RILEM Bookseries Timothy Wangler · Robert J. Flatt Editors First RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication – Digital Concrete 2018 First RILEM International Conference – on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Digital Concrete 2018 RILEM BOOKSERIES Volume 19 RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials,SystemsandStructures,foundedin1947,isanon-governmentalscientific association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sciences, techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communication it fosters betweenresearchandpractice.RILEM’sfocusisonconstructionmaterialsandtheir useinbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures,coveringallphasesofthebuilding process from manufacture to use and recycling of materials. More information on RILEManditspreviouspublicationscanbefoundonwww.RILEM.net. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8781 Timothy Wangler Robert J. Flatt (cid:129) Editors First RILEM International Conference on Concrete – and Digital Fabrication Digital Concrete 2018 123 Editors Timothy Wangler RobertJ. Flatt Physical Chemistry of Building Materials Physical Chemistry of Building Materials ETHZürich ETHZürich Zürich,Switzerland Zürich,Switzerland ISSN 2211-0844 ISSN 2211-0852 (electronic) RILEMBookseries ISBN978-3-319-99518-2 ISBN978-3-319-99519-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99519-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018951891 ©RILEM2019 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof beingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Dear Colleagues, WearepleasedtoorganizetheRILEM1stInternationalConferenceonConcrete and Digital Fabrication, also known as Digital Concrete 2018, held from 10 to 12 September 2018 in Zurich, Switzerland. This is the first conference in this series, marking the beginning of a new research field in digital fabrication with concrete. The conference arose as a result of work initiated by the RILEM Technical Committee on Digital Fabrication with Cement-based Materials (RILEM TC 276-DFC), which was kicked off in 2016 in Washington, DC, due to a bur- geoning interest in the techniques of digital fabrication and their application to cement-basedmaterialssuchasconcrete.Theinterestinthistopicintensifiedtothe pointthatatthesecondmeetingoftheRILEMTC276-DFC,inZurich,Switzerland, aninternationalworkshopwashostedinwhichsomeofthepioneersofthefieldwere invited to speak. The attendance of the workshop was overwhelming compared to what was expected, and what was particularly striking was the very large industry presence at the workshop. At this point, the decision to host the 1st International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication was made, with the host being ETH Zurich, and with the support of RILEM and the National Centre for Competence in Research for Digital Fabrication in Architecture, a Swiss National ScienceFoundationresearchfundinginitiativetoexplorethepossibilitiesofdigital fabrication for construction and architecture. A key part of the decision for Zurich was that the ROB|ARCH Conference, the largest conference on robotics in archi- tecture,wastakingplaceatthesametime,andtheexpectedinteractionsbetweenthe twoconferenceswouldlikelybeafertilegroundtoproducenewcollaborationsand new ideas. For the conference, over 100 extended abstracts from around the world were submitted and reviewed, with 65 invited for oral presentations, and 45 invited to writeaproceedingspaper.Ofthese,30authorssubmittedpapersthatwerealsopeer reviewed. All reviews were performed by members of the scientific committee, which consisted of the membership of the TC 276-DFC. These papers reflect closely the content of the submissions to the conference, which can be broadly divided into three major themes: (1) Materials and Processing, (2) Mechanics and v vi Preface Structure and (3) Applications and Other Topics. These themes are also highly reflective of the researchers and practitioners who are most interested in this field: experts in fresh state properties and their control and evolution (rheology), experts in hardened properties and structural performance (structural engineering and durability) and experts in utilization, design and realization of these budding technologies (design and architecture). All extended abstracts will be available electronically to conference participants. During the conference,two awards weregiven torecognize twopioneersinthe fieldofdigitalfabricationwithconcrete:Prof.BerokhKhoshnevisoftheUniversity of Southern California and Contour Crafting Corporation and pioneer of the Contour Crafting process, and Enrico Dini, founder of D-Shape, a pioneer in the field of large-scale particle bed printing. In addition to these proceedings, a special issue of Cement and Concrete Research has been published on the topic of digital fabrication with concrete, with invited papers from groups of experts all contributing on various topics, again closely correlated with the above-named themes, and the editors of these pro- ceedingsinvitetheparticipantstoreadthesepapersaswell,whichwefeelwilljoin these proceedings as keystone scientific works that will help to guide future researchers with interest in this topic. The organizers would like to reiterate their special thanks to the RILEM Technical Committee on Digital Fabrication with Cement-based Materials for playing their role as Scientific Committee in reviewing the extended abstracts and proceedings. The excellent contributions and expertise of the authors and conference partic- ipants are acknowledged here, as well as the direct support of the industrial sponsors, listed here in alphabetical order: Akzo Nobel, Arup, Autodesk, BASF, Basler Hofmann, Boston Consulting Group, Dow Chemical, Kerneos, LafargeHolcim, Laticrete, Omya, Sika AG and Voxeljet. The editors also offer special thanks to all the institutional support in organi- zation of this seminal event: RILEM, ETH Zurich, the Department of Civil, EnvironmentalandGeomaticEngineering,theInstituteforBuildingMaterials,and the National Centre for Competence in Research in Digital Fabrication in Architecture in particular, whose management team, being directly involved in organization of ROB|ARCH, provided much direct and behind the scenes support throughouttheorganizationofthis conference.Wefinallyofferourdeepestthanks to the local Organizing Committee, for their tireless support throughout the orga- nization and execution of this new event. September 2018 Timothy Wangler Robert J. Flatt Organization Conference Committees Conference Chair Robert J. Flatt ETH Zurich, Switzerland Conference Vice Chair Timothy Wangler ETH Zurich, Switzerland International Scientific Committee Nicolas Roussel (Chair) IFSTTAR, France Domenico Asprone University of Naples Federico II, Italy Miguel Azenha University of Minho, Portugal Hela Bessaies-Bey IFSTTAR, France Freek Bos TU Eindhoven, Netherlands Richard Buswell Loughborough University, UK Rolands Cepuritis NORCEM, Norway Vitor Cunha University of Minho, Portugal Geert De Schutter Ghent University, Belgium Fabrice Decroix Sika, France Vivien Esnault LafargeHolcim, France Liberato Ferrara Politecnico di Milano, Italy Asko Fromm Hochschule Wismar, Germany Steffen Grünewald TU Delft, Netherlands vii viii Organization Scott Jones National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA Shiho Kawashima Columbia University, USA Jae Hong Kim Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea Ulrich Knaack TU Darmstadt, Germany Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva Danish Technological Institute, Denmark Karel Lesage Ghent University, Belgium Ena Lloret-Fritschi ETH Zurich, Switzerland Dirk Lowke TU Braunschweig, Germany Delphine Marchon University of California, Berkeley, USA Jaime Mata-Falcón ETH Zurich, Switzerland Viktor Mechtcherine TU Dresden, Germany Costantino Menna University of Naples Federico II, Italy Sandro Moro BASF, Italy Berta Mota BAM Berlin, Germany Sandra Nunes University of Porto, Portugal Lars Nyholm Thrane Danish Technological Institute, Denmark Aurélie Papon INSA Toulouse, France Marco Pepe University of Salerno, Italy Arnaud Perrot Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France Bertrand Pouteau Eurovia, France Milan Radosavljevic University of the West of Scotland, UK Theo Salet TU Eindhoven, Netherlands Jay Sanjayan Swinburne University, Australia Roel Schipper TU Delft, Netherlands Surendra Shah Northwestern University, USA Mohammed Sonebi Queen’s University Belfast, UK Stephan Dietmar TU Berlin, Germany Toledo Filho Romildo COPPE/UFRJ, Brazil Fabrice Toussaint LafargeHolcim, France Kim Van Tittelboom Ghent University, Belgium Ksenjia Vasilic BAM Berlin, Germany Giovanni Volpatti Cemex, Switzerland Zhendi Wang China Building Materials Academy, China Xiangming Zhou Brunel University, UK Local Organizing Committee Robert J. Flatt (Chair) ETH Zurich, Switzerland Timothy Wangler ETH Zurich, Switzerland (Vice Chair) Andrea Louys ETH Zurich, Switzerland Organization ix Kornel Kovacs ETH Zurich, Switzerland Orkun Kasap National Centre for Competence in Research in Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Switzerland Daniel Sanz Pont ETH Zurich, Switzerland Lex Reiter ETH Zurich, Switzerland Michele Furlotti ETH Zurich, Switzerland Fabio Scotto ETH Zurich, Switzerland Thibault Demoulin ETH Zurich, Switzerland Nicolas Ruffray ETH Zurich, Switzerland