Fladiochemistry by Gregory Choppin - The Living Textbook of

289 Pages·2002·5.12 MB·English

Radiochemistry

by Gregory Choppin
and Patricia Baisden

Florida State University,
Tallahassee, FL

‘Ametican Chemical Society, Washing. 1.0.
Gredite

Figures were used with permission from the following saurces.
Part IT, Chart of the Nuclides, General Electric Co.

Part LV. Fig. § from N.F, dobnaon, &. Eichler and G.D. O'Kelley,
‘nuclear Chemistry”, Snterscience Publishers, Saw York,
1963, ps 142.
Pig.'15 from N.F. Johneon, et al., p. 100

Part V. Fig. 1 from F. welgon, T. Nurase and K. Kraus, J.
chromat., 13,503 (1964)
Fig. 2 from K.Rraus and F. Nelson, Proc. of the Inter.
Conf. on Peaceful Gsas of Atom, Ener., (Ganevaj United
Nations), Vol. 7 (1956), Paper 637.

Part VII Fig, 2 from W.F. Johncon, et al, p- 159
Fig. 47 * “ 105
Figg not : « ioe
Figs 6 7 " . 107
fepoo : : iia
Figg : oN Toe
Peg on : et

Fig. 20 from W.#. Zoller and G.R. Gordon, Anal. Chem,
42,261 (1970,

Fart VIIIFig. 3 from R.B. Leachman, “Nuclear Fission", Scientific
American, 1965,

Part IX Fig. 2 from General Atomic Co.

Part XI Fig. 1, from C.#. wang, D.L, Willis and W,D. Loveland,
"Radiotracer Wethodology Inthe Biological, Environ-
mental and Physical Sciences", Prentice-Hall Co., 1975,
p. 195.
Fig, 4,5,6,8 from Technical Data in catalogs of Packard
Instr. ‘CS.

Most of the other figures were used or adapted from the author's
(GRC) texte “Experimental Nuclear Chemistry” (out of print) and
“Nuclei and Radioacticity",
COURSE OUTLINE

section
General Ruclear Concepts 1
Muclear Stapility and Rad‘oact-vity tr
Interaction of Radiation with Natter x11
Detection and Neasurement of Radiation Ww
Counting Radioactive Samp-es v
Counting Statistics and calibration ve
Pulse-Haight analysis and Gasma-kay

Spectroscopy aI
Induced Nuclear. Reactions yrt
Radionuclide Production and actwation

Bnalysis x
Tracer Methodology x
Liquid 3cintilletien counting (.8¢) i
hpgendix I - Table of constants

Appendix Iz - Anawers

Appendix TET ~ Connon Radioisotopes
Listed According to Half-Lite

Appendix IV - Reterences

credits
A WORD 70 TUE USER

ACS AUDIO COURSES are instractional units or subjects of
significant interest that are suitable for both individual ssudy
and group use.

‘The ACS Audio Course on “Radiochenistry," by ors. Gregory
Choppin ané Patricia Baisden, is intended as’an in-depth intro-
duction to this important subject. This volume ig the reference
manual which is integrated with the audiotape of "Radiochemistry."
The two togesher comprise the ACS Audic Course: neither is complete
without the other. Because the lecturer refers constantly ta the
manual, each listener should have a copy of the manual an he
listens, so he may follow these refersnces.

This manval vas not written to be a self-sufficiens texthnok.
Tt was designed, rather, to Le weed aa a workbook while listening
to the tape. ‘The listener is urged ta take notes with “he expec~
tation that chis activity will reinforce the learning process.
The product is a persozally annotated volure which shonld serve
as an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the subsect.

Your comments and giggentions have pravad te he exceptionally
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Department of Rducational ackivities
Anarican chemical Society
PART I

General Nuclear Concepts

eubline

I. Definitions of some Basic Nuclear Terms
TI. Nuclear Mavs-snergy Relationships

Balancing Nuclear Reactions

Energy Coaversion Factors

Comparison of Fneroy in Chemical and Nuclear Reactions
Galeulation of Energy in Nuclear Reactiors

tuelear Binding Enersy

ppopp

1, Binding Enezgy of apt Buvieon
2. Ginding Energy of 2 Deuteron
3. Binding Energy per Nucleon

XIE. Nuclear Radius

I¥. Imelear Coulca Barrier.
¥. Nuclear wodels
A. the Shell Medel

BL guid Drop Model
©. Unified model

Problems
SECTION I

Some Baals

2 Texms

Nuclide: any nuclear species of a given number of
Brofons and neutrons.

either neutron or proton.

Huckeon
Mass Nouer = A = number of nucleons = wez

“57

co
27

‘a
atomic Number = £ = nummer of protons

Isotopes: same 2; different A

ama A; aifforent 2

140, 140,, 149,
sem 577% gate

Ipotones: different a; same

2 am ts 1/12 the mass of 12

Atomic Mass_unit (amu
Yassee of atomic particles

1.00783 amu = mass of

1-00867 amu = nass of

4,

= 0,00054960 ana

1.00783 am = mage of

Units of radioactivity
curie(el) = 2.22 x 10!

millicurie (mei) = 107

mierocurie (uci) = 10

the proton iietsoun= som
the neutron

of the electron

the hydrogen acon

apn (di sintegrat:ons/min)
SECTION Ir

Nuclear wass-Energy Reletionships

Balancing Nuclear Hquations

199.4 41, 239, 4,
ya tin + *8ce + ztn a
252, 2ag, 4

gece > Tyg we (2)
Me 4 14, 0

fe Su + fp Gr

conversion Factors

TABLE 1. Commonly used metric units: systems

Physteat qunstte mts cos
rorse (2) newton int) ayne

Mass Om) Kilogram (Kg) gram (g}
xangth (@) eter (@) ——centineton
nine tt) seconds (tec) seconds (vee)
necoteratton (a) ‘RAGES censnngezs

Work (a joule (1 erg
ayne

From WF xa

a= 10? exes

Important energy conversion factors and definitions

WOE: Enexgy and work are interchangeable

Electron Volt (eV): the energy acquired when an
electron is accelerated through a potential difference

of 1 volt,

calorie (eal): the quantity of beat which must be
added to 1 gram of water (J atuosphere pressure) to
change its temperature from 14.5 to 15.5°C.
Lev =1.002 x 107!%5

2.602 x 207 Marys

= 3.629 x 107 %car

L.o7a x ame.
10%ev = Gev iofey = Mev
a, An important energy conversion factor is

lew = 23.06 Real. “w
nolecule ole

This ia obtained by

lew wo 32929 x 20°02 | Kool
woTesule molecaTe tocar

§,023 x 10 yolecules

3 molecules

2
where 6.023 x 19? molecu:

de Avogadro's number

Another frequent1y used conversion factor is

1 anu = 931 Mev ay

This is obtained by

Lowe
1 lev Mev.
am = 18 __ x .
3074 x10 10° ev
= 931 Nev