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232 Pages·2010·4.72 MB·English
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Handbook for improving living and working conditions on board fishing vessels Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 First published 2010 Publications of the InternationalLabour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization,on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office,CH-1211Geneva22,Switzerland,orbyemail:[email protected] Office welcomes such applications. Libraries,institutionsandotherusersregisteredwithreproductionrightsorganizationsmaymake copiesinaccordancewiththelicencesissuedtothemforthispurpose.Visitwww.ifrro.orgtofindthe reproduction rights organization in your country. Handbook for improving living and working conditions on board fishing vessels ISBN978-92-2-124027-3 (print) ISBN978-92-2-124028-0 (web pdf) First preliminary version, 2010 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveronthepartoftheInternationalLabourOfficeconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibilityfor opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solelywiththeirauthors,andpublicationdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbytheInternational Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local officesinmanycountries,ordirectfromILOPublications,InternationalLabourOffice,CH-1211 Geneva22,Switzerland.Cataloguesorlistsofnewpublicationsareavailablefreeofchargefromthe above address, or by email: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.ilo.org/publns Photocredits:theMinistryofMaritimeAffairsandFisheries,RepublicofKorea;PabloXandri;and the Institute Social de la Marina, Spain. Graphic design in Italy ITC ILO Printed in Italy Preface Thereareover30millionfishersworldwideandatleast15millionofthesearework- ing full time on board fishing vessels. Workinthefishingsectorhasmanycharacteristicsthatsetitapartfromworkinother sectors.Theharvestingoffishandofmarineresourcestakesplaceintheoften-chal- lengingmarineenvironment.Whentheweatherconditionsareharsh,astheyoftenare, orwhenthecatchitselfpresentsarisk,therateofaccidentsandfatalitiescanbequite high;infact,inmanycountries,fishingisthemosthazardousoccupation.Incasesof accidentorillness,afishermaybefarfromprofessionalmedicalcareandmustrelyon fellowcrewmemberstotakecareofhimorheruntilbroughtashore. Fishing is also an occupation with long-standing traditions. One of these, found throughout the world, is that of not paying fishers a set wage, but instead paying thembasedonashareofthecatch.Whilethishascertainadvantagesforthefisher, thesystemmaytoleadtoverylongworkinghours,atendencytoremainatseaduring bad weather (which would otherwise motivate fishers to return home) and thus greater risks and more accidents. Many fishers are owner-operators and often live in remote communities that offer only limitedalternativesforemployment.Atthesametime,formany,fishingisbecominga moreglobalizedsector;fishersfromseveraldifferentcountriesmaybefoundonavessel withanownerfromanotherstateotherthantheirownandflyingtheflagofyetanother. Theseandotherfactorscallforspecialconsiderationsfortheseworkers.However,in many countries fishers seem to fall, at least in part, through gaps in the system of laws, regulations and measures that protect other workers which may create a “de- centwork”deficit.Inlinewithitsobjectiveofprovidingdecentworkforall,theInter- national Labour Organization (ILO) is seeking to prevent this deficit from occuring. Fishersneed globalstandards that provide protection, reflect their specialsituation and allow for sufficient flexibility in order to account for the differences within the sector and among different ILO member States. Legal protection must not only be provided for those working on large, industrial fishing vessels, but also on smaller ones.Standards musttake intoaccount thelevelsofdevelopment andthediffering institutionalcapacitiesofallILOmemberStates.Aboveall,standardsmustserveto improve the conditions of as many fishers as possible. In 2007, the ILO adopted two new instruments specifically tailored for the fishing sector: the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188) and the Work in Fishing Recommendation,2007(No.199).ThesestandardsdemonstratetheILO’srenewed commitment to providing decent work for all fishers. ThetextsofConventionNo.188andRecommendationNo.199,asinternationalle- galinstruments,arewritteninaspecificlegalformat.Whatisnowcalledforisapub- licationthatmakestheprovisionsofthesestandardscomealivethroughexplanation, discussion, and ideas on how they might be implemented by ILO member States. 3 Handbook for improving living and working conditions on board fishing vessels ThisHandbookonimprovinglivingandworkingconditionsonboardfishingvessels has been developed to assist competent authorities, representative organizations of employers and workers (in particular, representative organizations of fishing vessel ownersandfishers),aswellasotherswithaninterestinthesector,inordertogaina betterunderstandingoftheprovisionsofConventionNo.188andRecommendation No.199.Inparticular,itattemptstolookateachoftheprovisionsofthesestandards fromthepointofviewofgovernmentofficials,fishingvesselowners,fishersandin- spectors. This may help to stimulate national tripartite discussion and may encourageStatestotakeconcretestepstowardsimplementationandratificationofthe Convention.Mostimportantly,whetherornotaStatedecidestoratifytheConvention immediatelyorotherwise,theHandbookwillbeausefultoolforlookingatthecurrent legalprotectionoffishers,foranalyzingthesituation,andformakingimprovements. Apublicationofthisnaturecannotgointogreatdepthoneverysingleissuecovered bytheConventionandRecommendation,norcanitaddresseveryquestionthatmay arise concerning the provisions of these standards. The International Labour Office thereforewelcomes,andwillseektoaddressspecificquestionsconcerningthesein- struments that may arise during their consideration by member States. The ILO gratefully acknowledges the financial support for this publication provided by the Government of Norway, through the Norway-ILO Cooperation Agreement of 2008-2009, a project on Enhancing Labour Inspection Effectiveness. The ILO fur- ther acknowledges the support provided through the Project on Institutional Strengthening oftheConstituents oftheILO;thePromotion ofConventionNo.188 onWorkintheFishingSector, fundedbytheMinistryofLabourandImmigrationof Spain,incollaboration withthe ILO’sInternational Training Centre andSpain’sSo- cialMarineInstitute;togetherwiththeProjectforaRationalandSustainableDevel- opment of the Fishing Sector, funded by Spain’s Ministry for the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs. TheHandbookhasbeenproducedbytheILO’sSectoralActivitiesDepartment;inco- operation with the ILO’s Labour Administration and Inspection Programme, the Workers’ Activities Bureau and Employers’ Activities Bureau, the International La- bour Standards Department, the Social Security Department, and the International Training Centre in Turin, Italy. ThisOfficeisgratefultoMrDavidSparksandMrDomingoGonzalezfortheircontri- bution to the preparation of this publication. The ILO wishes to acknowledge and thank Ms Vera Albuquerque (Brazil), Mr Peter Ørebech (Norway), Captain Nigel Campbell (South Africa), Professor Yeong-Woo Jeon (South Korea) and Mr Luis Ambrosio(Spain)forthecountry-specificfishingsectorcasestudiestheyundertook, which were valuable contributions to the Handbook. Elizabeth Tinoco, Director, ILO Sectoral Activities Department. 4 Introduction The objective of the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188) is to ensure that fishershavedecentconditionsofworkonboardfishingvessels,regardingminimum requirementsforworkonboard;conditionsofservice;accommodationandfood;oc- cupational health and safety protection; medical care and social security. ThetaskofrevisinganddevelopingacomprehensiveConventionthatcoversfish- ing has been a long and complex process. In 2002, the ILO commenced work on the drafting of complete and up-to-date international standards for the fishing sector, in order to guarantee proper protection for fishers on a global scale. This workinvolvedconsiderableresearchbytheInternationalLabourOfficeand,most importantly, the commitment and deep involvement of the representatives of gov- ernments,employers(inparticularfishingvesselowners)andworkers(inparticular fishers’ representatives), and observers from inter-governmental and non-govern- mental organizations. TheConventionprovidesflexibilitywithrespecttocertainArticles,forexamplewhere member States cannot immediately implement all of the measures provided for in the Convention. Many provisions can onlybe implemented following“consultation” with representative organizations of employers and workers (in particular, represen- tative organizations of fishing vessel owners and of fishers). Convention No. 188 revises the Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112),theMedicalExamination(Fishermen)Convention,1959(No.113),theFish- ermen’sArticlesofAgreementConvention,1959(No.114)andtheAccommodation of Crews (Fishermen) Convention, 1966 (No. 126). It also covers other important questionssuchashealthandsafetyatwork;assignmentandhoursofrest;crewlist; repatriation; recruitment and placement; and social security. Convention No.188isaccompanied bythenon-binding Recommendation No.199 concerning work in the fishing sector. TheadoptionoftheWorkinFishingConventionin2007wasastepforwardinachiev- ingdecentworkforallpeopleworkingonfishingvessels.TheConventiondealswith variousaspectsofworksuchasbetteraccommodation;foodandsafetyatwork;pay- ment of fishers; medical care at sea and ashore; rest time; contract of employment andsocialsecurity.Earlyandwideratification issupported byemployers,trade un- ions and other professional organizations in the sector. Thoseconcerned withtheimplementationoftheWorkinFishingConvention,2007 may also be involved in, or perhaps have recently completed, the process of imple- menting and ratifying the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) (which specifically excludes fishing vessels from its scope of application). While there are many obvious differences between the shipping and fishing sectors, there are also many similarities,as both seafarers and fishers work on board vessels. Therefore, it maybeusefultodrawonlessonslearnedfromtheimplementationandratificationof 5 Handbook for improving living and working conditions on board fishing vessels theMLC,2006.Likewise,itmayalsobeusefultocoordinate nationaleffortstoim- plementandratifytheMLC,2006andtheWorkinFishingConvention,2007,foral- though the two Conventions have major differences in structure, many of their provisionsaddresssimilar,ifnotidentical,issues.Itisalsolikelythatinmanycoun- tries existing laws and regulations for seafarers and fishers may overlap. 6 Contents Preface.....................................................................................................3 Introduction..............................................................................................5 Overview of Convention No.188 and Recommendation No. 199.....................9 Legal aspects..........................................................................................11 Administration.........................................................................................19 Part I Definitions...........................................................................25 Article 1 - Definitions...........................................................25 Article 2 – Article 5 - Scope ...........................................29–38 Part II General principles.................................................................45 Article 6 and Article 7 - Implementation ..........................45–48 Article 8 - Responsibilities of fishing vessel owners, skippers and fishers..............................................51 Part III Minimum requirements.........................................................57 Article 9 - Minimum age ......................................................57 Article 10 – Article 12 - Medical examination....................66–76 Part IV Conditions of service.............................................................81 Article 13 and Article 14 - Manning and hours of rest..............81 Article 15 - Crew list.............................................................89 Article 16 – Article 20 - Fisher’s work agreement....................92 Article 21 - Repatriation.......................................................99 Article 22 - Recruitment and placement of fishers.................105 Article 23 and Article 24 - Payment of fishers.......................111 Part V Accommodation and food....................................................117 Article 25 – Article 28 - Accomodation and food ...........117–118 7 Handbook for improving living and working conditions on board fishing vessels Part VI Medical care, health protection and social security ................131 Article 29 and Article 30 - Medical care.......................131–132 Article 31 – Article 33 - Occupational safety and health and accident prevention.....................137–138 Article 34 – Article 37 - Social security................................148 Article 38 and Article 39 - Protection in case of work-related sickness, injury or death....................149 Part VII Compliance and enforcement...............................................165 Article 40 – Article 44 - Compliance and enforcement...............................................165–180 Part VIII Amendment of Annexes I, II and III......................................183 Article 45 - Amendment of Annexes I, II and III....................183 Part IX Final provisions..................................................................187 Article 46 – Article 54 - Final provisions.......................187–188 Annex 1 - Equivalence in measurement................................................193 Annex 2 - Fishers’ work agreement ......................................................194 Annex 3 - Fishing vessel accommodation..............................................195 Appendix 1 Sample comparative analysis document.................................207 Appendix 2 Protocol of assistance to maritime health services for pre-sea medical examinations...............................................208 Appendix 3 Examples of medical certificates...........................................210 Appendix 4 Table of requirements for fishing vessels, in accordance with Annex III of Convention No. 188 ...................................212 Appendix 5 South African Safe manning regulations................................224 References .........................................................................................225 8

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fishers have decent conditions of work on board fishing vessels, regarding minimum or the latest edition of the International Medical Guide for Ships; Report of the Asian Regional Seminar on the ILO Work in Fishing.
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