Flight Testing Amateur-Built Helicopters

184 Pages·2016·2.99 MB·English

by  Jeffrey Scott Bender

UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeennnneesssseeee,, KKnnooxxvviillllee
TTRRAACCEE:: TTeennnneesssseeee RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd CCrreeaattiivvee
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Masters Theses Graduate School
12-1999
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Jeffrey Scott Bender
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes
Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Bender, Jeffrey Scott, "Flight Testing Amateur-Built Helicopters. " Master's Thesis, University of
Tennessee, 1999.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1353
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and
Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE:
Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected].
To the Graduate Council:
I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jeffrey Scott Bender entitled "Flight Testing
Amateur-Built Helicopters." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and
content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science, with a major in Aviation Systems.
William Lewis, Major Professor
We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance:
Ralph Kimberlin, Fred Stellar
Accepted for the Council:
Carolyn R. Hodges
Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School
(Original signatures are on file with official student records.)
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Dr. WiLlelwiiMamsa ,jP orreo sfsor
Accepftorte hdCe o uinlc:
AssaotcVeii cCehn acelanldo r
DeaonfT hGe raduSactheo ol
FLIGHTETS TING AMATEUR-BUlL T HELICOPTERS
ATh esis
Presefnottrhe ed
MastoefSr c ience
Degree
TheU nisvieotyrfT ennessKeneo,x ville
JeffreSyc oBtetn der
Decem1b99e9r
Copyri©g 1h9t9 b9yJ effieSyc ott Bender
Alrilg hrtess erved
DEDICATION
Thisth esiidsse dicated to:
Joann
Grant
Clayton
Elain a
WaltanedBr r uce
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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extrmeelsyu ppoarsatT ihveiesCs o mmitbtuhetae v,e almsyop rbiemcealnra ys sroom
instru.cT thoewryos unlodht a vbee eanb tloep roivdseu cshu pport thwehi etlohpfo ut
thaed msitntriiavtee,c hnaincdma elc hantiecamamel m beorfts h Aev iatSiyosnt em
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fromR otorWIanyt ernatAidovnaanlTc,ee cdh lnoogiIensca,.n dR otaAxi rcraft
EnginReesvl.ou tHieolni cCooprtppeor rv idteedc hnsiucpapalon rtdte chnpiacpaelr s
asw elalsa f catotroyua rna dd esk-bsrfiiindegeA. c knowledigsae lmseon te xtended
frot elepihnotneer vpireowvsib dyte hdRe o binHseolni coCpotmepra bnyy,
Mr.
DarwiFnl ooyfNde wB rockAtloanb,aa mnabd,y Jam"eZso oCma"m pbell, editor
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Test SPcihloootl .
iii
ABSTRACT
Test-flpirgohcte dfuortreh asem ateurh-ebluiiclaotrp petr eers eTnetsetd .
methwoedrsae c quifrroemad c cepptraacbtlifeco fleris g thets tNionrmgaC la tegory
RotorAcmraatfte,u rA-iBruciarlnatUdft l traliTghhetassce.c epptraabcltewi ecrees
modifiteood v erctohmceeh allfeancgbeeydts h aem ateurh-ebluiictloetpps titel ro t.
Thecshea lleinngcellsui dmeii tne-dfli ingshtrtu menAt saitginoinfi.c ant modification
ofp rocewdautsro ee ss tabaml eitshho dooflfl oiggthyet s tuisnicgno gl leccotnitrvoel
stipcoks iatsai noi nn dicoafpt oowrde urr ing petrefsotrmAiadnndgci.et ionally, this
procepdruorveia md eesth osdtr ucttuoor veedr cloimmei itnesde ntadtuiroinn g
trum
testoifsn tga bainlcdio tnyt Irno-lfl.ti egdshattto afaU nitSetdaA tremsOy H -5w8a s
usetdov ertihfyre e latiboentswcheoielpnl epcotsiiavtenie don ng isnheah fto rsepower
requ(iEreSrcdHq Pc) o ubledu setdop rovaim deea nosfe stimpaotwienurgs age.
Percoefcn otl lescttipicovkse i atniEdoS nH Prrceqq uire'dr ewdeuarcneeand da 'l yzed.
Iitcs o ncltuhdceeu drv deesv elboypp leodt pteirnccgeo nltl epcotsiivtei on were similar
toE SHPc urveisnt hsep ereandg oef i nte(rbeesl9to 0wk notasn)da llfoowr
rcq
accepptraabcltoeifd c aetrsae ducttobi eeo mnp louyseidpn egr coefcn otl lescttiicvke
positiTohner. e commenidsath taitto hne tseesm te thobdesa doptbeytd h e
ExperiAmiernctArasalsft o ci(aEtAiAfo)ons r u pervfiiesledd- toefas mtaitnegu r-built
helicwoiptlthie mrisit nesdtr umentation.
iv
TABLOEF C ONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1.I ntrod.u c.t i.o n. . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backgro.u n.d . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MethoofRd e sea.r c.h . . . . . . . . . . .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scop.e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FliTgehsPttl ann.i n.g . . . . . . . . . . .3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GoaolfFs l iTgehstt .i n.g . . . . . . . . . . 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.P repara.t i.o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AirpSoerlte c.t i.o n. . . . . . . . . . . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EmergePnlcayn n.i n.g . . . . . . . . . . .9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TesPti lot . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MediFcaaclft oPsri lo.t .s . . . . . . . . . .1 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TranspotrhtAeii nrgct rota hftAe i rpor.t . . . . . . . 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AssemabnlAdyi rworthiness Inspecti.o n. .. .1. 2 . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .
WeiganhdtB alan. c.e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Paperw.o r.k . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.G round T.e s.t i.n g. . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ContrRoilg gi.n .g . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tie-DPorwno ceandduP roewse rTpelsatn.it.n .g............1..9. ...
BlaTdrea ckainBndag l a.n c.e . . . . . . . . .2 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.I ntrodutcoFt liioTgneh stt Cionngc e.p..t..s............... . . . 2.9 . . . . .
DetermEinngiiPnnogew e.r . . . . . . . . . .3 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PowCeorrr ect.i o.n .s . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Th"eW edgAep"p rotaoIc nhc remBeunitlad.l- u.p . . . . 3.6 . . . . . . . . . .
FlyiQnuga li.t i.e s. . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UncertianFi lniTtgeyhs tt .i n.g . . . . . . . .. .4 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.H ovTeers t.i n.g . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PerformTaenscte.i n.g . . . . . . . . . . .4 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . .4 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HovTehre ory. . . . . . . . . . . .4 .8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FigoufrM ee r.i t. . . . . . . . . . .5 .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RefeHrorvePeder r formance. . . . . . 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CompresEsfifbeiaclnGtidrst o yu Enfdf e.c t. . . .. ..5 3. . . . . . .
TesMte tho.d . . . . . . . . . . .5 .5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
FliDgahtCtaa rd. . . . . . . . . . 5. 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicHlootpv tPeeerrr forTmeasntc.ie n .g . 5.7 . . .
StabainlCdio tnyt. r o.l . . . . . . . . . .6 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TesMte th.o d.s . . . . . . . . . .6 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DatAan alaynsPdir se sen.t a.ti o.n . . . . .6 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicHlootpv tSeetrra bainlCdio tnytT reoslti. n g72
6.L evFelli Tgehstt in.g . . . . . . . . . . .7 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PeorfrmancTee st.i n.g . . . . . . . . . .7 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LevFelli Tghheto .r y. . . . . . . . . 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RefeLrreevdFe lli Pgehrtf ormance . .. .. .. ..8 1.. .. .. .. .. .. . .
TesMte thod. . . . . . . . . . .8 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicLloetpv tFeellri Pgerhfto rmaTnecset .i n.g 8 2
StabainlCdio tnyt .r o.l .. . . . . . . . . .8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TesMte tho.d s. . . . . . . . . . 8.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DatAan alaynsPdir se sentation . . . . 9.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicLloetpv tFeellri Sgthatb ainlCdio tnytr .o l. 9 6
7.C lianmdbD escTeenstt .i n.g . . . . . . . . . 9.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance . . . . . . . . . .9 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TesMte thoadnsTd e chni.q u.e s. . . . . .1 0 .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicTloetpsM ttee trh o.d s. . . . .1 0.7 . . . . . . . . . . .
Stab&i Clointtry.o l. . . . . . . . . . .0 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
EngiSnteo ppaAguet oarnodTt haeryto io.n .. .. ... ... 1 .1.. .0.
TesMte thanoddT se chniques . . . . .1 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AmateurH-eBluiicTloetpsM ttee trh .o d. . . . . 1.1 5. . . . . . . . . . . .
8.C onclu.s i.o n.s . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.R ecommenda.t i.o n.s . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .1. 9 1. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
References 120
Appendices 124
AppenAd-iDxa tAan aloyfsC oilsl ePcotsiivt.ei o.n . . . 1.2 5. . . . . . . . .
AppenBd iL-xo okTuapb l.e s. . . . . . . . 1.4 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi