First Aid for the USMLE Step 3

545 Pages·2015·55.864 MB·English

by  Tao Le, Vikas Bhushan

U S M LE S t e p 3
Fourth Edition
TAO LE, MD, MHS
Associate Clinical Pro essor o Medicine and Pediatrics
Chie , Section o Allergy and Immunology
Department o Medicine
University o Louisville
VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD
Diagnostic Radiologist
JAMES S. YEH, MD, MPH
Attending Physician
Research Fellow
Department o Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
KACHIU CECILIA LEE, MD, MPH
Clinical and Research Fellow
Wellman Center or Photomedicine
Department o Dermatology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
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Copyright © 2016 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the
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ISBN: 978-0-07-181455-3
MHID: 0-07-181455-8
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NOTICE
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DEDICATION
To Andrea “Andi” Fellows, who loyally shepherded
countless First Aid manuscripts and proo s to publication
or the bene t o students and physicians everywhere.
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Co nte nts
Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii CHAPTER 10. Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Image Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
Faculty Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii CHAPTER 11. Musculoskeletal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
CHAPTER 12. Nephrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231
How to Contribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
CHAPTER 13. Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
CHAPTER 1. Guide to the USMLE Step 3 and
Supplement: Guide to the CCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
CHAPTER 14. Obstetrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
CHAPTER 2. Ambulatory Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CHAPTER 15. Gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
CHAPTER 3. Cardiovascular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
CHAPTER 16. Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
CHAPTER 4. Emergency Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
CHAPTER 17. Psychiatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
CHAPTER 5. Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CHAPTER 18. Pulmonary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381
CHAPTER 6. Ethics and Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
CHAPTER 19. High-Yield CCS Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . .397
CHAPTER 7. Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
CHAPTER 8. Hematology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
CHAPTER 9. Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
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AUTHORS
Eike Blohm, MD Joshua M. Liao, MD
Toxicology Fellow, Department o Emergency Medicine General Internal Medicine Fellow
University o Massachusetts University o Pennsylvania School o Medicine
Rupal D. Mathur, MD
Mirjana Domakonda, MD
Resident, Department o Medicine
Fellow, Division o Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department o Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
New York-Presbyterian Hospital o Columbia and Cornell
Universities Valentina Rodriguez-Triana, MD, MS
Health Sciences Assistant Clinical Pro essor
Julie C. Fu, MD
Department o Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fellow, Department o Hematology/Oncology
David Ge en School o Medicine
Tu ts Medical Center
University o Cali ornia at Los Angeles
Pourya Ghazi , MD
Sonali Saluja, MD, MPH
Hospitalist
General Internal Medicine Fellow
Optum Medical Partners
Cambridge Health Alliance
Monarch HealthCare
Harvard Medical School
Kate Humphrey, MD Yifan Zheng, MD
Faculty, Division o Patient Sa ety and Quality Clinical Research Fellow, Division o Thoracic Surgery
Pediatric Hospitalist, Division o General Pediatrics Department o Surgery
Department o Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School
IMAGE EDITOR
Mariam Aboian, MD, PhD
Resident, Department o Radiology
University o Cali ornia, San Francisco
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viii
FACULTY REVIEWERS
Aaron Berkowitz, MD, PhD Katherine Lupton, MD
Associate Neurologist Instructor, Department o Medicine
Department o Neurology Cambridge Health Alliance
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School
Instructor in Neurology
Richard J. Pels, MD
Harvard Medical School
Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program
Cambridge Health Alliance
Fabienne Bourgeois, MD, MPH
Harvard Medical School
Pediatric Hospitalist, Division o General Pediatrics
Corinne Rhodes, MD
Department o Medicine
Fellow, Division o General Internal Medicine
Boston Children’s Hospital
Department o Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Eddy J. Chen, MD
Harvard Medical School
Instructor o Medicine
Department o Medical Oncology Brianne Romeroso, MD
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Assistant Clinical Pro essor, Obstetrics and Gynecology
University o Cali ornia, Los Angeles
Emily Grover, MD
Heather F. Sateia, MD
Fellow in Medical Simulation and Education
Instructor, Division o General Internal Medicine
STRATUS Center or Medical Simulation
Department o Medicine
Department o Emergency Medicine
Johns Hopkins School o Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Joji Suzuki, MD
Harvard Medical School
Director, Division o Addiction Psychiatry
Kathleen J. Haley, MD Department o Psychiatry
Associate Physician, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School
Associate Pro essor o Medicine
Athe Tsibris, MD, MS
Harvard Medical School
Associate Physician, In ectious Diseases
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Ole-Petter R. Hamnvik, MB, BCh, BAO, MMSc
Assistant Pro essor o Medicine
Associate Director, Fellowship Program
Harvard Medical School
Division o Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension
Amanda R. Vest, MBBS
Department o Medicine
Assistant Pro essor, Division o Cardiology
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Department o Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Tu ts University School o Medicine
Hamed Khalili, MD, MPH Daniella A. Zipkin, MD
Instructor o Medicine, Division o Gastroenterology Associate Pro essor o Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital Department o Medicine
Harvard Medical School Duke University Medical Center
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ix
Pre face
With First Aid for the USMLE Step 3, we continue our commitment to providing residents and international medi-
cal graduates with the most use ul and up-to-date preparation guides or the USMLE exams. This ourth edition
represents a thorough review in many ways and includes the ollowing:
An updated review o hundreds o high-yield Step 3 topics, presented in a ormat designed to highlight board-
■
relevant in ormation.
A renewed emphasis on integrated pathophysiology and on the “next step” in diagnosis and management.
■
More high-yield, vignette-style “f ash cards” and our-color images designed to enhance study.
■
A thoroughly revised exam preparation guide or the USMLE Step 3 with test-taking strategies pertinent to the
■
newly revised exam.
A high-yield guide to the Computer-based Case Simulations (CCS) that includes invaluable tips and shortcuts.
■
One hundred updated minicases with presentations and management strategies similar to those o the actual
■
CCS cases.
We invite you to share your thoughts and ideas to help us improve First Aid for the USMLE Step 3. See How to
Contribute, p. xiii.
Tao Le
Louisville
Vikas Bhushan
Los Angeles
James S. Yeh
Boston
Kachiu Cecilia Lee
Boston
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