Fishes of the Genus Nemacheilus (Bleeker 1863) in Kerala with Description of a new Species, Nemacheilus Periyarensis

2005·2 MB·

by  B Madhusoodana Kurup

Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005 75-78
FISHES OF THE GENUS NEMACHEILUS (BLEEKER 1863) IN KERALA WITH
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, NEMACHEILUS PERIYARENSIS'
B. Madhusoodana Kurup2-3 and K.V. Radhakrishnan2
'Accepted October, 2002
’School ofIndustrial Fisheries, Cochin University ofScience and Technology,
Fine Arts Avenue, PB No 1791, Cochin 682 016, Kerala, India.
’Email madhukurup@hotmail com, madhukurup@cusatres in
FishesofthegenusNemacheilus(Bleeker 1863)arerepresentedby 10speciesin Kerala. Duringfishspeciesinventory
surveyscarriedoutinPeriyarlake,threespecimensofthisgenuscollectedweredifferentinmorpho-meristiccharacters
and colourpattern from the specieshitherto described. The newspecies is namedNemacheilusperiyarensis afterthe
waterbodyfromwhich itwascollected.AkeytothespeciesofgenusNemacheilusreported fromKeralaisgiven with
adetailed description ofthenewspecies.
Keywords:Nemacheilusperiyarensissp. nov.,Periyarlake,Kerala
INTRODUCTION lake,oneofthe 18biodiversityhotspotsofIndia,theauthors
cameacrossthreespecimenswhosemorpho-meristic features
The genus Nemacheilus (Bleeker) consists ofa group and colouration were found to betotallydifferent from those
ofspeciesthatareremarkablysimilaringeneralmorphology. ofthespecieshithertodescribed.Anewspecieshastherefore
Since they lack the spines, scutes, various other processes, been erected whose description is given below. Anumberof
andfeaturesoftaxonomicalvalue,speciesunderNemacheilus species have been reported from Periyar lake by Raj (1941);
(Bleeker)arethemostdifficulttodistinguishanddifferentiate Hora(1941);MenonandJacob(1996);ZachariasandMinimol
(Menon 1987).NemacheilinespeciesfromIndiaweredescribed (1999)andGopi (2001).Akeyto thespeciesrecorded under
firstbyHamilton-Buchanan(1822). Subsequently,McClelland the genus Nemacheilus in Kerala is also given.
(1839);Gunther(1868); Day(1878); Hora(1935)andMenon
(1987)describedanumberofnewspecies. Noattempthasso MATERIALAND METHODS
farbeenmadetorevisetheNemacheilinaespecies inhabiting
Indian waters, barringthe partial revision ofthe genus from The type locality ofthe new species is Thannikkudy,
Eastern Himalayasandtherevision oftheCobitoid fishesby PeriyarLake,Kerala,south Indiabetween9°28'91"Nand77°
Menon (1987). More than 450 species have been described 16' 44" E. Morphometric measurements were recorded with
under the subfamily Nemacheilinae (Kottelat 1990). These dialcalliperstothenearestmillimetreandexpressedaspercent
are distributed in South China, Southeast Asia, Baluchistan, ofstandard length. Meristicswere counted followingTalwar
Western Iran and Northeast Africa. Seventy-nine andJhingran(1991).
Nemacheiline species under 2 genera, Nemacheilus and
TriplophyseaareknownfromtheIndianwaters(Menon 1987). Nemacheilusperiyarensissp. nov. (Fig. 1)
Nine subgenera under Nemacheilus and ten subgenera
under Triplophysea have so far been described. Genus Holotype: Deposited inZSICalicut,No.ZSI (WGRS)
mm
Nemacheilus includes the subgenera Schistura McClelland, CLT.V/F 13030.85.2 TL,PeriyarLake, 18.ii.2002.
Acanthocobitis Peters, Nemacheilus Van Hesselt, Paratypes: 2 ex. Deposited in School of Industrial
Nemachilicthys Day, Mesonemacheilus Benarescu and Fisheries Museum. 80.6-82.0 mm TL, Periyar Lake,
Nalbant, Infundibulatus subgenera nov; Petruichthys 18.ii.2002.
subgenera nov; Aborichthys Chaudhuri and Indoreonectes Diagnosis: An elongated and slender species, dorsal
Rita and Benarescu. In Schistura, 1 1 species have been fin with 9 branched rays, lateral line incomplete, ends above
recognized, while the subgenus Petruichthys and theanalfin,bodywithirregularnetworkofbandsandblotches,
Nemachilicthys have only one species each, Nemacheilus dorsal andcaudal finswith4 ormorerowsofdarkbandsand
brevis and Nemacheilus ruppelli respectively. Ten species ablackocellusatthe lowerangleofthecaudalpeduncle,very
have so far been described under the genus Nemacheilus in neartothe caudal origin.
Kerala waters. (Jayaram 1999) and a few species described Description: Based on 3 specimens collected
earlier have been treated as synonyms of these 10 species from Thannikkudy, Periyar lake, ranging from 67.38 to
(Menon 1999). While investigating the fish fauna ofPeriyar 69.58mmSL.
.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS
Scalel cm
I t 1
0 1 2
Fig. 1: Nemacheilusperiyarensissp nov.
DI,9;PI,9;VI,6;AI,5;Cl9. distance 4.59%-5.01% in SL, pre-pectoral distance 19.49-
Dorsal profileslightlyarched, comparedtotheventral. 25.20%inSL.Caudalforked.
Lateral line ending above the anal origin. Eyes moderately Colouration:Groundcolourlightbrownwithirregularly
large, nostrils close to each other, head longer than broad, descendingnarrowyellowbands,whichsometimescoalesce
mouthmoreor lesssemicircular, subterminal with theupper to form reticular networks. Irregular yellow spots or bands
jaw slightly prolonged. Barbels well developed, 3 pairs, dispersed between them. Bands also arise from the ventral
depth ofthe body 12.5-13.69%(13.059) inSL, length ofthe sidetowardsthelateral line.Thepatternofcolourationextends
head 17.73-22.87% (20.3) of SL, snout length less than on to the head and snout region. Dorsal fin marked with
interorbital width, the latter less than the postorbital length. 4darkbands,whilecaudal finhas5 narrowdarkbands. Bands
Eyesnotvisiblefromventral sideofthehead,diameter 19.88- are also seen on the paired fins. Pectoral fins are eitherwith
26.33% (23.10) ofhead length, shorter than the interorbital dusky rays or with well-distinguished dark band. Ventral
width,38.4-72.5%(55.45)ofthe latter.Anteriornostrilsflap- fins have two narrow dark coloured bands. Anal fin also
like. Mouth slightly pointed rather than semicircular, lips with two dark narrow bands. Dark ocellus at the lower
fleshy, lower lip interrupted in the middle. Barbels well angle ofthe caudal peduncle, close to the origin ofcaudal
developed, broaderattheirbasesandwithpointedtips, outer rays.
rostral barbels longer than inner ones and are equal to or Distribution: Thannikkudy in Periyar lake, Kerala,
largerthanthemaxillarybarbels,notextendingtotheanterior South India.
borderofeye.Caudalpeduncle length 10.34-13.56%(1 1.95) Etymology: Named after the water body from where
inSL, leastdepth65.23-79.83%(72.53)inhead length. (Mean the specimens were collected.
value in parentheses) Remarks: Thenewspecies,Nemacheilusperiyarensis
Squamation: Lateral lineincomplete,endingabovethe shows close resemblance to Nemacheiluspulchellus (Day)
origin ofthe anal fin or slightly behind it, and followed by a reported from North India in its colouration and body
shallow groove, which becomes deeper as it reaches the characteristics. However, the new species can easily be
caudal peduncle. Scalessmall, imbricate,coveringthewhole distinguished from Nemacheiluspulchellus by the presence
body except ventral profile between pectoral and pelvic of9branched raysonthedorsal finagainst 10branched rays
fins. reported in the latter. Further, unlike in N. pulchellus only
,
Fins: Dorsal fin insertedclosertosnoutthantocaudal the lowerlip is interrupted inthe middleandthe lateral line is
Its base larger, forming63.97-84.74% ofthe height. Height notcomplete inthenewspecies. Thenewspeciesalsoshows
89.18% in head length. Pectorals smallerthan head length, similaritywithNemacheiluspetrubanarescui(Menon 1984)
83.72% in head length. Pelvic fins smaller than head and in colourpattern and ratio ofbody depthto standard length.
pectoral fins, length 70.92% in head length and 77.77% in However, the dorsal fin is not inserted equidistantly
pectoral fin length. Ventral not reaching anal fins and the between the snout and caudal fin in Nemacheilus
latternot reachingthe caudal fin. Distancebetweenpectoral periyarensis. Also, in the former, the dorsal fin has
and ventral is 26.32% in SL. Distance between ventral and only 8 rays. The new species described is compared
analfins24.57-30.2%inSL. Pre-analdistance70.1 1%-78.6% with closely related species, the results are given in
in SL,pre-dorsal distancesmaller,43-48%inSL. Pre-ventral Table 1
76 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005
)
NEW DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1: Comparison of Nemacheilus periyarensis sp nov. with closely related species
Character N periyarensis N pulchellus N guentheri N. petrubanarescui N triangularis
No ofrays on the 9 10 8 8 8
dorsal fin
Insertion of dorsal fin Closerto the snout Equidistantor Equidistant between Equidistant between Equidistant between
than to the caudal slightly closer to the the snout and the snout and the snout and
snout caudal fin caudal fin caudal fin
No ofbarbels 3 pairs 3 pairs 3 pairs 3 pairs 3 pairs
Colour pattern Bands descending Yellow spots and 2-3 rows of yellow 7-8 saddle shaped Varies considerably
on body from dorsal to ventral bands between the spots on the body, bands which are with age. Yellow
side, oblique, forming vertical bands black edged anteriorly broken 'Y’-shaped bands
network. Yellow into a numberof
oblique spots narrow bands
dispersed
Bands on fins 4 rows of bands on Dorsal fin with two 3-4 rows of spots A row of spots on Dorsal and caudal
dorsal, 5 rows on dark bands on dorsal dorsal, two dark with two bands
caudal, 2 rows on bands on caudal each,analandpelvic
ventral arid anal, fins with one each
single on pectoral
Placementofvent Closertothe anal Closertothe anal Closerto the anal Closertothe anal Closerto the anal
fin, and the distance and the distance and the distance and the distance and the distance
between the anal fin between the anal between the anal between the anal between the anal
origin tothe anal fin origin tothe fin origin to the fin origin to the fin origin tothe anal
opening forms anal opening anal opening forms anal opening forms opening forms
18 78% in the forms 16 17% in 18 55% in the 29 8% in the 23.66% in the
distance between the distance distance between distance between distance between
the ventral fin origin between the the ventral fin the ventral fin the ventral fin origin
and anal fin origin ventral fin origin origin and anal fin origin and anal and anal fin origin
and analfin origin origin fin origin
Lateral line Incomplete,ending Complete Incomplete,ending Incomplete,ending Complete
atthe origin ofanal above the anal fin at the base of anal
fin fin
KeytothespeciesofNemacheilus(Bleekf.r 1863 Dorsal tin with 8 branched rays, lateral line complete or
REPORTEDFROMFRESHWATERSOFKERALA incomplete 7
7. Body marked with 2 or 3 rows oflarge yellow spots edged
1. Pairofwelldevelopednasalbarbels 2 withblack,lateral lineincomplete... Nemacheilusguentheri
Nowell developednasal barbels 3 Body with oblique bands 8
2. Bodymarked with well-defined and regularcrossbars 8. Body with Y-shaped bands Nemacheilustriangularis
Nemacheilusevezardi Bodywith varyingnumberofwavybandswhich sometimes
Body marked with narrow, small bars that are irregularly coalescetoform reticulatenetworks 9
dispersed Nemacheiluskeralensis 9. Saddle-shaped7-8blackbands,sideswithvaryingnumberof
—3. Body marked by seriesofvertical bars 4 bands, broken up into narrowbands anteriorly
Body not marked with a seriesofvertical bars 5 Nemacheiluspetrubanarescui
4. Caudal emarginate, lateral line ending in front ofdorsal fin Body with irregular dark blotches on back, sides with
— Nemacheilusdenisonii reticulationofdarkblotchesand wavybands
Caudal forked, lateral linecomplete, bodywith vertical bars Nemacheilusmenonii
and black spots Nemacheilussemiarmatus
5. Body with moniliform black lateral band, seven branched
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
— rayson dorsal fin Nemacheilusmonilis
Bodymarkedwith irregularnetofdarkbrownishandwhitish
yellowbars,amediumsized small darkbaratbaseofcaudal
The authors sincerely thank the Officer-in-Charge of
fin 6
6. Dorsal fin with 9branched rays, lateral line incomplete Zoological Survey ofIndia and scientists for help rendered
Nemacheilusperiyarensis in identifying the new species. Special thanks are due to
1 Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005 77
)
NEW DESCRIPTIONS
Dr. K. RemaDeviandDr.T.J. Indrafortheirsincereeffortin C. Hridayanathan, Director, School of Industrial Fisheries,
separating the new species from our collection of for providing necessary facilities for carrying out this
loaches examined by them. The financial support given study. Deep gratitude is also extended to C.P. Sunil Kumar
by the NAT-ICAR Project for the present study is and M.D. Mahesan who assisted the team for the
thankfully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Prof. (Dr.) survey.
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