Fish and\Fildlife - Alaska Resources Library & Information Services PDF
Preview Fish and\Fildlife - Alaska Resources Library & Information Services
Habitat Guide Alas~a Mana~ement Western and Interior Re~ions Distribution, Abundance, and Human Use of Fish and Wildlife Produced by State of Alas~ Department of Fish and Game Division of Habitat Juneau, Alaska 1986 ©t986BYTHE ALASKA DEPAili'MENT OF FISH AND GAME Contents xx vii Aclmowl~ments Introduction 3 DIST:QIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SELECTED FISH AND WILDLIFE Wildlife Marine MaiTIIla 1s Belukha whale 19 Regionwide 19 Bowhead whale 23 Regionwide 23 Pacific walrus 27 Regionwide 27 Pacific walrus population 31 Polar bear 35 Regionwide 35 Western Alaska subpopulation 39 Terrestrial MaiTIIlals Brown bear 43 Regionwide 43 Caribou 49 Regionwide 49 Chisana Herd 57 Denali Herd 59 Kilbuck-Kuskokwim Mountains Herd 63 Andreafsky Mountains Herd 66 Delta Hera 66 Macomb Herd 70 Yanert Herd 70 Fortymile Herd 71 Beaver Mountains Herd 75 Sunshine Mountain Herd 75 Big River (Farewell) Herd 76 Rainy Pass Herd 76 Tonzona Herd 76 Da 11 sheep 83 Regionwide 83 Alaska Range 85 Moose 103 Regionwide 103 iii Contents (continued) GMU 12 105 GMU 18 106 GMU 19 106 GMS 20A 106 GMS 20B 107 GMS 20C 107 GMS 20D 107 GMS 20E 107 GMS 20F 108 GMS 21A 108 GMS 21B 108 GMS 21C 108 GMS 21D 108 GMS 21E 109 GMU 24 109 GMU 25 109 Birds Ducks and geese 115 Reg i onwi de 115 Yukon-Kuskokwim delta 121 Innoko 124 Koyukuk 124 Tanana-Kuskokwim 125 Yukon Flats 125 Tetlin-Northway 127 Management history 127 Fish Freshwater/Anadromous Fish Arctic char/Dolly Varden 133 Regionwide 133 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 135 South Slope Brooks Range Area 136 Fairbanks Area 137 Arctic grayling 141 Regionwide 141 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 145 South Slope Brooks Range Area 146 Fairbanks Area 147 Broad whitefish 169 Regionwide 169 Fairbanks Area 171 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 172 South Slope Brooks Range Area 172 iv Contents (continued) Burbot 181 Regionwide 181 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 183 South Slope Brooks Range Area 183 Fairbanks Area 184 Humpback whitefish 189 Regionwide 189 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 191 South Slope Brooks Range Area 192 Fairbanks Area 193 Lake trout 199 Regionwide 199 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 201 South Slope Brooks Range Area 202 Fairbanks Area 202 Enhancement 203 Least cisco 207 Regional distribution 207 Areas used seasonally and for life functions 207 Factors affecting distribution 208 Movements between areas 208 Population size estimation 208 Northern pike 211 Reg i onwi de 211 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 213 South Slope Brooks Range Area 214 Fairbanks Area 214 Rainbow trout 219 Regionwide distribution and relative abundance 219 Regional distribution maps 219 Factors affecting distribution 219 Movements between areas 221 Salmon 223 Regionwide 223 Kuskokwim Management Area 225 Yukon Management Area 236 Sheefish 267 Regionwide 267 Kuskokwim River population distribution and abundance 268 Lower and middle Yukon River anadromous sheefish distribution and abundance 270 Nonanadromous sheefish distribution and abundance 271 Enhancement 273 Marine Fish Pacific halibut 279 Pacific herring 285 Regionwide 285 v Contents (continued) Goodnews Bay and Security Cove districts 286 Nunivak Island and Nelson Island districts 287 Cape Romanzof District 289 Saffron cod 291 Yellowfin sole 295 Shellfish King crab 303 Regionwide 303 Norton Sound 304 Saint Matthew-Saint Lawrence islands 305 Shrimp regional overview 309 Distribution and abundance 309 Management history and reported use 309 Management objectives and considerations 312 Period of use and harvest methods 313 Tanner crab regional overview 315 Distribution and abundance 315 Management history and reported use 317 Management objectives and considerations 319 Period of use and harvest methods 320 HUMAN USE OF SELECTED FISH AND WILDLIFE Hun~ and Trapp~ Brown bear 323 Population management history 323 GMU 12 323 GMU 18 326 GMU 19 327 GMU 20 328 GMU 21 330 GMU 24 331 GMU 25 332 Caribou 337 Population management history 337 Delta Caribou Herd (GMS 20C) 338 Fortymile Caribou Herd (GMU 12 and GMSs 20B, 20D, 20E, 25C) 341 Chisana Herd 348 Macomb Herd 351 Dall Sheep 355 Population management history 355 · Tok Management Area (TMA) 357 vi Contents (continued) Delta Controlled Use Area (DCUA) - portions of GMSs 20A, 200, and 138 360 GMU 12 - excluding TMA and DCUA 363 GMS 168 366 GMS 198 367 GMS 19C 370 GMS 20A 372 GMS 20C 375 GMS 20E -Glacier Mountain Controlled Use Area (GMCUA) 376 GMS 20E (except GMCUA) and that portion of GMS 200 north of the Alaska highway 377 GMU 24 379 GMS 25A 381 GMS 25C 383 Moose 391 Population management history 391 GMU 12 393 GMU 18 394 GMU 19 396 GMS 20A 397 GMS 208 398 GMS 20C 399 GMS 200 401 GMS 20E 402 GMS 20F 403 GMS 21A 403 GMS 218 404 GMS 21C 405 GMS 210 406 GMS 21E 407 GMU 24 408 GMU 25 409 Furbearers 459 Population management history 459 Interior Region (GMUs 12, 19, 20, 21, 24, and 25) 463 Western Region (GMU 18) 476 Commercial Pis~ Pacific halibut 513 Population management history 513 Management objectives 521 Management considerations 522 Commercial and subsistence harvest of Pacific herring 527 Population management history 527 Security Cove and Goodnews Bay districts 533 vii Contents (continued) Nelson Island and Nunivak Island districts 535 Cape Romanzof District 539 Commercial and subsistence harvest of salmon 543 Population management history 543 Kuskokwim Management Area 544 All-species harvest 546 Chum salmon harvest 551 Coho salmon harvest 555 Chinook salmon harvest 558 Pink salmon harvest 563 Sockeye salmon harvest 567 Management objectives 571 Management considerations 573 Yukon Management Area 575 All-species harvest 577 Chum salmon harvest 582 Chinook salmon harvest 588 Coho salmon harvest 593 Management objectives 599 Management considerations 601 She 11 fish King crab 611 Population management history 611 Norton Sound Section 616 St. Matthews and St. Lawrence islands sections 619 Shrimp regional overview 309 Distribution and abundance 309 Management history and reported use 309 Management objectives and considerations 312 Period of use and harvest methods 313 Tanner crab regional overview 315 Distribution and abundance 315 Management history and reported use 317 Management objectives and considerations 319 Period of use and harvest methods 320 Sportfis~ Management history 625 Alaska statewide sportfishing harvest monitoring 626 Regional harvest summary 627 Harvest survey areas 628 Lower Yukon-Kuskokwim Area 628 South Slope Brooks Range Area 634 Fairbanks Area 638 vi-ii Contents (continued) Subsistence and Other Local Uses of Resources Western Region 679 Location and environment 679 History and patterns of human activity 683 Population 686 Regional economy 688 Transportation 690 Use of fish and game and other natural resources 691 Interior Region 781 Location and environment 781 History and pattern of human activity 783 Population 792 Regional economy 793 Transportation 794 Land status 795 Contemporary subsistence use of wild resources 795 Appendices A. Directory of reviewers and contributors 845 B. Abbreviations 847 C. Wildlife management goals and objectives 849 Maps Wildlife Distribution and Abundance Brown bear 1. GMUs of the Western and Interior regions 44 Caribou 1. Distribution of the Chisana Caribou Herd 50 2. Ranges of the Delta, Yanert, and Macomb caribou herds 52 3. Annual distribution of the Fortymile Caribou Herd in Alaska 53 4. The upper Kuskokwim River valley 54 5. Major caribou calving grounds of the Denali Caribou Herd 60 6. Distribution of the Fortymile Caribou Herd 73 Dall sheep 1. NPS survey areas in the Wrangell Mountains 86 ix Maps (continued) Moose 1. GMUs of the Western and Interior regions 104 Ducks and geese 1. USFWS waterfowl breeding population survey strata 120 Fish Distribution and Abundance Arctic char/Dolly Varden 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 134 Arctic grayling 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 142 Broad whitefish 1. Arctic, Western, and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 170 Burbot 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 182 Humpback whitefish 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 190 Lake trout 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 200 Northern pike 1. Western and Interior regions sport fish survey areas 212 Pacific halibut 1. Regulatory areas for the Pacific halibut fishery 281 Yellowfin sole 1. Yellowfin sole biomass in metric tons 297 Shrimp 1. Shrimp commercial fishing districts of the Bering Sea in Statistical Area J 311 Tanner crab 1. Tanner crab fishing subdistricts and sections of the Bering Sea District in Statistical Area J 316 Hun~ and Trapp~ Brown bear 1. GMUs of the Westen and Interior regions 324 Caribou 1. GMUs of the Western and Interior regions 339 Da 11 sheep 1. GMUs of the Western and Interior regions 356 2. Locations of the Tok Management Area and the Delta Controlled Use Ared 361 Moose 1. GMUs of the Western and Interior regions 392 X
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