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FIRST NATIONS AND THE LAW: CASES AND MATERIALS Volume I Patrick: Macklem Faculty of Law University of Toronto Fall 1995 These materials have been prepared exclusively for the use of students of the Faculty of Law, University of Toronto. _ A\\ cr ./ BORA IASKIB L'.W LIBRARY SEP 4 1995 BORA LASKIN LAW LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FIRST NATIONS AND THE LAW: CASES AND MATERIALS Volume I Patrick Macklem Faculty of Law University of Toronto Fall 1995 These materials have been prepared exclusively for the use of students of the Faculty of Law, University of Toronto. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Toronto https://archive.org/details/firstnationslawc01 mack_2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Volume I I. INTRODUCTION Georges Erasmus and Joe Sanders, Canadian History: An Aboriginal Perspective, in Nation to Nation: Aboriginal Sovereignty and the Future of Canada (Englestad & Bird eds. 1992) 3-11 . 1 Alan D. McMillan, Native Peoples and Cultures of Canada (Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1988) 8 Some Facts and Figures . 27 II. THE POLITICS OF INDIGENOUS DIFFERENCE The Justice System and Aboriginal People, in 1 Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba (1991) 115- 117 33 Fred Plain, A Treatise on the Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of the Continent of North America, in The Quest for Justice: Aboriginal Peoples and Aboriginal Rights (Boldt & Long eds. 1985), 31-40 . 35 Russel Lawrence Barsh and James Youngblood Henderson, The Road: Indian Tribes and Political Liberty (1980), 270- 79 . 42 Will Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community and Culture (1991) . 44 III. THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075 . 49 IV. ABORIGINAL TITLE A. The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation of 1763, R.S.C. 1970, App. II, No. 1 . 67 Brian Slattery, The Hidden Constitution: Aboriginal Rights in Canada (1984), 32 Amer. J. Comp. Law 361, at 368-72 . 68 l B. The Marshall Trilogy Johnson v. M'Intosh, 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 543 (1823) . 73 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831) ... 77 Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832) . 81 C. The House of Lords St. Catherines Milling and Lumber Co. v. The Queen (1888), 14 A. C. 46 (P.C.) . 91 In re Southern Rhodesia, [1919] A.C. 211 (P.C.) . 97 Amodu Tijani v. The Secretary, Southern Nigeria, [1921] 2 A.C. 399 (P.C.) . 104 D. Canadian Principles Calder v. Attorney General of British Columbia (1973), 34 D.L.R. (3d) 145 (S.C.C.) . 113 Hamlet of Baker Lake v. Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, [1980] 1 F.C. 518 (F.C.T.D.) 127 Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (June 25, 1993, B.C.C.A.) 142 E. Fiduciary Duty Guerin v. The Queen (1984), 13 D.L.R. (4th) 321 (S.C.C.) 162 Apsassin v. Canada (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development) (1993), 100 D.L.R. (4th) 504 (F.C.A.) 174 Grand Council of the Crees v. Canada (National Energy Board) (1994), 112 D.L.R. (4th) 129 (S.C.C.) . 185 V. THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY Douglas Sanders, The Constitution, the Provinces, and Aboriginal People, in Governments in Conflict: Provinces and Indian Nations in Canada (Long & Boldt eds., 1988), 151-52 . 190 li A. Federal Jurisdiction Ontario Mining Co. v. Seybold, [1903] A.C. 73 (P.C.) ... 192 Re Eskimos, [1939] 2 D.L.R. 417 (S.C.C.) . 195 Note on R. v. Derricksan, 60 D.L.R. (3d) 140 (B.C.C.A.); (1976), 71 D.L.R. (3d) 159 (S.C.C.) . 199 B. Provincial Jurisdiction Cardinal v. A.G. Alberta (1973), 40 D.L.R. (3d) 553 (S.C.C.) 200 Kruger and Manuel v. The Queen (1977), 75 D.L.R. (3d) 434 (S.C.C.) 207 Four B. Manufacturing v. United Garment Workers of America (1979), 102 D.L.R. (3d) 385 (S.C.C.) 212 R. v. Sutherland (1980), 113 D.L.R. (3d) 374 (S.C.C.) .. 219 Dick v. The Queen (1985), 23 D.L.R. (4th) 33 (S.C.C.) .. 221 Jack and Charlie v. The Queen (1985) , 21 D.L.R. (4th) 641 (S.C.C.) 229 Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (June 25, 1993, B.C.C.A.) 237 R. v. Alphonse (June 25, 1993, B.C.C.A.) 238 VI. TREATIES Map of Pre- and Post-Confederation Treaties . 241 A. Introduction Daniel J. Kuhlen, A Layperson's Guide to Treaty Rights in Canada (1985) 242 B. The Classical Approach R. v. Syliboy, [1929] 1 D.L.R. 307 (N.S. Co. Ct.) . 257 C. The Contractual Model Pawis v. The Queen (1979), 102 D.L.R. (3d) 602 (F.C.T.D.) 263 Indian Chiefs of Alberta, "Citizens Plus," in The Only iii Good Indian (1983) . 268 Johnston v. The Queen (1966), 56 D.L.R. (2d) 749 (Sask. C. A. ) . 270 R. v. Sikyea (1964), 43 D.L.R. (2d) 150 (N.W.T.C.A.) ... 272 Sikyea v. The Queen, [1964] S.C.R. 642 (S.C.C.) . 277 D. Recent Developments R. v. Taylor and Williams (1981) 34 O.R. (2d) (C.A.) ... 278 Simon v. The Queen (1985), 24 D.L.R. (4th) 390 (S.C.C.) . 286 Sannichton Marina Ltd. v. Claxton (1987), 18 B.C.L.R. (2d) 217 (B.C.S.C.) . 296 Horse v. The Queen (1988), 47 D.L.R. (4th) 526 (S.C.C.) . 301 Horseman v. The Queen, [1990] 4 W.W.R. 97 (S.C.C.) . 307 R. v. Sioui, [1990] 70 D.L.R. (4th) 427 (S.C.C.) . 320 Bruce W. Hodgins and Jamie Benidickson, The Temagami Experience (1989), 267 . 335 A.G. Ontario v. Bear Island Foundation (1991), 83 D.L.R. (4th) 381 (S.C.C.) . 337 Eastmain Band v. James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (Administrator) (1992), 99 D.L.R. (4th) 16 (F.C.A.) .... 339 R. v. Howard (1994), 115 D.L.R. (4th) 312 (S.C.C.) . 345 R. v. Jones (1993), 14 O.R. (3d) 421 (Prov. Div) . 350 Volume II VII. THE INDIAN ACT A. General Principles Claudia Notzke, Aboriginal Peoples and Natural Resources in Canada (1994) 173-181 . 368 Leroy Little Bear, Indian Government Pursuant to the Indian Act, in Pathways to Self-Determination: Canadian Indians and the Canadian State (Little Bear, Boldt & Long IV eds. 1984) 377 Logan v. Styres (1959), 20 D.L.R. (2d) 416 (Ont. H.C.).. 383 R. Gingrich (1958), 29 W.W.R. 471 (Alta. App. Div.).. 387 A. G.B.C. v. Wale (1987), 9 B.C.L.R. (2d) 333 (B.C.C.A.) 390 Frank Cassidy and Robert L. Bish, Indian Government: Its Meaning in Practice (1989), 40-50 . 399 B. "Harrying Out" Indian Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. 1-16 . 408 Lavell v. A.G. Canada (1973), 38 D.L.R. (3d) 481 (S.C.C.) 410 Lovelace v. Canada, 36 U.N. GOAR Supp. (No. 40) Annex XVIII; U.N. Doc. A/36/40 (1981) . 420 Indian Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1-5 . 426 Report to Parliament, Implementation of the 1985 Changes to the Indian Act (1987), 8-11 . 428 Enough is Enough: Aboriginal Women Speak Out (Silman ed. 1987) , 215-47 . 432 Catharine A. MacKinnon, Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law (1987) , 63-69 . 448 VIII. ABORIGINAL CHILD WELFARE A. Introduction Philip Zylberberg, Who Should Make Child Protection Decisions for the Native Community? (1991), 11 Windsor Yrbk. Access to Justice 74, at 75-79 . 453 B. "The Best Interests of the Child" Racine v. Woods (1983), 1 D.L.R. (4th) 193 (S.C.C.) .... 457 B. B. v. Director of Child and Family Services (1988) , 51 Man. Rep. (2d) 245 (Man. C.A.) . 466 B.B. v. Director of Child and Family Services, [1989] 1 S. C.R. 291 . 471 Tom v. Winnipeg Children's Aid Society (1982), 2 W.W.R. v 212 (Man. C.A.) 472 C. Recent Developments Philip Zylberberg, Who Should Make Child Protection Decisions for the Native Community? (1991), 11 Windsor Yrbk. Access to Justice 74, at 81-83 . 474 C. J.K. v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto, [1989] 4 C.N.L.R. 75 (Ont. Prov. Ct.) . 477 Re Family and Child Service Act of British Columbia, [1990] 4 C.N.L.R. 14 (B.C. Prov. Ct. ) . 484 Jane Doe v. Awasis Agency of Northern Manitoba (1990), 72 D. L.R. (4th) 738 (Man. Q.B.) . 492 IX. RIGHTS OF THE METIS PEOPLE Catherine Bell, Who Are the Metis People in Section 35(2)? (1991), 29 Alta. L. Rev. 351 . 495 Paul Chartrand, Aboriginal Rights: The Dispossession of the Metis (1991), 29 Osgoode Hall L.J. 457 . 504 Dumont v. A.G. Canada (1988), 52 D.L.R. (4th) 25 (Man. C.A.) 516 Dumont v. A. G. Canada (1990), 67 D.L.R. (4th) 159 (S.C.C.) 526 R. v. McPherson, [1992] 4 C.N.L.R. 144 (Man. Prov. Ct.) . 527 X. FIRST NATIONS AND THE CHARTER Mary Ellen Turpel, Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian Charter: Interpretive Monopolies, Cultural Differences (1989-90), 6 Can. Human Rights Yrbk. 3 . 539 Eastmain Band v. Gilpin, [1988] 3 C.N.L.R. (Que. Prov. Ct.) . 544 Manitoba Rice Farmers Association v. Manitoba Human Rights Commission (1987), 50 Man. R. (2d) 92 (Q.B.) .... 554 R. v. Willocks, [1994 1 C.N.L.R. (Ont. C.J.) . 565 Corbiere v. Canada (Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs) (1993), 107 D.L.R. (4th) 582 (F.C.T.D.) . 573 vi