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Hand First Edited byJudith Bookbinder and Sheila Gallagher McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College Hand First CIVIL WAR ERA DRAWINGS FROM THE BECKER COLLECTION Edited byJudith Bookbinder and Sheila Gallagher McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College DistributedbytheUniversityofChicagoPress ThiscatalogueispublishedinconjunctionwiththeexhibitionFirstHand:CivilWarEraDrawingsfromtheBeckerCollection organizedbytheMcMullenMuseumofArt,BostonCollege. September5-December13,2009 Selectionsfromtheexhibitionwilltravelto Saint-GaudensNationalHistoricSite,Cornish,N.H.,2010 VirginiaMuseumofFineArts,Richmond,Va.,2011 Curators:JudithBookbinderandSheilaGallagher TheexhibitionandcatalogueareunderwrittenbyBostonCollegewithmajorsupportfromthePatronsoftheMcMullenMuseum. Additionalsupporthasbeen provided bytheMilitaryHistoricalSocietyofMassachusettsandTracyShupp. Director:NancyNetzer ExhibitionDesignandCoordination:DianaLarsen PublicationCoordinationandCopyediting:MargaretNeeley(precededbyKirstenAtaoguz) Catalogue,ExhibitionText,andWebSiteDesign:JohnMcCoy TheMcMullenMuseumofArt,BostonCollege,ChestnutHill,02467 ©2009bytheMcMullenMuseumofArt Allrightsreserved.Published2009 DistributedbytheUniversityofChicagoPress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyKirkwoodPrinting,Wilmington,Mass. LibraryofCongressControlNumber2009926641 ISBN:978-1-892850-15-7 CovenHenriLovie, BattleofShilohorPittsburghLanding, Tennessee:Centre;SundayMorning{Mail),April6, 1862. Graphiteonwovepaper,9.0x14.0in.(22.9x35.6cm).BeckerCollectionCW-HL-TN-4-6-62c All imagesarereproducedcourtesyoftheBeckerCollection,Boston,Mass.,unlessotherwisenoted;8.5,8.6,8.9,8.10,8.11,8.12,8.13,8.15,8.16,8.17, 8.18,8.19,8.21,8.23,8.24,8.26,8.28,8.29,8.30,8.31,8.32,8.33,8.34,8.35,8.36,8.37,8.39:AmericanAntiquarianSociety;8.7,8.14: 19thCentury SheetMusicCollection,MusicDivision,LibraryofCongress;8.8,8.27:PrintsandPhotographsDivision,LibraryofCongress; 1.3,3.2,7.1,7.3,7.4,7.5, 10.2, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9:PublicDomain; 11.1:RobertEmienCollection Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 5 NancyNetzer INTRODUCTION 7 SheilaGallagherandJudithBookbinder ANARTIST’S INTERESTINGRECOLLECTIONSOF LESLIE’S WEEKLY 11 JosephBecker CIVILWARDRAWINGSASART 17 JudithBookbinder DRAWINGASINFORMATION 25 SheilaGallagher SEEINGTHEARCHIVES 37 JamesM.O’Toole SPECIALARTISTSOFTHECIVILWAR 43 HarryL. Katz INTHEMIDSTOFBATTLE 49 JudithBookbinder FIGURESOFLIFEANDFIGURESOFDEATH 65 JamesD.Wallace THE BLACKIMAGE INTHEWHITENORTHERNMIND 75 LuciaZauchaKnoles MICROHISTORIES:CIVILWARWITNESSINGBEFORE MEMORIALIZATION 115 NirmalTrivedi AUTHENTICITY,THE MASTERAUTHOR,ANDTHEMISSINGHAND 123 NatashaSeaman JOSEPHBECKERVISITSTHE SHAKERS 129 RobertR Emlen POLITICAK?)CARTOONSINTHE BECKERCOLLECTION 137 Vincent Cannato J. PLATES 143 CONTRIBUTORSTOTHECATALOGUE 263 BIBLIOGRAPHY 265 5 PREFACE Nancy Netzer S ince 200$y the McMullenMuseumhas beenworkingto shape anexhibitionwithtwo members ofBoston College’s FineArtsfaculty,JudithBookbinderandSheilaGallagher, astheyresearched,catalogued,photo- graphed,anddesignedanonlinearchiveforoneofthemostsignificantuntappedresourcesontheAmerican Civil War to have come to light in the last few decades—the Becker Collection. Never displayed orpublished, the nearlysevenhundreddrawingsinthiscollectionconstituteanarchiveoffirsthandobservationsbyfourteenartist-reporters,called SpecialArtists,embeddedwiththeUniontroops.TheartistssenttheirdrawingstoFrankLeslie’sIllustratedNewspaper,whereJoseph Becker,himselfaSpecialArtist,eventuallybecameartdirector. The planningofanexhibition andcatalogue encouragedother scholars inthedrawings.MargaretNeeley(andbeforeherKirstenAtaoguz)oversaw fromvariousfieldstostudygroupsofdrawings andwriteaboutthem.The thepublicationandcopyeditedthecatalogueandexhibitiontexts.Undergrad- resultoftheireffortsisthispublicationwithcontributionsfromartistSheila uateinternsLaurenGomez,AviaNavickas,andElisabethLobkowiczserved Gallagher;arthistoriansJudithBookbinder,HarryKatz,andNatashaSeaman; asableassistants.JohnMcGoydesignedthisbookaswellastheexhibition historiansVincentCannato,RobertEmlen,andJamesO’Toole;andliterary materialsandsignagetopaytributetothedesignofFrankLeslie’sIllustrated scholarsLuciaKnoles,NirmalTrivedi,andJamesWallace.Astheysteeredthis Newspaper.VincentMarasaselectedworks lentbytheBostonAthenaeum. projectfrombeginningtoend.BookbinderandGallagherhavebeenmodelsof ThedrawingswereartfullyscannedforpublicationbyTimothyMcGooland creativity,intelligence,anddedication.Wethankthemespeciallyforoversee- KristinaWilson.Bapstlibrarian,AdeaneBregman,aidedwithresearch.The ingselectionofdrawingsfordisplayandthemestobeexplored,facilitating O’Neill Librarycreatedthedigitalarchiveofthedrawings, andtheoffices communicationamongauthorsandpeer-reviewofessays,andeditingofthis of instructional design and academic technology helped incorporate tech- volume.WearegratefulaswelltoNatalieGallagher(great-granddaughterof nologyintothemuseumexperience. MichaelSwansonandKerryBurkeof JosephBecker)foragreeingtoloanthedrawingstotheexhibition.Wealso MediaTechnologyServicesreproducedandmountedimagesfromFrankLes- thankTimothyWider,RobertEmlen,JeremiahMcGrann,theBostonAth- lie’sIllustratedNewspaperfordisplay.Wewouldberemissnottoacknowledge enaeum,andtheBurnsLibraryatBostonGollegeforloansofrelatedartifacts, thecontributionofAssociateDeanWilliamPetriinprovidingundergraduate books,andphotographs. DianaLarsendesignedtheexhibitionandselected researchfellowsMichaelBell,JamieDiAngelo,PattonHindle,JanIngalvson, artifactsfromvariouscollectionstoenhanceunderstandingofobjectsdepicted HillaryMazanec,TimothyMcGool,ErinMcGutcheon,MiriamMichalczyk, 6 ArianavonRennan,KatherineWilliamson,andKristinaWilsontheoppor- tunitytoserveasvaluedassistantsonthisproject.WealsothankRosanne Pellegriniforpublicity,AnastosChiavaras,RoseBreen,andJaneHallofour riskmanagementofficeforassistancewithinsurance,andthemembersofour advancementoffice,especiallyCatherineConcannon,MaryLouCrane,Gin- gerSaariaho,andSimonWelsby,foraidingourfundingefforts. TheMuseum’sabilitytorealizeaninterdisciplinaryresearchprojectofthis magnitudeowesmuchtotheresourcesoftheUniversityandthegenerosity oftheMcMullenFamily,especiallyJacquelineMcMullen.Weextendthanks to the administration of Boston College, especially President William P. Leahy,S.J.,ProvostCutbertoGarza,Vice-provostsKevinBedellandPatricia DeLeeuw,andDeanoftheCollegeandGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences David Quigley. Major funding for the exhibition and this catalogue came fromBostonCollegeandthePatronsoftheMcMullenMuseum,chairedby C.MichaelDaley.AdditionalsupportwasprovidedbytheMilitaryHistorical SocietyofMassachusettsandTracyShupp.Withouttheenthusiasmandded- icationofeveryoneinvolved,thisimportantarchiveandthefirsthandstoryit tellsmighthaveremainedhiddenfromthepublicformanymoreyears. NancyNetzer DirectorandProfessorofArtHistory