First Aid Q&A for the USMLE Step 1

705 Pages·2008·5.85 MB·English

FIRST AID
™
Q&A
FOR THE
USM LE
STEP 1
Second Edition
SENIOR EDITORS EDITORS
Tao Le, MD, MHS Karen A. Adler, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor Resident
Chief, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Psychiatry
Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital
University of Louisville
Jacob S. Appelbaum
Seth K. Bechis, MS Yale School of Medicine
Class of 2012
University of California, San Francisco
Class of 2010 Carina H.G. Baird, MD
Resident
Department of Pediatrics
University of California, San Francisco
Xuemei Cai
Harvard Medical School
Class of 2009
Phillip J. Gray, Jr.
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Class of 2009
Christopher R. Kinsella, Jr.
Drexel University College of Medicine
Class of 2009
Gabriel J. Martinez-Diaz
Stanford University School of Medicine
Class 2010
New York / Chicago / San Francisco / Lisbon / London / Madrid / Mexico City
Milan / New Delhi / San Juan / Seoul / Singapore / Sydney / Toronto
Copyright © 2009 by Tao Le. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-159795-1
MHID: 0-07-159795-6
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DEDICATION
To the contributors to this and future editions, who took time to share their
knowledge, insight, and humor for the benefi t of students, residents, and
clinicians.
and
To our families, friends, and loved ones, who supported us in the task of
assembling this guide.
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CONTENTS
Authors vii
Associate Authors ix
Faculty Reviewers x
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
How to Contribute xvii
SECTION I GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1
Chapter 1 Behavioral Science 3
Chapter 2 Biochemistry 17
Chapter 3 Embryology 49
Chapter 4 Microbiology 63
Chapter 5 Immunology 91
Chapter 6 Pathology 111
Chapter 7 Pharmacology 127
SECTION II ORGAN SYSTEMS 143
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular 145
Chapter 9 Endocrine 179
Chapter 10 Gastrointestinal 213
Chapter 11 Hematology-Oncology 247
Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue 279
Chapter 13 Neurology 309
Chapter 14 Psychiatry 331
Chapter 15 Renal 347
Chapter 16 Reproductive 381
Chapter 17 Respiratory 413
v
SECTION III FULL-LENGTH EXAMINATIONS 445
Test Block 1 447
Test Block 2 481
Test Block 3 513
Test Block 4 547
Test Block 5 581
Test Block 6 613
Test Block 7 645
Appendix: Common Laboratory Values 675
About the Authors 681
vi
AUTHORS
REBECCA AHRENS SHARIFEH (SHERI) FARASAT
Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University Class of 2009
SARA ALCORN JAMES A. FEINSTEIN, MD
Harvard Medical School Resident
Class of 2010 Department of Pediatrics
Seattle Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
VIJAY BABU, MD
Intern SHENNEN FLOY
Department of Internal Medicine Harvard Medical School
The Reading Hospital
Class of 2009
Reading, Pa.
ARIELLA FRIEDMAN
PAULA BORGES, MS
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Stanford University Medical School
Class of 2008
Class of 2009
ROBERT J. GIANOTTI, MD
RACHEL BORTNICK, MPhil
Resident
Medical Scientist Training Program, Year V
Department of Internal Medicine
Harvard Medical School
New York University
STEVEN CHEN
PHILIP HALL
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
Class of 2010
Class of 2010
JOHN CHILDRESS III
DANIEL M. HALPERIN
University of Michigan Medical School
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Class of 2010
Class of 2009
RAGHU CHIVUKULA
COLLEEN M. HARRISON
Medical Scientist Training Program, Year IV
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School
Class of 2009
JUSTIN BRENT COHEN
CHLOE HILL
Yale School of Medicine
Class of 2009 Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Class of 2010
ANA COSTA, MD
SELENA LIAO
Resident
Department of Anesthesiology Harvard Medical School
Weill Medical College of Cornell University Class of 2009
ANDRES E. CRUZ-INIGO KEN LIN
Weill Medical College of Cornell University Medical Scientist Training Program, Year V
Harvard Medical School
MARTIN H. DOMINGUEZ
Class of 2010
MD/PhD Program
Yale School of Medicine SUSAN MATHAI
Yale School of Medicine
ALLEN OMID EGHRARI
Class of 2009
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Class of 2009
vii
HEATHER MCGEE, MPhil TOMEKA L. SUBER
Medical Scientist Training Program, Year IV Medical Scientist Training Program
Yale School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
LEAH MCNALLY CARLOS A. TORRE
Yale School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus
Class of 2009 Class of 2009
EMILY PFEIL JONATHAN TZU
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Class of 2009 Class of 2009
MICHELLE RIOS, MD BRANT W. ULLERY, MD
Resident Resident
Department of Internal Medicine Department of General Surgery
University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
MAYA ROBERTS KELLY VRANAS, MD
Yale School of Medicine and Harvard School of Public Health Resident
Class of 2009 Department of Internal Medicine
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
MARIANELI RODRIGUEZ
FREDERICK WANG
Medical Scientist Training Program
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Yale School of Medicine
Class of 2010
SEPIDEH SABER
MARC WEIN
Stanford University School of Medicine
Class of 2010 Medical Scientist Training Program, Year VI
Harvard Medical School
BENJAMIN SMITH
RASIKA WICKRAMASINGHE, PhD
Harvard Medical School
Class of 2010 Medical Scientist Training Program, Year VI
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
SARA STERN-NEZER
Stanford University School of Medicine and
University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
viiiviii
ASSOCIATE AUTHORS
JAN BROWN II BENJAMIN SILVERBERG, MS
St. George’s University School of Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Class of 2010 Class of 2009
PAUL D. DI CAPUA HARRAS ZAID
Yale School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
Class of 2009 Class of 2010
LARS GRIMM
Yale School of Medicine
Class of 2009
NICOLE M. HSU
Second Lieutenant, United States Air Force Medical Service Corps
F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Class of 2009
ix