Five new mining Lepidoptera (Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae) from central Asia

10 Pages·1996·4.5 MB·English

by  R Puplesis

R. PUPLESIS &A. DISKUS
VilniusPedagogicalUniversity, Lithuania
FIVE NEW MINING LEPIDOPTERA (NEPTICULIDAE,
BUCCULATRICIDAE) FROM CENTRAL ASIA
Puplesis,R.&Diskus,A., 1996.FivenewminingLepidoptera(Nepticulidae,Bucculatricidae)
fromCentralAsia.-TijdschriftvoorEntomologie 139: 181-190,figs. 1-30. [issn0040-7496].
Published 18December 1996.
Three newspecies ofNepticulidae (Stigmellajohanssonis^. n., Fomoriaflavimaculasp. n., F.
lacrimulaesp.n.)andtwonewBucculatricidae(Bucculatrixmulticornutasp.n.,B. macrognathos
sp.n.)aredescribedfromthemountainsofTurkmenistan,TadzhikistanandsouthernKazakh-
stan.
Correspondence:DepartmentofZoology,VPU,Studentustr.39,Vilnius2034, Lithuania.
Keywords.-Leaf-miners,Nepticulidae,Bucculatricidae,newspecies,CentralAsia.
Thegrowing international concern overthebiodi- viewed by Puplesis (1994), the Bucculatricidae by
versity crisis has revitalized biological systematics. Seksjaeva (1993). In addition, five other species of
Committedeffortstotheinventorytheworld'smajor Nepticulidae [Acalyptris argyraspis, Etainia leptog-
biotahaveneverbeenmoreneededthan now. In this nathos, E. obtusa, Stigmella cerasi, S.aflatuniaê) were
&
light the Zoological Department of the Vilnius recently described by Puplesis Diskus (1995,
Pedagogical University started in 1995 to revise the 1996a, 1996b). Some more species will be described
faunaoftheminingLepidopteraofCentralAsia.The in forthcoming papers. Methods, terminology and
generally small primitive leaf-mining Lepidoptera nomenclature used in the descriptions follow Seks-
have been relatively poorly studied on a global scale, jaeva (1989, 1993) andPuplesis (1994).
the fauna ofsuch vast areas as Central Asia being al- ThegenusFomoriaBeirne(Nepticulidae) istreated
most completely neglected until recently (Puplesis et hereasaseparategenus, notasubgenusoiEctoedemia
al. 1996c). This study comprises most taxa oflepi- Busck (i.e. van Nieukerken 1986). However, as has
dopteran miners. The work on these groups was di- been stated by van Nieukerken (1986), the mono-
videdamongentomologistsofourdepartmentasfol- phylyofFomoriaisstillnotestablished.Thusanyde-
lows: Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Tischeriidae and cisions on rankorvalidityofthis taxon arestill to be
BucculatricidaebyR. Puplesis andA. Diskus; Helio- regardedasprovisional.
zelidae and Elachistidae by V. Sruoga; Lyonetiidae, Abbreviations for depositories: rmnh (Nationaal
Gracillariidaeand PhyllocnistidaebyR. Noreikaand Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands),
karyological studies by J. Puplesiené. Some other VPU (Vilnius Pedagogical University, Lithuania), zi-
families, such as Eriocraniidae, Momphidaeand Co- TAS (Zoological Institute of the Turkmenian
leophoridae, currently studied at the Zoological AcademyofSciences,Turkmenistan).Diskus
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St.
Petersburg),werenotconsideredinourproject.
Descriptions
Surveysonallthemicrolepidopteran familiesstud-
iedbyusarenowinapreparation.Thepresentpaper
Nepticulidae
includes just the report offive hitherto undescribed
species.To havetheirnamesavailableforan updated
chheerce.k-Tlihset c(oPumpbliensaistioetn aolf.p1hy9l9o6g)enweteicdaelslcyrinboet rtehleaste- (Sftiigsg.me1l,l6a-j9o,h2a8n)ssoiiisp. n.
edtaxa(NepticulidaeandBucculatricidae) inthispa- [Stigmella Salicis (Stainton); Puplesis 1994: fig. 350. mis-
perwaspurelyforpractical reasons. identificationl
The Nepticulidae of Central Asia have been re-
181
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
Typematerial.-Holotype â Kazakhstan(western
Tyan Shan' mountains), 90 km: E Tschimkent, H -
1300 m, Aksu Dzhabagly Reserve, ll.viii.l987, leg.
R. Puplesis(vpu). Paratypes:606^, 809,samedataas
i# holotype (vpu, rmnh).
m
1%
Diagnosis. — Closely resembling S. salicis-, but all
cornuti are collected in one basal cluster. In contrast
to S. salicis, thevinculumoijohanssoniislonger, and
theforewingcolourisoftendistinctlypaler.
Male (fig. 1). — Forewing length 2.3-2.6 mm.
Head: frontal tuft from white or pale yellow to or-
ange; eye-caps and collar white or creamy; antenna
greyish to creamy-brownish. Colour of thorax and
forewing extremely variable (fig. 1); coarsely scaled,
irroratedwith brown scales. Cream costal and dorsal
spots on forewings ofvarying shape; an additional
large basal spot is sometimes present. Cilia cream.
Hindwing and its cilia pale brownish to almost
cream.Abdomenbrown, undersidecream.Analtufts
cream.
Female. -Alsovariable, usuallyslightlypaler than
male, butotherwisesimilar.
Male genitalia (figs. 6-8). - Valva with two short
pointeddistalprocesses. Transtillawithoutsublateral
processes. Uncuswithdeep, squaremedialemargina-
tion and paramedial notches. Gnathos with long
Figs. 1-3. Adult Nepticulidae. - 1, Stigmellajohanssoni, horns, closely set at base. Vinculum comparatively
male,showingvariationin2pararypes;2,Fomoriaflavimac- longer than in S. salicis, with wide lateral lobes.
suilad,emraiglhethsoildoetyfpeem;al3e,Fp.arlaatcorpimeul(acee,ntfreamlaTlaedpzahiiaktiysptea.n)S,calleefst Aedeagus(figs.7,8)shorterthangenitalcapsule,with
mm. about 9 cornuti in one basal cluster; cornuti spine-
1
like,ratherweaklysclerotized. Furthervesicawithex-
tensivegroupoftinyspines.
Femalegenitalia(fig. 9).-Apophyseslong, almost
equalinlength,oranterioresslightlylongerthanpos-
teriores.Corpusbursaewithsparsepectinationsanda
distinctbandofscallop-shapedminuteplates.Ductus
spermathecaewithoutspines. Ovipositorslightlypro-
truding, tipalmostpointed.
Biology.-Host-plant: Salixsp.Allspecimenshave
been caughtwithalighttrap, in asmall canyon near
the Dzhabagly river. The trap was surrounded by a
dense vegetation of Salix. On these trees we found
numerous empty leaf-mines, supposedly of this
species. The mine is a broad gallery, occasionally
formingafalseblotch. The blackfrassdepositedin a
broadandirregularcentralline.Adultshavebeencol-
lectedinAugust, butprobablyflyin earlysummeras
well, becausesomeveryoldemptymineswerefound
'^'liiiiiyiii^^^ inAugust.
Distribution. - Western Tyan Shan' mountains
(southernKazakhstan) (fig.28).
Etymology. - This species is named in honour of
Figs.4, 5.AdultBucculatrixspp.- 4,B. multicornuta,male Mr. RolandJohansson (Växjö, Sweden), specialistof
pararype; 5, B. macrognathos, male paratype (head recon- Nepticulidae, and outstanding painter of these
structed).Scales 1 mm. moths.
182
PUPLESIS&Dl§KUS: NewNepticulidaeandBucculatricidae
Figs. 6-9. Stigmellajohanssoni, genitalia. 6, Male, holotype; 7, 8,Aedeagus, twodifferentparatypes; 9, Female, paratype.
Scales0.1 mm.
Fomoriaflavimaculasp. n. tus spermathecae. Male genitalia easily recognizable
(figs. 2, 10-15,28) from all otherFomoriaspecies bymedial processes of
valvaandslenderposteriorprocessofgnathos.
Type material. — Holotype 6: southern Tad- Male (fig. 2, left side). - Forewing length 1.6-1.8
zhikistan, Tigrovaya Balka Reserve (= env. of mm. Head: frontal tuft orange to pale orange; eye-
Dzhilikul'), 26.vii.1990, leg. R. Puplesis (vpu). caps densely covered or just irrorated with fuscous
Pararypes: 2(5, 19, same locality, 26.vii- blackscaleson upperside; collarpalebrown cream to
17.viii.l990, leg. R. Puplesis; 1 9, cemral Tad- cream; antennavarying from mixed greywith cream
zhikistan, 30 km N Dushanbe (Kondara), larvae on toalmostfuscous. Thoraxandforewingblackishfus-
Popidus^p., 17.vii.1991, N 4241, leg. R. Puplesis & cous, scales with pale bases. Forewing with a white
A. Diskus (vpu). tornaispotattwo-thirds. Undersideofforewingwith
silverlustre andwith largeelongatespotofyellowish
Diagnosis.-Themalecannotbemistakenbecause cream androconial scales in the basal half Cilia and
of the combination of a white tornai spot at two- hindwingcream. Hindwingverybroadatbase, clear-
thirdsoftheforewingandthepeculiarlyshapedhind- ly cuspidate towards tip; upper surface in basal half
wingwithyellowishcreamandroconialscales.Thefe- with a large spot of yellowish cream or brownish
male resembles F. septembrella (Stainton) which also cream androconialscales.Abdomen notexamined.
hasatornaispot, butdiffers bytheshapeoftheduc- Female (fig. 2, right side). - Frontal tuft cream
183
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
Figs. 10-13.Fomoriaflavimacula,genitalia.- 10,Male,holotype; 11,Valva,paratype(southernTadzhikistan); 12,
paratype(southernTadzhikistan); 13,Femalegenitalia,paratype(centralTadzhikistan).Scales0.1 mm.
with some blackish scales distally. Underside of andwithnumeroussetae. Gnathoswithverynarrow,
forewingdistinctly less silverylustrous than in male, long and pointed posterior process. Vinculum large,
without androconial spot. Hindwing greyish, not distally hardly excavated. Aedeagus (fig. 12) with a
broadened basally and without yellowish spot ofan- pairofslender triangulardorsal carinae and apairof
droconia. Otherwiseasin male. longpointedventralcarinae.Vesicawithrathersmall
Malegenitaha(figs. 10-12).-Valvatriangular,ad- groups ofdifferent cornuti: some of them strongly
ditionally with a triangular, pointed, weakly sclero- sclerotized and irregular in shape, other less sclero-
tized basal process (fig. 11). Inner side ofvalvawith tized, buttriangularorspine-like.
distinct longpapillae andprocesses ofvaryingshape. Female genitalia (fig. 13). - Anterior apophyses
Transtilla with slender, not very long sublateral slightly shorter than posterior ones. Vaginal sclerite
processes. Pseuduncus long, rounded distally, but sclerotized,withanirregularplate-likeshape. Ductus
varying in width, with numerous long setae at apex. spermathecae with about 4.5 convolutions. Corpus
Uncusinshapeofinverted'v',distallywellsclerotized bursae elongate, with distinct pectinations and ex-
184
.
PUPLESIS&DlâKUS: NewNepticulidaeandBuccuktricidae
Male (fig. 3). - Forewing length 3.6-3.8 mm.
Head: frontal tuft pale brownish orange to cream;
eye-caps and collar cream; antenna pale brownish to
browncream.Thoraxcream toyellowish,occasional-
lywithsome brownish scales. Forewingdensely irro-
ratewithbrown tippedscaleswith goldencream (oc-
casionally whitish cream) bases. Dorsal margin of
forewing usually completely golden cream, without
brown tipped scales. Cilia of both wings golden
cream. Hindwingbrownishtogrey.Abdomengreyto
pale brownish cream. Forewing venation with very
Figs. 14, 15. Leaf-mine of Fomoriaflavimacula. - 14, longsubcostal,andfourradial, twomedialveins, one
Gallery with frass; 15, LeafofPo/);///«sp. with leaf-mine. long(curvedupwardly)cubitalandananalvein.Anal
Scales 1 cm. loop on baseof2Aabsentorindistinct, however, the
anal vein distinctly bent at the base. Closed cell pre-
sent. HindwingvenationasinmostNepticulidae.
tremely long but slender signa; they have indistinct Female. - Very similar to male, but tends to be a
borders, thepectinationsformingsquares. bitsmaller, forewinglengthdownto3.2mminsome
Biology. — Host-plant: Populiis spp., probably in- paratypes.
cludingPopuliispruinosaSchrenk,whichwasparticu- Male genitaha (figs. 16-19). - Valva slender,
larly common in the type-locality. Egg on upperside broadened at base and strongly curved at apex
ofleaf. LarvaewerefoundinJuly. Mine (figs. 14, 15) (fig.17),anddenselycoveredwithsetae(exceptapex)
startsasaslendersinuousorevencontortedgalleryal- Therearealso 5-6 longsetaeon tip ofapical process.
most completely filled with green, occasionally Transtilla with very long sublateral processes.
brownish frass; further gallery gradually widening, Pseuduncus broadly triangular. Uncus very wide,
greenorblackishfrassneatlycoiled; inthelastpartof truncate,with rightangles. Gnathoswith broadpos-
galleryfrasslinearandalwaysblack. Exitholeon leaf teriorprocessandlargecentralplate.Vinculumtrape-
upperside. Cocoon dark grey-brown. Adults fly in zoid, usually distinctly narrowed distally. Aedeagus
June-August. (fig.18) with two distinct closely set ventral carinae
Distribution. -Tadzhikistan: mountainous region andwith unusuallylong dorsal carinae. Ventral cari-
near the Varzob river (Gissar ridge) and southern nae distally with a ventrally curved, pointed hook;
Vakhsh river valley (tugai formation) close to dorsal carinae apically slightly curved outwards.
Afghanistan (type-locality, fig. 28). Cornuti almostinvisible, althoughagreat numberof
Etymology. — Flavus (latin) = golden; macula weakly sclerotized spine-like cornuti is present on
(latin) = a spot, referring to the distinct androconial vesica(fig.19).
spotofyellow-creamscaleson themalehindwing. Female genitalia (fig. 20-22). - Both pairs of
apophysesverylong, almostequal in length. Vaginal
sclerite with an irregular shape, sometimes more or
Fomorialacrimulaesp. n.
less triangular (fig.21), sometimes (in other view)
(figs. 3, 16-19, 28-30) more slender. Corpus bursae comparatively very
Type material. - Holotype 6 Turkmenistan, small, but elongate. Paired signacomprise numerous
:
westernKopetDag,40kmEKaraKala(=Garrygala), wellsclerotizedpectinations (fig.22); bordersofsigna
&
800 m, 18.V.1993, leg. R. Puplesis A. Diskus onlyweaklymarkedbyelongatepectinations. Ductus
(vpu). Pararypes: 3 â, 129 9, same locality, 12.v- spermathecaeapproximatelyaslongascorpusbursae,
12.vi.1993, leg. R. Puplesis & A. Diskus (vpu, zi- with 6.5-7 distinct convolutions. Female abdomen
TAS). withbroadtip; papillaeannales ratherdistinct.
Biology. - Adults fly in May-June (see also re-
Diagnosis. - Relativelylargespecieswith distinctive marks).
male and female genitalia. The male can be easilydis- Distribution.—Knownonlyfrom thewestern part
tinguished from all known species bythe veryspecial- ofthe Kopet Dag ridge in Turkmenistan, where it is
ized valva with long curved apically process, the ex- acommon species (fig. 28).
tremelylongdorsal carinaeofaedeagusandthedistally Etymology. - Lacrimula (latin) = a tear-drop, re-
truncate uncus. The female is easily recognised bythe ferringto the relativelysmall distinctlybrown tipped
unusuallylargeapophysesincomparisonwiththesmall scaleswhichdenselyanduniformlyirrorateforewings
corpus bursae with special-shaped signa, and the very likesmalltears.
longductusspermathecaewith6-7convolution. Remarks.-Thecollectednumberof129femalesis
185
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139.1996
Figs.16-22. Fomorialacrimulae,genitalia.- 16,Male,holotype; 17,Leftvalva,holor)'pe; 18,Aedeagus,paratype; 19,Spine-
likecornutionevertedvesica,parar)'pe; 20, Female, paratope; 21,Vaginalsclerite, lateralview; 22, Pectinationsoncorpus
bursae.Scales0.1 mm.
disproportionately high compared with the 4 males. F. lacrimulaemightbeherbaceous. Unfortunatelywe
Normallymalestendtocomeatlightmorefrequent- did not identify the plant species of the very rich
ly. The female abundancy might be explained by a herbaceousvegetation duringthetimeofourcollect-
trap position veryclose to the foodplant (Van Nieu- inginMayandearlyJune;uponreturnlaterthesemi-
kerken pers. comm.). The two main sites where the ephemeral grasseswere almost completely dried out.
specieswascollectedrepresenttwosmall,almost par- Therefore asearch formineswouldprobablybest be
allel canyons (Khoshdemir and Khertou), with a carriedoutinlateAprilorearlyMay.
dense herbaceous vegetation and with a predomi-
nance ofshrubs and trees as Crataegus, Acer, Celtis,
Bucculatricidae
Paliurus, Cerasus, Rubus, Rosa, as well as Rhamnus,
SPirnucneus,weSaldiixd, nFortaxifninuds aannyd Zuniizdyepnhtuisfi(efdigsm.in29e,s30o)n. Bucculatrixmulticomutasp.n.
woodyplants,wetendtobelievethatthehostplantof (figs. 4, 23, 24, 28, 29)
186
PUPLESIS&DiSkuS: NewNepticulidaeandBucculatricidae
Figs. 23-24. Bucculatrixspp., malegenitalia. - 23, Holorype B. multicomuta,ventralview; 24, Valva idem, paratype. 25,
HolotypeBucculatrixmacrognathos,ventralview;26,Same,lateralview;27,Aedeagus,holotype,lateralview.Scales0.1 mm.
187
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
Typematerial.-Holotype S:Turkmenistan,west- tegminal lobes absent. Vinculum triangular.
ernKopetDag,40kmEKaraKala(=Garrygala),800 Aedeagusverylong, basallywideningand less sclero-
m, 05.vii.1993, leg. R. Puplesis & A. Diskus (vpu). tized. There are about 22-27 well sclerotized spine-
Paratypes: 7d, same locality, 18.v.-23.vii.l993, leg. likecornution thevesica.
R. Puplesis &A. Diskus (vpu). Biology. — Adults fly from May till late July.
Diagnosis. -The male can immediately be recog- Otherwiseunknown.
nized by the numerous straight cornuti. It can easily Distribution.-Onlyknownfromthewesternpart
be distinguished from the Iranian B. endospiralis oftheKopetDagridge(Turkmenistan) (figs.28,29).
Deschka,whichalsohassomecornutibytherelative- Etymology. - Mukus (latin) = numerous; cornuta
lyshortvinculum and the much straighter aedeagus (latin) = horned, referring to a very rare feature
(compareDeschka 1981). Fromthesimilar B. abrep- among the Bucculatricidae, i.e. the presence ofnu-
ta Seksjaeva, 1989 from East Asia, it differs by the merouscornutionthevesica.
widevalva, andtrapezoidtegumen.
Male (fig. 4). - Forewing length 2.8-3.2 mm. Bucculatrixniacrognathossp.n.
Head: frontal tuft mostly whitish, with some dark
brown orgreyish brown scales; eye-caps whitish; an- (figs. 5, 25-28)
tennae cream, annulate with brown. Thorax brown- Type material. — Holotype S: eastern Turkmeni-
ishcreamirroratedwithdarkbrownscales. Forewing stan, env. Svintsovyy Rudnik (Kugitangtau ridge),
variable,irroratedwithblackishbrownscales,inbasal ll.viii.l989, leg. V. Sruoga (vpu). Paratype: 1 S,
1/3 somewhat paler, and with 6 whitish cream samelocality, 26.viii.1990, leg. R. Puplesis (vpu).
streaks:threealongcostalmarginandthreealonganal Diagnosis.-Averyremarkablespecies,immediate-
margin (fig. 4). Cilia cream. Hindwing and cilia ly recognized by the presence ofthe large gnathos in
brownishcream. themalegenitaliaandbythepaleochreoustornaispot
Female. Unknown. on theforewing. Itiseasilydistinguishedfrom B.for-
Male genitalia (figs. 23-24). - Valva slightly mosaPuplesis & Seksjaeva (which also has agnathos)
curved, with 18-20 flat setae at apex, forming a bytheabsenceoftegminallobesandthescleriteonthe
pecten (fig. 24). Sublateral process of valva short. vesica, the short vinculum, as well as by the distinct
Tegumen large, trapezoid with numerous setae; forewingpattern (comparePuplesisetal. 1992).
Fig.28. DistributionoiStigmellajohanssoni(Q),Fomoriaflavimacula(•),F. lacrimulae(O)- Bucculatrixmulticornuta(I
PUPLESIS&DlâKUS: NewNepticulidaeandBucculatricidae
Figs. 29, 30. Habitats of
FomorialacrimulaeandBuccu-
latrix multicornuta in the
Khoshdemir canyon (western
'^ partofthe Kopet Dag moun-
tains,Turkmenistan).
^S^"'
-I#^'
29
:
.
30
Male(fig. 5).-Forewinglength2.6-2.8mm. Head ridgeineasternTurkmenistan (fig.28).
unknown, broken in both specimens. Thorax ochre- Etymology. - Macros (greek) = large; gnathos
ous cream. Forewing with three cream streaks along (greek) = a cheek or here: gnathos, referring to the
costal margin, oneverywideanalstreakandanirreg- presence of an almost unique feature among the
ularlyelongatetornaispot(fig. 5);inthecentreofthis Bucculatricidae, i.e. thewelldevelopedgnathos.
tornai spot there is a distinct patch ofpale ochreous
scales. Hindwing and cilia of both wings ochreous
cream.
Acknowledgements
Female.-Unknown.
Male genitalia (figs. 25-27). - Valva very slender. Special thanks are expressed to our colleague Dr
Basal process ofvalva not developed, almost indis- ErikJ.vanNieukerken (theNetherlands),whokind-
tinct. Tegumen large, without tegminal lobes. lyreviewedthemanuscriptandofferedmanyhelpful
Gnathoswithlargeposteriorprocessandsmall lateral comments and suggestions. We also want to express
arms.Vinculumshort,slightlybilobedanteriorlyand ourcordialthankstoMrRolandJohansson (Sweden)
with two large triangular lobes posteriorly; each pos- forhisremarkson the'StigmellaSalicis materialfrom
teriorlobebears 3well sclerotizedtooth-likeprocess- theTyanShan, resultinginthepresentdescriptionof
es. Aedeagus (fig. 27) much bulged basally, cornuti S.johanssoni. Mrs.Biruté Noreikiené (Lithuania) has
absent. oursincerethanksandappreciationforherfinedraw-
Biology.-Adultshavebeencaught inAugust. ings ofthe habitus ofthe new species. The research
Distribution.-OnlyknownfromtheKugitangtau described in this publication was made possible in
189
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
part by Grant N LAOOOO & LHXIOO from the NferpotmicuTluirdakem)e.n-isPthaengeaan2d4(Tiandpzrheissk)i.stan (Lepidoptera:
InternationalScienceFoundation. Puplesis, R.,A. Diskus, R. Noreika&N. Saparmamedova,
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Nahen undMittlerenOsten. IV. Teil.- Zeitschriftder 200.
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33:33-41. formosasp.n.,aremarkablespeciesfromtheKugitangtau
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remarkable species from Tadzhikistan (Lepidoptera: (Lepidoptera, Bucculatricidae) fauny Rossii. - Trudy
Nepticulidae).- Phegea23: 51-54. Zoologicheskogo instituta Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk
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Etamiafrom CentralAsiawith descriptions oftwo new
species and some provisional notes on the world fauna
(Lepidoptera:Nepticulidae).-Phegea24:41-48.
Puplesis, R. &A. Diskus, 1996b.AreviewoftheStigmella Received: 30November 1995
sorbispecies-group with descriptions oftwo newspecies Accepted: 1 October 1996
190