Table Of Content

USMLE Step 2 CK Eighth Edition TAO LE, MD, MHS Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Chief, Section of Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine University of Louisville VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD Diagnostic Radiologist NATHAN WILLIAM SKELLEY, MD Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine Barnes-Jewish Hospital St. Louis, Missouri New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2007 by Tao Le. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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STEP 2 CK QMAX Realistic USMLE simulation by the FIRST AID authors ▲ 2600+ high-yield Step 2 CK questions with detailed explanations Create highly customized tests ▲ ▲ Select questions by difficulty level ▲ Simulate a half-day or full-day exam ▲ Pass guarantee - pass or we will ddoouubbllee yyoouurr ssuubbssccrriippttiioonn See Web site for Terms and Conditions www.usmlerx.com DeDication To our families, friends, and loved ones, who supported and assisted in the task of assembling this guide. and To the contributors to this and future editions, who took time to share their knowledge, insight, and humor for the benefit of students. This page intentionally left blank v Contents Contributing Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Infectious Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Image Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Musculoskeletal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Web Contributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Faculty Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Obstetrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 How to Contribute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Psychiatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 How to Use This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Pulmonary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Renal/Genitourinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 SECTION 1: GUIDE TO EFFICIENT EXAM Selected Topics in Emergency Medicine . . . . . . . . 465 PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rapid Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 USMLE Step 2 CK—Computer-Based Testing SECTION 3: T OP-RATED REVIEW Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Defining Your Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 How to Use the Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 Study Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Comprehensive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Test-Day Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Question Banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 Testing Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Internal Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 SECTION 2: DATABASE OF HIGH-YIELD OB/GYN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 How to Use the Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Psychiatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Cardiovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Commercial Review Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Epidemiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Appendix I: Abbreviations and Symbols. . . . . . . . . 543 Ethics and Legal Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Appendix II: Common Laboratory Values. . . . . . . . 549 Gastrointestinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 Hematology/Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 About the Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 This page intentionally left blank vii contRiBUtinG aUtHoRS Peter DeBartolo, MD Jessica Schiffman, MD/MPH candidate Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard School of Public Health Maricopa Medical Center Class of 2011 Whitney Green, MD Johns Hopkins University Class of 2012 Resident, Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Hospital Jason Solus, MD Mark Jensen Resident, Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital University of Rochester School of Medicine Class of 2012 Sophia Strike, MD Anisha Khaitan, MD Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident, Department of Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Allison Leigh Tsao, MD Richard Pollock, MD Resident, Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident, Department of Anesthesiology The Johns Hopkins Hospital iMaGe eDitoR S . Jarrett Wrenn, MD, PhD Resident, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco WeB contRiBUtoR Lauren Rothkopf, MD Resident, Department of Internal Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center FacULtY ReVieWeRS Kia Afshar, MD Tina Latimer, MD, MPH Fellow, Division of Cardiology Assistant Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Cleveland Clinic Foundation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Susan W . Lehmann, MD Eric Darius Balighian, MD Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Instructor, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Saint Agnes and Johns Hopkins Hospital Michael Levy, MD, PhD David cosgrove, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Murray A . Mittleman, MD, DrPH Abigail Dennis, MD Director, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit Assistant Professor, Obstetrics/Gynecology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Kendall Moseley, MD Sameer Dhalla, MD Instructor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Johns Hopkins Hospital Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Adam Spivak, MD Instructor, Department of Medicine Mark Hughes, MD, MA Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Assistant Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine R . Scott Stephens, MD Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Faculty, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Core Faculty, Berman Institute of Bioethics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Nancy Hueppchen, MD Miho J . Tanaka, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics Orthopaedic Fellow, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Hospital for Special Surgery Adrianna Jackson, MD Sumeska Thavarajah, MD Resident, Department of Dermatology Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center This page intentionally left blank