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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK Clinical Knowledge PDF

593 Pages·2012·31.56 MB·English
by  Tao Le
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Preview First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK Clinical Knowledge

USMLE Step 2 CK Eighth Edition TAO LE, MD, MHS Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Chief, Section of Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine University of Louisville VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD Diagnostic Radiologist NATHAN WILLIAM SKELLEY, MD Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine Barnes-Jewish Hospital St. Louis, Missouri New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2007 by Tao Le. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-176749-1 MHID: 0-07-176749-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-176137-6, MHID: 0-07-176137-3. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an edito- rial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confi rm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/ or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. STEP 2 CK QMAX Realistic USMLE simulation by the FIRST AID authors ▲ 2600+ high-yield Step 2 CK questions with detailed explanations Create highly customized tests ▲ ▲ Select questions by difficulty level ▲ Simulate a half-day or full-day exam ▲ Pass guarantee - pass or we will ddoouubbllee yyoouurr ssuubbssccrriippttiioonn See Web site for Terms and Conditions www.usmlerx.com DeDication To our families, friends, and loved ones, who supported and assisted in the task of assembling this guide. and To the contributors to this and future editions, who took time to share their knowledge, insight, and humor for the benefit of students. This page intentionally left blank v Contents Contributing Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Infectious Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Image Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Musculoskeletal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Web Contributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Faculty Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Obstetrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 How to Contribute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Psychiatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 How to Use This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Pulmonary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Renal/Genitourinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 SECTION 1: GUIDE TO EFFICIENT EXAM Selected Topics in Emergency Medicine . . . . . . . . 465 PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rapid Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 USMLE Step 2 CK—Computer-Based Testing SECTION 3: T OP-RATED REVIEW Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Defining Your Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 How to Use the Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 Study Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Comprehensive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Test-Day Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Question Banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 Testing Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Internal Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 SECTION 2: DATABASE OF HIGH-YIELD OB/GYN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 How to Use the Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Psychiatry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Cardiovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Commercial Review Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Epidemiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Appendix I: Abbreviations and Symbols. . . . . . . . . 543 Ethics and Legal Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Appendix II: Common Laboratory Values. . . . . . . . 549 Gastrointestinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 Hematology/Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 About the Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 This page intentionally left blank vii contRiBUtinG aUtHoRS Peter DeBartolo, MD Jessica Schiffman, MD/MPH candidate Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard School of Public Health Maricopa Medical Center Class of 2011 Whitney Green, MD Johns Hopkins University Class of 2012 Resident, Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Hospital Jason Solus, MD Mark Jensen Resident, Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital University of Rochester School of Medicine Class of 2012 Sophia Strike, MD Anisha Khaitan, MD Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident, Department of Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Allison Leigh Tsao, MD Richard Pollock, MD Resident, Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident, Department of Anesthesiology The Johns Hopkins Hospital iMaGe eDitoR S . Jarrett Wrenn, MD, PhD Resident, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco WeB contRiBUtoR Lauren Rothkopf, MD Resident, Department of Internal Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center FacULtY ReVieWeRS Kia Afshar, MD Tina Latimer, MD, MPH Fellow, Division of Cardiology Assistant Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Cleveland Clinic Foundation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Susan W . Lehmann, MD Eric Darius Balighian, MD Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Instructor, Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Saint Agnes and Johns Hopkins Hospital Michael Levy, MD, PhD David cosgrove, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Murray A . Mittleman, MD, DrPH Abigail Dennis, MD Director, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit Assistant Professor, Obstetrics/Gynecology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Kendall Moseley, MD Sameer Dhalla, MD Instructor, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Johns Hopkins Hospital Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Adam Spivak, MD Instructor, Department of Medicine Mark Hughes, MD, MA Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Assistant Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine R . Scott Stephens, MD Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Faculty, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Core Faculty, Berman Institute of Bioethics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Nancy Hueppchen, MD Miho J . Tanaka, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics Orthopaedic Fellow, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Hospital for Special Surgery Adrianna Jackson, MD Sumeska Thavarajah, MD Resident, Department of Dermatology Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center This page intentionally left blank

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The eighth edition of First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK is written by medical students who successfully passed the exam and reviewed by top faculty. The result is proven information and strategies that maximize your study time and deliver the results you want!
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