Fixing Babel: An Historical Anthology of Applied English Lexicography PDF
Preview Fixing Babel: An Historical Anthology of Applied English Lexicography
Fixing Babel Fixing Babel An Historical Anthology of Applied Lexicography Edited by Rebecca Shapiro Foreword by Jack Lynch Published by Bucknell University Press Copublished by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2017 by Rebecca Shapiro All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 978-1-61148-809-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-61148-811-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-61148-810-4 (electronic) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Foreword by Jack Lynch ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Editorial Method xxxiii List of Abbreviations xxxvii List of Illustrations xxxix William Clark A Dictionarie in English and Latine for Children, and Yong Beginners (1602) 1 Robert Cawdrey A Table Alphabeticall, 2nd ed. (1609) 5 [I. B.] John Bullokar An English Expositor: Teaching the Interpretation of the Hardest Words Vsed in Our Language (1616) 11 Henry Cockeram The English Dictionarie: Or, an Interpreter of Hard English Words (1623) 17 Edmund Coote The English Schoole-Master, 17th ed. (1627) 23 Thomas Blount Glossographia: Or a Dictionary (1656) 31 Edward Phillips The New World of English Words: Or, a General Dictionary (1658) 44 John Ray A Collection of English Words, Not Generally Used (1674) 67 Elisha Coles An English Dictionary (1676) 79 Anonymous Gazophylacium Anglicanum (1689) 87 Abel Boyer The Royal Dictionary (1699) 93 [J. K.] John Kersey A New English Dictionary (1702) 105 John Kersey [J. K. Philobibl.] The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary, 6th ed., (1706) revised by John Kersey 113 Anonymous Glossographia Anglicana Nova: Or, a Dictionary (1707) 116 John Kersey [Philobibl.] Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum (1708) 120 Nathan Bailey An Universal Etymological Dictionary (1721) 124 Thomas Dyche The Spelling English Dictionary (1725) 136 B. N. [Benjamin Norton] Defoe A Compleat English Dictionary (1735) 141 Nathan Bailey Dictionarium Britannicum, 2nd ed. (1736) 143 Thomas Dyche and William Pardon A New General English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1737) 165 Samuel Johnson The Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language (1747) 171 Benjamin Martin Lingua Britannica Reformata: Or, A New English Dictionary (1749) 201 Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) 214 Joseph Nicol Scott A New Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1755) 243 Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language . . . Abstracted (1756) 253 James Buchanan Linguæ Britannicæ Vera Pronunciato: Or, A New English Dictionary (1757) 257 William Johnston A Pronouncing and Spelling Dictionary (1764) 273 John Trusler The Difference between Words, Esteemed Synonymous, in the English Language (1766) 279 William Kenrick The New Dictionary of the English Language (1773) 287 James Barclay A Complete and Universal English Dictionary on a New Plan (1774) 300 John Ash The New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language (1775) 307 William Perry The Royal Standard English Dictionary (1775) 312 John Walker A Dictionary of the English Language (1775) 325 Thomas Sheridan A General Dictionary of the English Language (1780) 353 Francis Grose A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1785) 375 John Walker A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language (1791) 384 Hester Lynch Piozzi British Synonymy (1794) 409 Noah Webster A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (1806) 418 Noah Webster An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828) 471 Dictionaries with Their Complete Titles 555 Bibliography 567 Index 582 About the Author 000 Foreword THE crucial era in the development of English-language lexicography runs from the publication of the first monolingual English dictionaries at the beginning of the seventeenth century, through the release of Noah Webster’s American Dictionary in 1828. At the beginning of this period, we see the tentative efforts to define English words and to survey the vernacular as a systematic whole; by the end, we are in an age of sophisticated meditations on scientific etymology, linguistic prescriptivism, and the relationship of language to nation. When lexicographers want to discuss these topics today, they write for their professional peers in refereed journals and monographs. Before the nineteenth century, though, no learned periodicals were devoted to linguistics. The discussions therefore took place at the beginnings of their dictionaries: in the prefaces, introductions, dedicatory epistles, advertisements, and addresses to the reader. Front matter is where lexicographers staked their intellectual claims, justified their methods, and explained the difficulties they faced. It is where they drew attention to the most novel, innovative, and controversial elements of their dictionaries, and positioned themselves in relation to their precursors and rivals. Some of these prefaces are theoretical, some resolutely practical; some anticipate modern thinking about the language, while others are remembered only as embarrassing digressions from the mainstream of scholarship. Some appeared in works that never attracted a significant audience, while others found their way into virtually every literate household. Read together, they constitute a substantial and important body of primary documents on the development of linguistic thought. And yet, for all their importance, these prefaces and introductions can be surprisingly difficult to find. Most have never been reprinted. Of the works collected here, only Samuel Johnson’s Plan and preface have been treated in a scholarly edition. And never have these writings been brought together in a single volume. In Fixing Babel: An Historical Anthology of Applied Lexicography, therefore, Rebecca Shapiro provides authoritative and annotated texts of more than three dozen of these documents.
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