Fishes : a guide to their diversity

336 Pages·2014·23.594 MB·English

by  Philip A. Hastings, Harold Jack Walker Jr., Grantly R. Galland

Fishes
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Fishes
A Guide to Their Diversity
PHILIP A. HASTINGS, H.(cid:2)J. WALKER, and GRANTLY R. GALLAND
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
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University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches
lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its
activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and
institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Oakland, California
© 2014 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hastings, Philip A., author.
Fishes : a guide to their diversity / Philip Alan Hastings, H.J. Walker, and Grantly R. Galland.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-520-27872-1 (Cloth) — isbn 978-0-520-28353-4 (Paper) — isbn 978-0-520-95933-0 (e-book)
1. Fishes—Anatomy. 2.  Fishes—Classifi cation. 3. Fishes—Identifi cation. I. Walker, H. J. (Harold Jack),
1950– author. II. Galland, Grantly R., 1982– author. III. Title.
QL615.H37 2014
597—dc23 2014011258
Manufactured in China
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48– 1992 (R 2002)
(Permanence of Paper). 8
Cover photographs (top to bottom, left to right): Logperch, Percina caprodes; Roosterfi sh, Nematistius pectoralis;
Fantail Filefi sh, Pervagor spilosoma; Scribbled Pipefi sh, Corythoichthys intestinalis; Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon
marinus; Nightlight Lanternfi sh, Myctophum lychnobium; Rockmover Wrasse, Novaculichthys taeniourus;
Coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae; Humpback Anglerfi sh, Melanocetus johnsonii; Horn Shark, Heterodontus
francisci. All specimens and photographs are from the Marine Vertebrate Collection, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, University of California, San Diego.
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Dedicated to the many students of fi shes who helped build and maintain the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s Marine Vertebrate Collection and to all who
have built and maintained natural history collections throughout the world
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CONTENTS
Complete Contents ix
Introduction xvii
Anatomy of Fishes(cid:2)1
THE FISHES: VERTEBRATA— Vertebrates(cid:2)13
Agnatha (Cyclostomata)— Jawless Fishes(cid:2)15
Gnathostomata—J awed Vertebrates(cid:2)19
Chondrichthyes— Cartilaginous Fishes(cid:3)21
Osteichthyes—B ony Fishes(cid:3)51
Sarcopterygii—Lobe-fi nned Fishes(cid:3)52
Actinopterygii—R ay-fi nned Fishes(cid:2)55
Actinopterygii I: Lower Ray-fi nned Fishes(cid:3)57
Actinopterygii II: Acanthomorpha—S piny-rayed Fishes(cid:3)107
Glossary 239
References 245
Index 289
Phylogenetic hypothesis including all orders covered in this book (inside back cover).
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COMPLETE CONTENTS
Introduction xvii
What Is a Fish? xvii
Why This Book? xviii
Systematics of Fishes xviii
About This Book xix
Anatomy of Fishes(cid:2)1
External Anatomy 2
Body Shapes 3
Fins 4
Fin-ray Elements and Dorsal-fi n Confi gurations 5
Pelvic-fi n Positions 6
Caudal-fi n Shapes 7
Mouth Positions 8
Oral and Pharyngeal Jaw Diversity 8
Standard Measurements 9
Sensory Systems 10
Skeletal Anatomy 11
THE FISHES: VERTEBRATA— Vertebrates(cid:2)13
Agnatha (Cyclostomata)— Jawless Fishes(cid:2)15
Myxiniformes—M yxinidae—H agfi shes(cid:3)15
Petromyzontiformes—L ampreys(cid:3)16
Petromyzontidae—N orthern Lampreys(cid:3)17
ix
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