Flood Risk Management Strategies and Governance PDF
Preview Flood Risk Management Strategies and Governance
Tom Raadgever · Dries Hegger Editors Flood Risk Management Strategies and Governance Flood Risk Management Strategies and Governance Tom Raadgever · Dries Hegger Editors Flood Risk Management Strategies and Governance Editors Tom Raadgever Dries Hegger Sweco Faculty of Geosciences De Bilt, The Netherlands Utrecht University, Environmental Governance, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht, The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-319-67698-2 ISBN 978-3-319-67699-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67699-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959883 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Authors Lead Authors Part I: Dries L. T. Hegger Peter P. J. Driessen Marloes H. N. Bakker Lead Authors Part II: G. T. (Tom) Raadgever Nikéh Booister Martijn K. Steenstra Other Contributing Authors (Alphabetical Order): Meghan Alexander Jean-Christophe Beyers Jan van den Bossche Anoeska Buijze Silvia Bruzzone Adam Choryński Ann Crabbé Kurt Deketelaere Bram Delvaux Carel Dieperink Willemijn van Doorn-Hoekveld Kristina Ek v vi Authors Marie Fournier Wessel Ganzevoort Herman Kasper Gilissen Susana Goytia Casermeiro Mathilde Gralepois Colin Green Marlous van Herten Stephen Homewood Julien Jadot Maria Kaufmann Wojciech Kiewisz Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Corinne Larrue Lisa Lévy Jakub Lewandowski Doug Lewis Duncan Liefferink Corinne Manson Piotr Matczak Hannelore Mees Ana Paula Micou Fredrik Ohls Dennis Parker Maria Pettersson Sally Priest Marleen van Rijswick Thomas Schellenberger Nico van der Schuit Elin Spegel Cathy Suykens Malgorzata Szwed Sue Tapsell Thomas Thuillier Jean-Baptiste Trémorin Mark Wiering Foreword For long, discussions among scientists, policymakers and ‘practitioners’ gave the impression that science, policy and practice were living in separate worlds due to a lack of exchanges and of clear transfer of knowledge and expectations. This debate is not new, and we can trace discussions back to before the 1990s. From the time of adoption of the Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000) and later of the Floods Directive (2007), it has become clear that a proper governance in the water risk management sector was strongly relying upon a proper transfer of scientific outputs to various steps of the policy process (design, negotiation, implementation). However, mixing scientists, practitioners and policymakers and asking them appar- ently straightforward questions such as ‘what do we know, and what scientific infor- mation may I use to justify policy orientations?’ often resulted in difficult debates, owing to different ways of looking at managerial and operational issues. Interactions among different actors who belong to the overall governance system clearly show that the different worlds have difficulties to directly communicate and that they need ‘intermediaries’ to cohabit and evolve together. This was featured at an early stage in the way working groups of the so-called WFD Common Implementation Strategy were operated, one dealing with flood risk management. A strong culture of exchanges has hence been developed from 2004 with the FLOODSite project which contributed to the knowledge base used during the vii viii Foreword negotiation process of the Floods Directive. Other initiatives later focused on aspects of flood risk management, e.g. climate change impacts on flood risks, flash floods, flood resilience in urban environments, etc. concentrating on the broad scope of resilient flood risk governance with the STAR-FLOOD project. Teams composed of different actors (scientists, policymakers, practitioners) are in a better position to integrate scientific knowledge into policy implementation practices. This is particularly true regarding various technical steps embedded into the Floods Directive, which is itself closely connected to the Water Framework Directive river basin management planning. These concern, e.g. risk assessment and mapping, monitoring, design and implementation of action programmes. The incor- poration of climate change considerations in the current policy debates, tending to make the second generation of river basin management plans ‘climate-proof’, is another dimension that needs to be tackled. It is now clearly demonstrated that flood risks are increasing in Europe due to urbanisation and the effects of climate change. While the Floods Directive provides a large EU umbrella for managing existing and emerging risks, specific flood risk management strategies are developed by EU member states with often few practical interactions among them, despite the sharing of information within the Flood Working Group of the above-mentioned WFD Common Implementation Strategy. In this respect, the STAR-FLOOD project developed a comparative assessment of flood risk governance in Belgium, England, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden to extract lessons learnt that could be of common interest for an improved resilient flood risk governance. This book is about these developments. It has been written by experts covering different facets of flood risk governance, providing views and per- spectives from different angles, i.e. researchers, practitioners and policymakers. In the first part, the book reflects the experience of six countries (viz., Belgium, England, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden) in flood risk management and governance, discussing various approaches which reflect the principle of sub- sidiarity, i.e. implementation of the Floods Directive according to national/regional situations regarding flood risks and management practices used to tackle them. This takes into account different ways to involve public and private actors in flood risk governance and discusses how strategies could be improved in the context of the Floods Directive. The experience gathered by the STAR-FLOOD project provides a thorough eval- uation of resilience, efficiency and legitimacy. These are closely linked to flood risk management strategies which are, however, not necessarily sufficient to enhance resilience as discussed in the book. Interactions among the scientific community and stakeholders are also explored with recommendations regarding resilience issues and flood risk governance. The second part of the book translates the project’s key conclusions into best practices and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. These concern management practices (related to different types of floods) with discussions on enhanced preparedness (i.e. not only dealing with flood defence), involvement of and interactions between different actors in charge of implementing strategies and other governance issues. Foreword ix Overall, this book provides a highly relevant and timely state-of-the-art knowl- edge that will be of interest to policymakers and practitioners as well as scientists working in the area of flood risk management. Research Programming and Policy Officer Dr. Philippe Quevauviller European Commission DG Migration and Home Affairs Innovation and Industry for Security Preface As project coordinator of the STAR-FLOOD research project, I am very proud to present you this book. I am convinced that collaboration between researchers, poli- cymakers, NGOs, consultants and other stakeholders is essential for improving flood risk management. A concerted effort is needed to make Europe more flood resilient! Part I of this book spreads the main results and conclusions of the European Union’s Seventh Framework project STAR-FLOOD (www.starflood.eu). The proj- ect investigated strategies for dealing with flood risks in 18 vulnerable urban regions in 6 European countries: England, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. STAR-FLOOD focused on governance aspects, from a combined public administration and legal perspective. Part II is specifically written for policymakers and practitioners in flood risk management. It intends to point out why organisational or governance aspects are essential for implementing a broad and integrated flood risk management approach. It provides you with recommendations and good practices that can give you new insights and inspire you to improve your own policies and practices. xi
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