Nov.- November
av.- average Oct.- October
cc- caulocystidia p.p.- pro parte
cf.- confer(=compare) p.p.maj. - pro parte majore (= forthegreaterpart)
ch- cheilocystidia p.p. min.- pro parte minore (fortheminorpart)
Dec.- Oecember pl- pleurocystidia
descr. - description pl.- plate
diagn. - diagnosis pp- pileipellisorclementsofpileipellis
dpt. - département provo- province
emend.- emendatus(= corrected) Romagn. - Romagnesi, LesRussulesd'Europe(colourchart)
etal.- etalii Q- quotientoflength andwidth orbreadth
excl. - excluded Qav- averagequotien:
f.- forma s.l.- sensu lato(= inawide sense)
Feb.- February sect.- section
Fig., fig.- Figure, figure sel.- selected
Figs., figs.- Figures, figures sensuauct. maj. - sensu auctoresmajores
iIIegit.- iIIegitimate Sept.- September
Jan. - January s.str.- sensu stricto (=inarcstrictedsense)
K.& W.- Kornerup,A.& Wanscher, J.H., Methuenhandbookof subgen. - subgenus
colour;Farverifarver. subsect. - subsection
1= - numberoflamellulaebetweentwo lamellae subsp.- subspecics
L=- numberoflamellae subvar. - subvariety
lit.- literature trib.- tribus
loc.cit.- lococitato(= inthe passagealreadyquoted) var.- variety
misappl.- misapplied vern.- vernacular
CHAPTER 2
Glossary
E.C. VELLINGA& M.E. NOORDELOOS
abruptpapilla- (on pileus)(Vol. l,Fig. 29.30). basidiocarp- fruitbody producingsporesonbasidia.
abruptlybulbous- (baseofstipe)(Vol. l,Fig. 31.18). basidiole- immaturebasidium.
acanthocyte- globose,spiny elementproducedon the basalmycelium bilateral-see divergent.
ofsorne Strophariaceae. binding hyphae - branching, rarely septate, thick-walled, narrow hy
acrophysalidic - (tissue) consisting of connective hyphae and abun phae bindingtheothcrclementsofatissuetogether.
dant,large,terminal,inflatedelements('acrophysalides'). binucleate- with two nuclei.
acuminate - (cystidia) tapering from inwardly curved sides off to a bivelangiocarpy - a type of angiocarpic development of the basidio
point(Vol. i, Fig. 34.39). carp inwhichpartial and universalveil participate.
acute - (cystidia) tapering off to a sharp point (Vol. l, Fig. 34.40); breadth- (ofspore) larges! distance between sides as seen from fron-
- (sporeapex) pointed(Vol. l, Fig. 33.30). talview (Vol. l, Fig. 32.2).
acutepapilla- (on pileus)(Vol. l,Fig. 29.31). brevipes-type- seeurticiforrn.
adnate- (larnellae) broadly attached to stipe (Vol. l, Fig. 30.21), see broadlyclavate - (cys.idia)c1avatewith Q< 1.5(Vol. l,Fig. 34.14).
also narrowlyadnate. broadly conical - (pileus) (Vol. l, Fig. 29.13), see also truncately
adnexed- (lamellae)roundedtowardsstipe (Vol. l,Fig. 30.19). broadly conical; - (cystidia) conical with Q < 1.5 (Vol. l, Fig.
aeriferous - (pileus and stipe surfaces) with silvery shine because of 34.18).
air presentamongsuperficialhyphae. broadly cylindrical - (cystidia) cylindrical, with Q < 2 (Vol. l, Fig.
allantoid- (spores) with adaxial side concave and parallel to abaxial 34.11).
side (Vol. l, fig. 33.21). broadlyellipsoid- (spores)Q= 1.15-\.3(Vol. l,Fig. 33.3); (cystidia)
amygdaliform- (spores) with adaxial side straightor less convexthan Q= 1.15-1.3(Vol. 1,Fig. 34.3).
abaxialside (Vol. l, Figs 33.18,33.19). broadlyfistulose- (st:pe) with very wide tube (Vol. l, Fig. 31.12).
amyloid - (spore wall, spore ornamentation, hyphal walls), staining broadlyfusiform - (spores) fusiforrn with Q = 1.5-2.0 (Vol. l, Fig.
greyishtoblackishblue inMelzer'sreagent. 33.12); - (cystidia) fusiforrn with Q = 1.5-2.0 (Vol. 1,34.21), see
anastomosing- (Iamellae) provided with irregular transverse connec also very broadlyfusiform.
tions (Vol. l, Fig. 30.4). broadlylageniform- (cystidia)(Vol. l,Fig. 34.26).
angiocarpy - a type of development of the basidiocarp in which at broadlyutriform- (cystidia)(Vol. l,Fig. 34.29).
sorne stages the developing hymenium is situated in a closed cav broadlyventricose- (lamellae)(Vol. l, Fig. 30.14).
ity; see also primary and secondaryangiocarpy. broom-cells - elements in pileipellis or hymenium consisting of a
annularbelt - (stipe) remnantsofpartial veil inforrn ofagirdle round more or less c1avate or spheropedunculate body, bearing few to
(upperhalfof) stipe. numerous wartsof finger-Iike appendages in upperhalf. Twotypes
annulus - (stipe) ring-Iike structure round (apex of) stipe, forrned by are distinguished: Rotalis-type with rounded- warty appendages
partialvei1. (Vol. 3, Fig. 139;, and Siccus-type with elongate, finger-like ap
apex- (ofspores)summit(Vol. l,Fig. 32.4A). pendages(Vol. 3,Fig. 154).
apical-(spores)situatedatthe tip. brosse- seeen brosse.
appendage- (ofspores)see hilarappendage. bulbangiocarpy - a:ype ofangiocarpic development of the basidio
appendiculate - (margin of pileus) with small appendages (Vol. l, carp in which the basidiocarp is initiated in a cavity ofthe primor
Fig. 29.48). dial bulb.
applanate- (pileus)flattened, flat (Vol. l,Figs 29.7,29.19). bulbous- (baseofstipe) enlarged(Vol. l, Fig. 31.17),see also abrupt
arachnoid- (pileusandstipesurfacesorvelum)cobwebby. Iybulbousand marginately bulbous.
arcuate - (Iamellae) with concave lamella edge (Vol. l, Figs 30.15, campanulate- (pileus)bell-shaped(Vol. l,Fig. 29.12).
30.16). canaliculate - (stipe) (= channelled) with a longitudinal groove or
areolate-rimose - (pileus surface) marked with numerous superficial channel.
c1eftsor cracksforrning angularpatches. cantharelloid - (basidiocarp) with decurrent obtuse rib- or vein-like
ascending- (hyphae)curvingupward. lamellae.
aseptate- (hyphae)withoutsepta. capitate- (apex ofcystidia)havingadistinctand abruptknob(Vol. l,
auriscalpioid - (habit) shaped Iike Auriscalpium spp.: with vertical Fig. 34.44).
eccentricstipe and horizontal pileus. cartilaginous- (stipe)cartilage-like,flexible buttough.
bacilliform- (spores)Q>3.0 (Vol. l, Fig. 33.7). catenulate- (elements)unitedor linkedas inachain.
ballistosporic basidium - a basidium that actively discharges its caulocystidium- cystidiumsituatedon surfaceofstipe.
spores. central - (stipe) anachcd to centre of pileus (Vol. l, Fig. 31.1); -
6
GLOSSARY (Vellinga & Noordeloos) 7
(germ pore) situated at the central tip of the spore (Vol. l, Fig. deeply decurrent - (Iamztlac) (angle larnellae-stipe < 40°) (Vol. 1,
33.27). Fig. 30.29).
chambered- (stipe) with several cavities(Vol. l,Fig. 31.13). deeplyinfundibuliform- (pilcus) (Vol. l,Fig. 29.23).
cheilocystidium- cystidiumsituated onedge oflameIla ortube. deeply umbilicate- (pileus) with deep abruptdepression(Vol. l, Fig.
cheiloleptocystidium - thin-walled cystidium situated on edge of la- 29.28).
mellae (only used when confusion with cheilochrysocystidia may deflexed- (marginofpileus)bent downwards(Vol. l,Fig. 29.37).
occur). deliquescent - (lamellae and/or basidiocarp) becoming Iiquid after
cheilochrysocystidium - chrysocystidium situated on edge of lamel maturing.
lae). depressed - (pileus) with central depression/sinking (Vol. l, Fig.
chrysocystidium - cystidium with yellow amorphous body or bodies 29.25), seealso slightly depressed.
incontentsafter treatmentwithammoniaorKOH. depression - (of pileus), see depressed; - (of spores), see suprahilar
circular- (pileus) round(Vol. l, Fig.29.1). depression.
clavate- club-shaped (stipe) (Vol. l,Fig. 31.8); - (cystidia, basidia), derm - a pileipellis consisting oferect elements or of ascending ele
Q = 1.5-4 (Vol. l, Fig. 34.13), see also narrowly, and very nar ments, seetrichodermand hymeniderm.
rowly clavate,andbroadly c\avate. dextrinoid- (spore wall, hyphal walls) stainingred to reddish brown
clitocyboid- seeomphalioid. inMelzer'sreagent,
collarium - a tube around, but free from, the apex of the stipe to dimitic- (tissues)consisting ofgenerativehyphaeand skeletalhyphae
whichthe lamel1aeareattached(Vol. l, Fig. 30.5). orbindinghyphae.
colliculose- (pileus surface) coveredwith hillock-likeelevations. discontinuous- contextofpileus and stipe not forming one entity; pi
collybioid - (habit) characterized by pileus neither umbilicate, nor leuseasily separatingfromstipe, sec also pluteoid.
conical; lamel1ae free or adnate; context tough; context of pileus divergent (= bilateral) - (hymenophoral trama) having downward hy
continuouswithcontextofstipe (Vol. l,Figs 28.2, 28.3). phaetumingoutwardfrom amedian line (Vol. l,Figs 35.5, 35.6).
concave- (pileus) (Vol. 1.Fig. 29.21). diverticulate - (cystidia) with short finger-like excrescences (Vol. l,
congophilous- (sporewal1)accumulatingCongored. Fig. 34.45).
conical cone shaped (pileus) (Vol. l, Fig. 29.14), see also broadly duplex- (context)consistingoftwostructurallydifferinglayers.
>
conicalandnarrowly conical, truncatelybroadlyconical,truncately eccentric- (stipe) not attached to centre ofpileus (Vol. 1,Fig. 31.2);
conical, and obtusely conical; - (cystidia) Q = 1.5-4 (Vol. l, Fig. (germ pore) situatecl at the abaxial side ofthe spore (Vol. l, Fig.
34.17), seealsonarrowlyconicalandbroadlyconical. 33.26).
conidium- anon-rnotileasexualspore. echinate- (spores) with spines.
connate- (stipes) growntogetherattheir bases. ectosporium- the very thin outer layer ofthebasidiosporewall.
connective hyphae - usually narrow undifferentiated hyphae of the ellipsoid- (spores) Q= 1.3-1.6 (Vol. l, Fig. 33.4); - (cystidia) Q=
contextofa basidiocarp connectingall other elements (used inop 1.3-1.6(Vol. l,Fig. 34.2), see alsobroadlyellipsoid.
posite offundamental hyphae). emarginate- (lamellae)notchednear the stipe (vol. l, Fig. 30.23).
constriction- seemedianconstriction. en brosse- (ofcystidia) with excrescences,diverticulate (Vol. l,Fig.
continuous- contextofpileus and stipe forming one entity; pileusand 34.45).
stipe noteasily separating. encrusted,encrusting.-seeincrusting.
convex- (pileus) (Vol. l,Fig. 29.9). endosporium- theelectrontransparentinnerlayer ofthe basidiospore
coralloid- irregularly branching,like incoral. wallatthe inside oftheepisporiurn, but lackinginmany white-and
corneous- (stipe) homy,horn-likeintexture. pale-sporedtaxa.
cortina- aweb-likeveilconnectingpileus margin and stipe. entire - (lamella edge) straight, smooth, and glabrous (Vol. l, Figs
costate- (pileus and stipe surfaces)with ridges. 30.30, 30.38).
erenate - with rounded teeth (margin ofpileus) (Vol. l, Fig. 29.45); episporium- theelectron opaque fundamental layer present inall ba
- (lamel1aedge) (Vol. l,Fig. 30.33). sidiosporesof the Hymenomycetes; it is the innermostlayerofthe
erenulate - minutely crenate (margin of pileus) (Vol. l, Fig. 29.46); spore wall when theendosporiumislacking.
- (lamel1aedge) (Vol. l,Fig. 30.34). epithelioid hymeniderm - a hymeniderm made up of elements with
erepidotoid- seepleurotoid. Q= 1.0-1.15 (Vol. l, Fig. 36.3C).
curved- (stipe) bentfrom substrateupwards asto adjustto the gravi epithelium- a pileipellis made up of globoseto broadly ellipsoidele
tation. ments in more than one layerdeep; see regular epithelium and ir
cutis- apileipellis consistingofrepent non-gelatinizinghyphae (Vol. regularepithelium.
r,Fig. 36.1A). equal-(stipe) ofequal diameterfrom apex tobase.
cyanophilous- (sporewall) accumulatingCottonblue. erect - (hyphae or projections ofhyphae) perpendicularto surfaceof
cylindrical - (stipe) circular in cross-section and of equal diameter pileus.
from apex to base (Vol, l, Fig. 31.4); - (spores) Q= 2.0-3.0, in eroded- irregularly toothed (margin of pileus) (Vol. l, Fig. 29.47);
outlinewith parallelsides;- (cystidia)Q= 2-4 (Vol. l, Fig. 34.10), - (oflamel1aedgc) (Vol. l,Fig. 30.37).
see also narrowlycylindricalandbroadlycylindrical. euhymeniderm- ahymeniderm made up ofelementswith Q= 1.15-6
cyphelloid- (basidiocarp) more or less cup-shaped with smooth hy (Vol. r,Fig. 36.3J3).
menophore. eusporium - the inncr set of firm and resistant layers ofthe basidio
cystidioid- cystidiurn-like, spore wall, consistingoftheepisporiumandtheendosporium.
cystidium - sterile, differentiated, terminal element in the hymenium even - (\amel1aedgc) straight, smooth and glabrous, entire (Vol. l,
oron thesurfacesofthebasidiocarp. Figs30.30, 30.38).
decurrent - (lameIlae) descending down the stipe (angle lamellae exceeding - (margin of pileus with regard to lamel1ae) (Vol. l, Fig.
stipe 40-60°)(Vol. l,Fig. 30.28), see alsodeeply decurrent. 29.42).
decurrenttooth- (oflamellae)(Vol. l,Figs 30.25, 30.26). exosporium - a laya of the basidiospore wal1between perisporium
8 FLORA AGARICINANEERLANDICA
and episporium, frequently responsible for the omamentation of hilum - scar left on the hilar appendage ofthe basidiospore after its
spores. discharge fromthe sterigma.
exscissa-type- seeurticiform. hirsute - (pileus and stipe surfaces) covered with rather long, rather
fascïculate- (basidiocarps)growing inabundle. coarse hairs(coarserthan inpubescent,lesscoarse than inhispid).
felted- (pileus and stipe surfaces or volva) composed of, or covered hispid- (pileus and stipe surfaces) covered with long or short, erect
with,denselycompressed,matted hairsorfibrils. stiffhairsorbristles.
fertile- (lamella edge)composedofbasidia only. hispidulous- (pileus and stipesurfaces)minutelyhispid.
fibrillose - (pileus and stipe surfaces) covered with thin, thread-like homoiomerous - (tissue) consisting of hyphae and without nests of
fibres. sphaerocysts.
filiform- (cystidia, stipe), very longandnarrowlycylindrical. hymeniderm - a derm made up ofnon-septate clements originating a
fimbriate - (lamella edge) with regular hair-likc projections (Vol. l, the same level, sec also epithelioid hymeniderm, and transition
Fig.30.39). between hymenidermandepithelium.
fissurate- (pileusandstipe surfaces) withdeep and/or distinctc1efts. hymenocarpy- atype ofdevelopmentofthe basidiocarpinwhich the
fistulose - (stipe) hollow (Vol. l, Fig. 31.11), see also broadly fistu differentiation ofthe hyrncnophore starts as a circular zone in the
lose. otherwise stillundiffercntiatedprimordium.
jlabelliform- (pileus) fan-shaped (Vol. l, Fig. 29.2), sec also rounded hymenopodium - a special (usually large-celled) layer between sub
flabelliform. hymeniumandhymenophoraltrama.
jlattened. - (spores) spores adaxially flattened, resulting inadifferent hyphal peg - fascicle of unbranched hyphae projecting beyond ba-
measure forbreadth and width(this volume, Fig.2.1). sidia.
jlexuous- (stipe) fullofbends; - (eystidia) cylindricalbut withbends imbricate- (basidiocarps)growing immediatelyaboveeach other.
(Vol. l, Fig.34.36). incrusted- sec incrusting.
jloccï- small flocksortufts. incrusting- (pigment) situated onthe outer side ofthe wall, and visi
jloccose- (pileusandstipe surfaces)coveredwith tufts ofsofthairs. bleasbands, granulesorpatches.
jlocculose- (pileus and stipesurfaces) minutelyfloccose. injlated - (hyphae) consisting of swollen clements, constricted at
free- (Iamellae)notattachedtostipe(Vol. l, Fig.30.18). septa,notcylindrical.
fringed- (lamella edge) with irregular appendages. inflexed- (margin ofpileus) bentinwards (Vol. l, Fig.29.38).
frontal view -(ofspores) (Vol. l, Fig.32.2). infundibuliform- (pileus)funnel-shaped (Vol. l, Fig. 29.22), see also
fugacious- (veil)evanescent,earlydisappearing. deeply infundibuliform,
fundamental hyphae - the inflated hyphae giving the fleshy basidio insititious- (stipe) grafted onsubstratum;base ofstipe seems inserted
carp itsfirmness. insubstrate because basal hairsortomentumarelacking.
furcate- (Iamellae) forked (Vol. 1,Fig.30.2). intercalaryelement- beiweentwoother clements,notterminal.
fusiform - spindle shaped, tapering at both ends, (spores) with Q = intercellular- (pigment)situated betweenthee\ements.
2.0-4.0 (Vol. l, Fig. 33.13); - (cystidia) with Q= 2.0-4.0 (Vol. l, intervenose - (lamellae) provided with veins bctween the lamellae
Fig. 34.20),seealso narrowly, broadly, and verybroadlyfusiform. (Vol. l, Fig.30.3).
horsehair-like - (stipe) very long and thin, stiff, Iike the hair of a intracellular- (pigment)situated inside theelements.
horse. intricate trichoderm - a trichoderm made up ofinterwoven elements
gelatinous- jelly-likeinconsistence. (Vol. l, Fig.36.2B).
generative hyphae - the basic type ofseptate, thin- to thick-walled, inverse - (hymenophora! trama) having downward convergent hy
branchinghyphae, presentinall (young) basidiocarps, from which phae, i.e.tuming inward toamedianline(Vol. l, Fig.35.4).
all differentiated hyphae arise (used in opposite of binding and involute- (marginofpileus) rolled in(Vol. 1,Fig.29.39).
skeletal hyphae). irregular- (hymenophoral trama) having interwoven hyphae (Vol. 1,
germpore- (ofspores) apical thin-walled spot in spore wall (Vol. l, Fig.35.3).
Fig.32.6E),seealsocentral andeccentricgerm pore. irregularepithelium - an epithelium made up ofirregularly disposed
glabrous- (pileus and stipesurfaces)bald. elements (Vol. l, Fig. 36.4B).
globose- spherical, (spores)Q= 0.95-1.05 (Vol. 1,Fig. 33.1); - (cys irregulartrichoderm- (Vol. l, Fig. 36.2C).
tidia) Q= 1.0-1.05(Vol. l, Fig.34.5). isocarpy- atype ofdevcloprnentofthe basidiocarp inwhich the dif
glutinous- slimy, veryviscid. ferentiation of pileus, stipe, and hymenophore starts at the same
granulose- (pileus and stipe surfaces) coveredwith (or composedof) time.
minute grains. ixocutis- acutis made upofgelatinizinghyphae(Vol. 1,Fig.36.1B).
gregarious- (basidiocarps)growinginagroup. ixohymeniderm- ahymcnidermmade upofgelatinizingclements.
guttate- (pileus andstipe surfaces)withroundishdarkerspots. ixohyphidium - a gelatinizing, more or less differentiated, hypha-like
guttulate- (contentsofspores andotherelements)with (oil)droplets. terminal elementinthepi!eipellis.
guttule- droplet (Vol. l, Fig.32.6G). ixotrichoderm - atrichoderm, made up ofgelatinizingelements (Vol.
gymnocarpy- a type ofdevelopment ofthe basidiocarp inwhich the l, Fig.36.20).
hymeniumisexposedfrom initiation tillmaturity. laccate- (pileus surface) asthough vamished.
hemispherical - (pileus) with shape of a half sphere (Vol. l, Fig. lacrymoid - (spores) with confluent hilar appendage; tear-shaped
29.10). (Vol. l, Figs 33.16, 33.17).
heterogeneous- (Iamella edge)composedofcystidiaand basidia. lageniform- (cystidia) characterizedbyneck narrower than halfwidth
heteromerous - (tissue) consisting ofhyphae and 'nests' ofsphaero ofcell body (Vol. l, Fig. 34.U), see also narrowly lageniform and
cysts. broadly lageniform.
hexagonal-(spores)six-angled(Vol. 1,Figs 33.22, 33.23). lamellate- (hymcnophore)consistingoflamellae(=gills).
hilarappendage - (ofspores) short process at basal end ofspore by lanate - (pileus and stipe surfaces) ( = woolly) covered with long,
which itwasattachedtosterigma (Vol. 1,Fig.32.4C). soft, matted hairs.