First faunistic study of Diplura in north of Iran with records of two species of Campodea (Campodeidae)

2016·2.6 MB·

by  Saeed Azadbakhsh

©EntomologicaFennica.31August2016
First faunistic study of Diplura in north of Iran
with records of two species of Campodea (Campodeidae)
SaeedAzadbakhsh&JamasbNozari
Azadbakhsh,S.&Nozari,J.2016:FirstfaunisticstudyofDiplurainnorthofIran
withrecordsoftwospeciesofCampodea(Campodeidae).—Entomol.Fennica
27:53–56.
ThehexapodfaunaofIranisstillveryincompletelyknown.Thecurrentstudyis
thefirstreportofdipluranspeciesfromIran.Ourstudiesandsamplingweredone
intwonorthernprovincesMazandaranandAlburzduringMarchtoAugust2012.
Forty-fivespecimensofthisorderwerecollected.Allthespecimenswereidenti-
fiedasCampodea(Dicampa)sprovieriiSilvestri,1932orCampodea(Campo-
dea)fragilisMeinert,1865(Campodeidae).Boththespeciesarereportedfrom
Iranforthefirsttime.
S.Azadbakhsh&J.Nozari,DepartmentofPlantProtection,UniversityofTeh-
ran,Karaj,Iran;Correspondingauthor’semail:[email protected]
Received11August2015,accepted16October2015
1.Introduction
There are no data about the diversity and
distribution of diplurans in Iran. Rahmani and
TheorderDipluracommonlyknownasdiplurans Mayvan(2004)justmentionedtheorderDiplura
or“two-prongedbristletails”arewinglessarthro- inafaunisticstudyonsoil-dwellingarthropodsof
pods in the superclass Hexapoda and has about Iran, without any information about the species
800 described species (Allen 1994). They have diversity.Theaimofthecurrentstudyistoshed
no eyes and their small body is soft and un- light on the species diversity of Campodeidae
pigmented,butsomespeciesofthegenusJapyx familyinnorthofIran,particularlyintheMazan-
Halidayarebiggerandmayreachthelengthof50 daranprovince.
mm.Thespeciesofthisordercanbeeasilyrecog-
nizedbyonepairofcaudalfilamentscalledcerci.
2.Materialsandmethods
Cerci are mostly long and filamentous but in
Japygidaetheyareshortandforceps-like.
Dipluran species are mostly found in moist Thespecimenswerecollectedbyhandfromthe
soilsuchasunderleaflitteroramonghumus,and northofIran,particularlyfromthedifferentparts
feedonavarietyoflivepreyanddeadmatter.The of the province Mazandaran and one site in the
membersofthefamilyCampodeidae,withmore province Alburz, from March 2012 to August
than450speciesin50genera,arethelargestfam- 2012.
ilyofDiplura(Meinert1865).Theseinsectsare Mazandaran province is located between
easily recognized by short and thick body with 35°47’to36°35’Nand50°34’to54°10’E,cover-
longandfilamentouscerciwhichareroughlyas inganareaof23,833km2(1.46%ofIranianarea).
longastheantennae.Theyarepaleandmostly2– Mazandaran province is geographically divided
7mmlong. intotwoparts:thecoastalplainsandthemoun-
54 Azadbakhsh&Nozari (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.27
Fig.1.NowShahr,
KhiroodForest,Mazan-
daranprovince(36°35’
42.9”N,51°31’24.4”E),
deciduousforest,small
torrent,18.IX.2012.
Photo:S.Azadbakhsh.
tainous areas. The Elburz Mountain Range sur- mountainousareasinnorth.Thelatterareashave
roundsthecoastalstripandtheplainsoftheCas- moderateclimateinsummerandcoldandsnowy
pianSea.Theprovinceenjoysamoderate,sub- winter.Theannualrainfallofthisprovinceisbe-
tropical climate with an average temperature of tween 250–300 mm, mostly occurring in the
25 °C in summer and about 8 °C in winter. Al- mountainousareas.
thoughsnowmayfallheavilyinthemountainsin For collecting diplurans we chose localities
winter,itrarelyfallsatthesealevel.Thevegeta- (about 20) with humid humus soil in different
tionofthisareaconsistsofforests,grasslandsand habitats,likeplains,farmsandforests,fromeast
steppe. The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests, towestofMazandaranprovince.Ineachlocality,
being40millionyearsold,coverpartsoffivepro- dipluransweresearchedforatleastc.2–3hours
vincesofIranfromeasttowestincluding:North byoneoftheauthors(S.A.),oralongertimein
Khorasan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and localitieswheredipluranswerefound.Diplurans
Ardabil.Theannualrainfallrangesfrom900mm weresearchedfor haphazardly betweenbushes,
(35 in) in the east (Golestan province) to 1,600 understones,amongleaflitter,underfallentree
mm(63in)inthewest(Gilanprovince).Inthefo- trunksandinanymicrohabitatsthatmightbeap-
rests in general, hardwood or deciduous trees propriate for diplurans. Finally, in western Ma-
suchasoaks,hornbeams,alders,ashes,chestnuts, zandaranprovincesomedipluranswerefoundin
boxwoods,maples,lindens,elmsandbeechesare 3localities(Chalus,NowshahrandRamsar).The
dominantandextendtoanaltitudeofsome1,800 localities in Chalus and Nowshahr were forests
m.From1,800to2,500ma.s.l.softwoodorever- with humid soil all over the year. The dipluran
greentreesappears.Above2,500ma.s.l.thecon- specimens were found under stones and trunks
ditionsarelimitedfortrees,andinsteadofforests, andamongleaflitter.InRamsar,somespecimens
grasslandvegetation(similartoalpinemeadows werefoundunderstonesnearariverofaplainon
inEurope)isfound. amountain.Withmoreraininthewesternlocali-
Alburz province has the shared border with ties where diplurans were found, the soil was
Mazandaranprovinceinthenorthandislocated moisteralloverormostoftheyearandthesoil
between35°28’to36°30’Nand50°10’to51°30 hadmorehumuscomparedtothelocalitiesinthe
’E,coveringanareaof5,800km2.Alburzprovin- eastern parts of the province where diplurans
ce is geographically divided into two parts, i.e. werenotfound.
desert and semi-desert climate in south and InAlburzprovince,dipluransweresearched
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.27 (cid:127) FirstfaunisticstudyofDiplurainIran 55
Fig.2.Ramsar,Java-
herDeh,Mazandaran
province(36°51’27.0”N,
50°30’57.6”E),shrubs
withsingledeciduous
trees,13.VIII.2012.
Photo:S.Azadbakhsh.
forinjustonelocality.Theywerefoundamong leg;2$(adults),Ramsar,Mazandaranprovince,
leaflitterneartheirrigationsysteminanoldgar- northernIran,36°53’30.3”N,50°33’33.4”E,600
den with trees, such as pines, oaks and apples. m, 15.VI.2012, S. Azadbakhsh leg; 6#, 9$
ThisgardenislocatedintheCollegeofAgricul- (adults), Karaj, Alburz province, northern Iran,
tureandNaturalResourcesoftheUniversity of 35°48’25.9”N, 50°59’56.9”E, 1,100 m, 8.VI.
TehranneartheKarajriveranditisoneoftheold- 2012,S.Azadbakhshleg.
estgardensinthatarea.Theclimateofthearea, Distribution.Thisspeciesiscommoninmany
alongmountainside,ismoderateinsummerand habitats in eastern Mediterranean region. It is
somewhatcoldandsnowyinwinter. known in several Aegean islands and the
The collected specimens were preserved in PeloponnesePeninsula(Silvestri1932, Wygod-
70% ethanol, and sent to Prof. Alberto Sendra zinsky1941),attheCarpathians,theBalkanand
(Valencia,Spain)forspeciesidentification. theAnatolianPeninsula(Rusek1965,Sendraet
al.2010)aswellasinRomania(Ionescu1951).
3.Results
3.2Campodea(Campodea)fragilis
Inthepresentstudy,45specimensofonegenus
andtwosubgenerainCampodeidaewerefound Material examined. 2# (adults), Chalus,
and identified. The species Campodea (Di- Mazandaran province, northern Iran, 36°36’
campa)sprovieriiSilvestri,1932andCampodea 36.1”N, 51°24’30.4”E, 420 m, 4.VIII.2012, S.
(Campodea) fragilis Meinert, 1865 are new re- Azadbakhsh leg;3#, 1$ (adults), Ramsar (Fig.
cordsforIran. 2), Mazandaran province, northern Iran, 36°53’
30.3”N, 50°33’33.4”E, 800 m, 15.VI.2012, S.
Azadbakhshleg.
3.1.Campodea(Dicampa)sprovierii Distribution. This species has been known
from Greece in some localities from Achaea
Material examined. 1#, 2$ (adult), Chalus, (Peloponnese)andIthacaIsland(Conde,1984)as
Mazandaran province, northern Iran, 36°36’ well as in the Anatolian plateau in Turkey
36.1”N, 51°24’30.4”E, 420 m, 4.VIII.2012, S. (Sendra2010).
Azadbakhsh leg; 4#, 9$ (adults), same data as
abovebut66ma.s.l.,20.IX.2012,S.Azadbakhsh 4.Conclusions
leg;2#,3$(adults),Nowshahr(Fig.1),Mazan-
daran province, northern Iran, 36°35’ 26.8”N, Iranianfaunisticstudiesofsoil-dwellingarthro-
51°28’58.1”E, 40 m, 7.V.2012, S. Azadbakhsh podsareverylimitedinnumber.Moreover,most
56 Azadbakhsh&Nozari (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.27
of them just mention the order Diplura without ca (Insecta: Diplura: Rhabdura: Campodeidae). —
identifying and reporting any species. In this TransactionsoftheAmericanEntomologicalSociety
120:181–208.
study,45dipluranspecimensbelongingto2spe-
Conde, B. 1984: Diploures Campodéidés (Insectes) de
cieswerecollectedandidentified.Theyareboth
Grèce (1er note). — Revue suisse de Zoologie, 91:
newrecordsforIranianfauna. 173–201.[InFrench.]
BesidesIran,informationondipluransisin- Ionescu,M.A.1951:ContributiunilastudiulCampodei-
completealsoformostsurroundingcountries,ex- delordinRepublicaPopularaRomana.—Buletinul
Stiintific.SectiuneadeStiinteBiologice,Agronomi-
cept for the Anatolian plateau in Turkey where
ce,GeologicesiGeografice3:525–532.[InRomani-
the fauna of Campodeidae is more thoroughly
an.]
known, comprising 23 species (Sendra et al. Meinert,F.1865:Campodeae:enfamilieafThysanurer-
2010). The eastern region of the Anatolian pla- nesorden.—NaturhistoriskTidsskrift.Kjøbenhavn3:
teau joins to Caucasus, Zagros Mountains and 400–440.[InDanish.]
Rahmani,R.&Mayvan,H.Z.2004:Diversityandassem-
Iranianplateau.Therefore,wecanexpectquitea
blagestructureofsoilinvertebratesinBeech,Horn-
fewmorespeciesofthisfamily toexistinIran.
beam and Oak-Hornbeam forest types. — Iranian
IranianfaunaofCampodeidaemayberathersim- journalofnaturalresources56:425–436
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speciesfoundinthisstudyarealsoknownfrom Bulgariens. — Bohemoslovaca 62: 92–97. [In Ger-
man.]
theAnatolianplateau.
Sendra,A.,Teruel,S.,Satar.A.,Tusun,S&Özbay,C.
2010:Newspecies,newrecords,anddistributionof
Acknowledgments.TheauthorsarethankfultoProf.Al- Campodeidae(Diplura)inAnatolia.—Zootaxa2639:
bertoSendra(Valencia,Spain)foridentificationofthespe- 40–52.
cies. Silvestri,F.1932:Nuovicontributiallaconoscenzadella
fauna delle isole Italiane dell’Egeo. — Bolletinodel
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