Fish and Amphibian Health PDF
Preview Fish and Amphibian Health
Fish and Amphibian Health Disease • Disease rarely results from simple contact between host and a potential pathogen • Environmental problems, such as poor water quality, or other stressors often contribute to the outbreak of disease Disease Majority of diseases of amphibians relate directly or indirectly to husbandry and management Signs Of Sick Fish (cid:1) Stop feeding (cid:1) Appear lethargic (cid:1) Hanging listlessly in shallow water (cid:1) Gasping at the surface (cid:1) Rubbing against objects (cid:1) Presence of sores (ulcers or hemorrhages) (cid:1) Ragged fins (cid:1) Abnormal body confirmation: • Distended abdomen • Dropsy • Exophthalmia or Popeye (cid:1) Dead or dying animals Signs Of Sick Fish Lethargic Gasping at the Listlessly in shallow water surface hemorrhages Ragged fins Exophthalmia Distended abdomen Dropsy Signs Of Sick Frog (cid:1) Thin and Weak (cid:1) Anorexia (cid:1) Color change- pale or very dark or shades of red, khaki (cid:1) Lumps, abscesses, lesions (cid:1) Red or pink flush or 'pimples' on the belly (ventral surface) (cid:1) Excessive skin shedding (cid:1) Very slimy coating (cid:1) Cottony or thread like substances on the frog (cid:1) Eyes cloudy or retractable membrane completely or partially covering the eye (cid:1) Discoloration of the eyes (cid:1) Body swollen up (cid:1) Underside of the body is red, pink or orange (cid:1) Trouble swimming Signs Of Sick Frog Flaky skin, excessive sloughing of skin Cutaneous hemorrhages Fluid accumulation under Discoloration, cloudy eyes and between skin membranes Disease Two categories of disease Infectious diseases- (cid:1) Parasitic (cid:1) Bacterial (cid:1) Viral (cid:1) Fungal diseases Non-infectious diseases- (cid:1) Environmental (cid:1) Nutritional (cid:1) Genetic and neoplasms Fish Infectious Diseases Parasites Parasites (and pathogens) need to avoid killing their hosts, since extinct hosts can mean extinct parasites Parasites can be internal (endoparasites) or external (ectoparasites) Protozoans single-celled microscopic organism infest the gills, skin and internal organs Cestode (tapeworm) adults are white, flattened, segmented worms; inhabiting the intestine Nematode (Roundworm) round elongated bodies no segmentation and suckers. common fish parasites Monogenea (flatworms) feeding on mucus and epithelial cells of the skin and gills Fish Infectious Diseases Parasites Protozoans Nematode Cestode Monogenea
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