First-Trimester Ultrasound

412 Pages·2015·21.53 MB·English

by  Jacques S. Abramowicz

Jacques S. Abramowicz
Editor
First-Trimester
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A Comprehensive Guide
123
First-Trimester Ultrasound

Jacques S. Abramowicz
Editor
First-Trimester
Ultrasound
A Comprehensive Guide
Editor
Jacques S. Abramowicz, MD
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit , MI , USA
ISBN 978-3-319-20202-0 ISBN 978-3-319-20203-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20203-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946610
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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Pref ace
There is, to our knowledge, no Ultrasound book dedicated exclusively to the
fi rst trimester of pregnancy. The present book, authored by, arguably, the best
in their fi eld, comes to fi ll this void. It is devoted to the early stages of preg-
nancy, normal and abnormal, including, among others, the period immedi-
ately preceding it, embryology notions, maternal diseases that can justify
early scanning, elements of teratology, examination guidelines, normal anat-
omy and fetal anomalies, the fetal heart, multiple gestations, genetics con-
cepts, new rules in the diagnosis of viable and ectopic gestations, gestational
trophoblastic disease, invasive procedures and gynecological incidental fi nd-
ings, as well as chapters on the use of Doppler and three-dimensional ultra-
sound. The wonderful authors, rather than receiving strict limits, were given
“literary freedom.” Thus, there is inevitable overlap between chapters. I apol-
ogize to the reader, but, since it is safe to assume that most will not read this
book cover to cover in a single session, each chapter is independent and will
provide information about an entire and, sometimes, expanded topic. The
number of healthcare professionals—physicians, sonographers, nurses—
using ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology is ever growing. A large num-
ber of specialties, from obstetrics and gynecology and maternal-fetal medicine
to, naturally, radiology as well as emergency medicine and family medicine,
employ this technology daily. It is hoped that this will be a reference for all
these as well as for students, residents, and fellows in these various fi elds.
I am deeply grateful to all the authors for accepting to be part of this
endeavor. Thank you to all the sonographers with whom I’ve worked over the
years and to my patients and their babies who have taught me so much.
This book is dedicated to my parents, Sarah and Theo; my children, Shelly
and Ory (and their spouses, Garrett and Esther); my grandchildren, Sarah and
Noah-Theo; and mostly to my wife, Annie, my best friend, the love of my life.
Detroit, MI, USA Jacques S. Abramowicz, MD
v

Contents
1 Ultrasound in the First Trimester and Earlier:
How to Keep It Safe ...................................................................... 1
Jacques S. Abramowicz
2 Ultrasound and Infertility ............................................................ 21
Sana N. Khan and Elizabeth E. Puscheck
3 Maternal Comorbidities and First-Trimester
Ultrasound Examination .............................................................. 45
Elena Bronshtein and Karoline S. Puder
4 First-Trimester Embryology: An Overview ............................... 59
Cresta W. Jones , Deborah Penzkover , Rachel Pollard ,
and Randall S. Kuhlmann
5 Elements of Teratology ................................................................. 77
Eran Barzilay and Gideon Koren
6 First-Trimester Ultrasound: Guidelines ..................................... 91
Jude P. Crino and Robert M. Ehsanipoor
7 Normal First Trimester of Pregnancy ......................................... 99
Kalesha Hack and Phyllis Glanc
8 Aneuploidy Screening: The Ongoing Role
of First- Trimester Ultrasound ...................................................... 131
Kristen M. Rauch , Melissa A. Hicks , Henry Adekola ,
and Jacques S. Abramowicz
9 Fetal Biometry in Early Pregnancy ............................................. 153
Lea M. Porche , Steven Warsof , and Alfred Abuhamad
10 Threshold, Discriminatory Zone, and “The New Rules” .......... 167
James M. Shwayder
11 The Fetal Heart in Early Pregnancy ........................................... 173
Edgar Hernandez-Andrade and Manasi S . Patwardhan
12 Doppler Sonography in Early Pregnancy ................................... 195
Dev Maulik , Timothy L. Bennett , Blake Porter ,
Shilpa Babbar , and Devika Maulik
vii
viii Contents
13 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound: A Role
in Early Pregnancy?...................................................................... 213
Luís F. Gonçalves
14 Multiple Gestations—Multiple Headaches ................................. 223
Jacques S. Abramowicz
15 First-Trimester Ultrasound: Early Pregnancy Failure.............. 253
Timothy P. Canavan and Joan M. Mastrobattista
16 Ectopic Pregnancy: Pregnancy of Unknown
Location (PUL) .............................................................................. 283
Linda Do and James M. Shwayder
17 A Consequence of Cesarean Delivery: First-Trimester
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy ............................................................. 299
Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch , Ana Monteagudo ,
and Terri-Ann Bennett
18 First-Trimester Ultrasound in Gestational
Trophoblastic Disease ................................................................... 327
Katharine M. Esselen , Donald P. Goldstein ,
Neil S. Horowitz , and Ross S. Berkowitz
19 Fetal Anomalies ............................................................................. 339
Ana Monteagudo , Margaret Dziadosz , and Ilan E. Timor-Tritsch
20 Invasive Procedures in the First Trimester................................. 367
Mark I. Evans , Jenifer Curtis , Stephanie Andriole ,
and Shara M. Evans
21 Sonography of Pelvic Masses Associated
with Early Pregnancy ................................................................... 383
Chelsea R. Samson , Rochelle F. Andreotti , Rifat A. Wahab ,
Glynis Sacks , and Arthur C. Fleischer
Index ....................................................................................................... 397
Contributors
Jacques S. Abramowicz , MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
Alfred Abuhamad , MD Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk ,
VA , USA
Henry Adekola , MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit
Medical Center , Hutzel Women’s Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA
Rochelle F. Andreotti , MD Department of Radiology and Radiological
Sciences , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
Stephanie Andriole , MS, CGC Comprehensive Genetics , New York ,
NY , USA
Shilpa Babbar , MBBS Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Truman
Medical Center , Kansas City , MO , USA
Eran Barzilay , MD, PhD Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical
Pharmacology and Toxicology , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto ,
ON , Canada
Terri-Ann Bennett , BS, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ,
New York University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
Timothy L. Bennett , MD Fetal Health Center , Children’s Mercy Hospital ,
Kansas City , MO , USA
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , UMKC School of Medicine ,
Kansas City , MO , USA
Ross S. Berkowitz , MD Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
Elena Bronshtein , MD Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Women’s Hospital , Wayne State
University , Detroit , MI , USA
Troy, MI, USA
ix