First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies PDF
Preview First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies
FIRST FARMERS For Claudia, Tane, Hannah, and Charlie The Origins of Agricultural Societies Peter Bellwood Summary Contents Detailed Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface 1 The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis in Perspective 2 The Origins and Dispersals of Agriculture: Some Operational Considerations 3 The Beginnings of Agriculture in Southwest Asia 4 Tracking the Spreads of Farming beyond the Fertile Crescent: Europe and Asia 5 Africa: An Independent Focus of Agricultural Development? 6 The Beginnings of Agriculture in East Asia 7 The Spread of Agriculture into Southeast Asia and Oceania 8 Early Agriculture in the Americas 9 What Do Language Families Mean for Human Prehistory? 10 The Spread of Farming: Comparing the Archaeology and the Linguistics 11 Genetics, Skeletal Anthropology, and the People Factor 12 The Nature of Early Agricultural Expansion Notes References Index Detailed Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface 1 The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis in Perspective The Disciplinary Players Broad Perspectives Some Key Guiding Principles 2 The Origins and Dispersals of Agriculture: Some Operational Considerations The Significance of Agriculture: Productivity and Population Numbers Why Did Agriculture Develop in the First Place? The Significance of Agriculture vis-a-vis Hunting and Gathering Under What Circumstances Might Hunters and Gatherers Have Adopted Agriculture in Prehistory? Group 1: The "niche" hunter-gatherers of Africa and Asia Group 2: The "unenclosed" hunter-gatherers of Australia, the Andamans, and the Americas Group 3: Hunter-gatherers who descend from former agriculturalists Why Do Ethnographic Hunter-Gatherers Have Problems with Agricultural Adoption? A Comparative View To the Archaeological Record 3 The Beginnings of Agriculture in Southwest Asia The Domestication of Plants in the Fertile Crescent The Hunter-Gatherer Background in the Levant, 19,000 to 9500 BC The Pre-Pottery Neolithic and the Increasing Dominance of Domesticated Crops How Did Cereal Domestication Begin in Southwest Asia? The Archaeological Record in Southwest Asia in Broader Perspective The Pre-Pottery Neolithic A The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B The Real Turning Point in the Neolithic Revolution 4 Tracking the Spreads of Farming beyond the Fertile Crescent: Europe and Asia The Spread of the Neolithic Economy through Europe Southern and Mediterranean Europe Cyprus, Turkey, and Greece The Balkans The Mediterranean Temperate and Northern Europe The Danubians and the northern Mesolithic The TRB and the Baltic The British Isles Hunters and farmers in prehistoric Europe Agricultural Dispersals from Southwest Asia to the East Central Asia The Indian Subcontinent The domesticated crops of the Indian subcontinent Regional Trajectories from Hunter-Gathering to Farming in South Asia The consequences of Mehrgarh Western India: Balathal to Jorwe Southern India The Ganges Basin and northeastern India Europe and South Asia in a nutshell 5 Africa: An Independent Focus of Agricultural Development? The Spread of the Southwest Asian Agricultural Complex into Egypt The Origins of the Native African Domesticates The Development and Spread of Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa The Appearance of Agriculture in Central and Southern Africa 6 The Beginnings of Agriculture in East Asia Environmental Factors and the Domestication Process in China
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