First Animal Encyclopedia

170 Pages·2015·53.21 MB·English

by  Dorling Kindersley

First Animal
Encyclopedia
Contents
REVISED EDITION
Editor Ishani Nandi Introduction
Art editor Shipra Jain
4-5 The animal kingdom
Senior editor Shatarupa Chaudhuri
DTP designer Bimlesh Tiwary
Managing editors Laura Gilbert,
Alka Thakur Hazarika Mammals
Managing art editors Diane Peyton Jones,
Romi Chakraborty 6-7 Mammals
CTS manager Balwant Singh
8-9 The world of mammals
Publisher Sarah Larter
Senior producer, pre-production Ben Marcus 10-11 Lemurs and monkeys
Producer Nicole Landau
12-13 The apes
Jacket editor Laura Gilbert
Jacket designer Diane Peyton Jones 14-15 The cat family
Publishing director Sophie Mitchell
Art director Stuart Jackman 16-17 Big cats
Consultant John Woodward
18-19 The dog family
ORIGINAL EDITION 20-21 Bears
Author Penelope Arlon
22-23 Small and cunning
Senior Art Editor Tory Gordon-Harris
Consultant Kim Dennis-Bryan PhD. FZS 24-25 The burrowers
Design Assistance Amy McSimpson
Publishing Manager Sue Leonard 26-27 Insect-eating mammals
Managing Art Editor Clare Shedden
28-29 Rodents
Jacket Designer Poppy Jenkins
Picture Researcher Sarah Pownall 30-31 Flying mammals
Production Controller Shivani Pandey
32-33 Marsupials
DTP Designer Almudena Díaz
34-35 The mighty elephant
First published in Great Britain in 2004
36-37 Hoofed mammals
This edition first published in Great Britain in 2015 by
Dorling Kindersley Limited 38-39 The cattle family
80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL
40-41 The horse family
Copyright © 2004, © 2015 42-43 Hoofed giants
Dorling Kindersley Limited, London
A Penguin Random House Company 44-45 Water mammals
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
46-47 Ocean giants
001–274454–Sept/2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted Birds
in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
48-49 Birds
photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner. 50-51 The world of birds
A CIP catalogue record for this book
52-53 Courtship
is available from the British Library.
54-55 Nesting
ISBN 978-0-24118-872-9
56-57 Hatching out
Printed and bound in Hong Kong 58-59 Songbirds

A WORLD OF IDEAS: 60-61 Life in the air
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
62-63 Freshwater birds
64-65 Sea birds
66-67 In the chill
68-69 Birds of prey
70-71 Night flyers
2
This book will ask you questions at the bottom of each page...
134-135 Sea crustaceans
136-137 Sea molluscs
138-139 Brainless wonders
140-141 The world of microlife
Fish
142-143 Fish
144-145 The world of fish
72-73 Exotic flyers
146-147 Finding food
74-75 Game birds
148-149 Staying alive
76-77 Globetrotters
150-151 Making more fish
78-79 Flightless birds
152-153 Sharks and rays
Reptiles and amphibians
Reference section
80-81 Reptiles and amphibians
154-155 Amazing animal facts
82-83 The world of reptiles
156-157 True or false?
84-85 Under a shell
158-159 Quiz
86-87 Introducing lizards
160-161 Who am I?
88-89 Hunting and defence
162-163 Where in the world?
90-91 Slithering snakes
164-165 Glossary
92-93 Attack and defence
166-167 Index
94-95 Crocodiles and alligators
168 Picture credits and
96-97 The world of amphibians
acknowledgements
98-99 Frogs and toads
100-101 Hunting and hiding
102-103 Salamanders and newts
About this book
The pages of this book have special features that
Creepy-crawlies will show you how to get your hands on as much
104-105 Creepy-crawlies information as possible! Look out for these:
106-107 The world of insects
The Picture Detective
Fish Fish
110180--110191 EOgng t htoe amdouvlet FwFiosrhil dst.rs Tuihzlhseytse r,dya fo nrcmogomemin seahe tuaiengh teomh rwesa ehnwsay aal tesne hsrdash pfaoiesrfhks t s has teono d Zebrafish Cbuotptperefrlbya fnisdh Ywerlaloswse PTtstchheoaieeeclko tifoeuufi w srrayhefn uo lseduole roe scscktk taoeii notncfh snt t.srih vopaeeuonsgted h qthurioz uwghill egaecth y soeuc tsioeanr c hing
tiny you can barely see them. for the answers.
112-113 Eating habits Yellow tang
Zebra pipefishLong-nosed gar Cuban hogfish Rgroaymalm a JDoohrny Ram cichlid Turn and learn buttons tell
114-115 Defence you which pages to turn to
Gcicohldliedns-eyed dwarf Goldfish
Seahorse
116-117 Pests and plagues SticklebacksEamngpeelfriosrh Thornback ray in order to find more
information on each subject.
111280--111291 BBueetttelersfl iaens da nbdu gms oths Boxfish TdhwrCtaerlireogf- wsgcteinrcri hfpilesihdd s BMmsakrseoeeokatal hesnen ntlmate oyosfntt aino s t tbbhf hneiiooe n rsamynnisahri yeadehl. deaftbi hevsot ahehno t,eaf y m bi, cs hu aw.s atrSo hrthfhdiitaclae ahvrrge ke sa – apSnpSep.Tdah .1u h al15rore52krna1-ss 1r :e 5:n 3 Etov esrhyo wpa gyeo uis w choilcohu r -coded
142 How many different species of fish can be found on Earth? .sekal dna ,srevir ,saes ni hsif fo seiceps 008,23 tuoba era erehT 143
section it is in.
122-123 Bees and wasps
Creepy-crawlies Beetles and bugs
124-125 Ants and termites TbmBeho efueosnuet neaadimn ta atllozl ipeonsvg ets orc r t sehcaaeot nruwcrdoheris nl dcbg,a dfnrue o smegr ts.s BBhianeneseadeeevtc licttelhsyls.ee Taawsrrhimene gytoh umher aemodvue oot shbft pi at ailnlr gt s . GGaoubwrorpilgeltdo ho iawinbe nwee wst ea hioant celrti eh mtndsn h.oa i seTgt triahrhkhh re.tbe ee rTyto .o n hddh oeicaetyao sv wm reftlok hamaras muhts pn lstie,ihg cctehahiiattresel y w e ir d or what?
126-127 Flies Gbflealo sswheiewnngo raimnt snt hicgeahinrt tsgholoomuwesitaninmgd eass.n d Gfloowunwtdho era mwll soo ravledrer.
128-129 Other creepy-crawlies Tthhee bAigfrgiceastn bGeoeltilaet hin bteheet lwe oisr ld. BMlttucohhapouaeen kyttmngh pqohebsituaiee ribvrr tfsceeio te oeoalsi f d ka aft.eenh nT edbeddh e bicseenhuuytglecg e wk tsfus.,a bbmeu itl y g iTvhee esxet rbau twtoenirsd
113320--113331 SStpriadnegrse alanndd s ccorerpaitounress 1Tble2ehgeest0 ldaei svu ipsnaegsd ditlse s. How do most bugDMlcawiuestaav nn atnteiotddautvcrdsese ycht,eirtr  k en.ev bbd sis eItueg it nnsavihett e tewsostbbl. imherrfiuesndo eba f ogeelodblirdsltvoi l evelftdb–ioe i s?eno o hstfbngfao r– adreb eiipaern o te htltehleese BBbreeieegtthllete ssa FhaSgiClhWwNanonra oucheev morvlgaeSweedadgeeeeevrolef y lat viu ecGynlba c boiotr b lueilhli lss:o:einoeifb cc neu tAfttt,ale ethoshlreorslmeeiafiueiazhsus:tn.usenbe i ll n b fbdre v rabryiier: oc ason if iaa ggnlrtdudofuy.h h oi obtP eetlcuike safs.onbu e.eplwdtll ouu l eiuaetsrh . BTsaoguhmgegryese scasariCwlSkbaAcaAotenvehrnett hogapsee ehtfc oioasasvrsiheabe!rw eaeuctrm uitluksi ldisneodsd n irssn se:t e s aa simhb s igqbntcdiseieuhtasaelu  ce u iltlrgbrftcsgslahd,els.a :uia : e el otn pibppagi nttute “estrnh: lutels seip d.ei.stoidtstttl i t . a nn ae s b okIn uktetuiuoit c tlfgstlbsrks .s us r. gie” ht hguoi(trb 1aWtwhcbenhC twaatemohodeh tnhinsoeted lecrigeiheindT nilduao basere.hro e emtod rr)eieiShanidCt   tfa s btoetoas-o hiwdh ss elilremfwri ehiee,iie as  skto et aaceethheaatnthehlatt r rokea rty hi oeobdtd’mstupp s.w i ifyu y spreaTt enaauwgeap oi itsdgnnttsvhpth sge tuh.cagaspsi aet ehbwm ie aotoenntyoit rcconft tors anm i1stapti ?moobs gt cc.lnd.tieti5utu ehanah,T. g sbekgekd.h, e m teaa sy rose M Ssfoporem cuieep stc oicc aa1nd7 a ly iveea r s! 121 aanndi mwaol nfdaecrtfsu. l
3
.srewsna eht rof ereh kcehc ...
The animal kingdom
The animal kingdom
The animal kingdom is divided into vertebrates
and invertebrates. Mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, and fish are vertebrates.
Insects are a type of invertebrate.
Animals
.
s
All animals, including people, have
g
one thing in common – they eat n
i
other living things, either plants, w
or animals, or both. Almost all,
e
v
except a few sea creatures,
a
can move around. h

m
e
h
t

f
o
The beetle has muscles
l
attached to its skeleton l
a
just like you do. Its

skeleton is on the h
outside, however, while g
yours is on the inside. u
o
h
t
l
a
Beetle ,
y
skeleton l
f

n
a
c
d s
Not all bi r
What is an What is a
invertebrate? vertebrate?
Bird
The word invertebrate simply Most of the large
skeleton
means not having a backbone. animals in the world
The “creepy-crawly” section are vertebrates. This
of this book deals with the means that they have a
animals called invertebrates. backbone, and most are
Some of them have skeletons made up of bones put
on the outside of their bodies, together to make a skeleton.
while some don’t have Mammals, birds, reptiles,
any bones at all. amphibians, and fish are all vertebrates.
4
Do all animals have brains?
The animal kingdom
Creepy-crawlies Some people think that there are
millions of creepy-crawlies we
Creepy-crawlies, or invertebrates,
do not even know
make up over 95 per cent of all about yet.
Stag beetle
animals. But most of them are
so small you don’t notice them.
Aa nktisn da roef ininsveecrttse, b rate. r a t e s c a n move around.
b
e
t
r
e
v
o s t
M
Vertebrates
All vertebrates came
from the same ancestor
millions of years ago,
but have changed, or
evolved, into these four
main groups.
The lion is
one of the
most ferocious
Mammals: most live
meat-eaters of
on land and none can
the mammal
breathe underwater.
group.
Birds: all birds have
wings and most of
them can fly.
Fish: all fish
live in the
sea or in
fresh water.
Reptiles and
amphibians: these
animals live on
land or in water.
Lions keep their
sharp claws inside
their toes to protect
them, until they
need to attack.
5
.sniarb on evah setarbetrevni wef a ,oN
Mammals
Mammals Rodriguez
flying fox
You may wonder if animals such as
dogs, bats, elephants, and mice have
anything in common. They do – they are
all mammals and have more in common
than you may think.
Mongolian
gerbil
European
Orang-utan Siamese cat
rabbit
Boxer dog
Eastern
chipmunk
Red fox
Sea lion
Maned wolf
Field mice
Which mammal lives the longest?
Mammals
Picture detective
Long-eared
bats Take a look through
the Mammals section
and see if you can
spot who these hairy
skins belong to.
Two-toed sloth
Pipistrelle bat
Junior mammals
Mammal babies look like
little versions of their parents.
They are all looked after by
their mothers or both parents
until they can feed and
look after themselves.
Baby
red-necked
wallaby

Baby tiger
Turn
and learn
The cat family:
pp. 14-17
Bats:
pp. 30-31
7
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Mammals
The world mammals
of
Mammals include animals such as the
whale, the kangaroo, and you and me!
We all have fur, we are warm-blooded,
and we feed new babies our milk.
Mammal babies
Most mammal females give
birth to live babies, rather than
laying eggs. The baby grows
inside the mother’s body
Gorilla
skeleton until it is born.
The skeleton
Mammals may Feeding babies
look very different, All female mammals produce
but stripped back milk from their bodies that
to the bone, we all they feed to their babies;
have the basic bony this feeding is called
skeleton. Scientists suckling. The milk
call us vertebrates – helps babies
animals with to grow.
a backbone.

Turn
and learn
Bears:
pp. 20-21
Elephants:
pp. 34-35
Gorillas are
members of the
primate family.
Within the
mammal group,
Baby gorilla there are many
different families.
8
How many mammal families are there?