First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020,

876 Pages·2019·69.34 MB·English

FIRST AID
FOR
THE®
USMLE
STEP 1
2020
TAO LE, MD, MHS VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD
Founder, ScholarRx Boracay
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine
University of Louisville School of Medicine
MATTHEW SOCHAT, MD VAISHNAVI VAIDYANATHAN, MD
Fellow, Department of Hematology/Oncology Resident, Department of Pediatric Neurology
St. Louis University School of Medicine Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital
SARAH SCHIMANSKY, MB BCh BAO JORDAN ABRAMS
Resident, Department of Ophthalmology St. George’s University School of Medicine
Royal United Hospitals Bath Class of 2020
KIMBERLY KALLIANOS, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
New York / Chicago / San Francisco / Athens / London / Madrid / Mexico City
Milan / New Delhi / Singapore / Sydney / Toronto
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Copyright © 2020 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-1-26-046205-0
MHID: 1-26-046205-6
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-046204-3,
MHID: 1-26-046204-8.
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Dedication
To the contributors to this and past editions, who took
time to share their knowledge, insight, and humor for the
benefit of students and physicians everywhere.
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Contents
Contributing Authors vii General Acknowledgments xv
Associate Authors viii How to Contribute xvii
Faculty Advisors ix How to Use This Book xix
Thirtieth Anniversary Foreword xi Selected USMLE Laboratory Values xx
Preface xiii First Aid Checklist for the USMLE Step 1 xxii
Special Acknowledgments xiv
``SECTION I GUIDE TO EFFICIENT EXAM PREPARATION 1
Introduction 2 Test-Taking Strategies 22
USMLE Step 1—The Basics 2 Clinical Vignette Strategies 23
Defining Your Goal 12 If You Think You Failed 24
Learning Strategies 13 Testing Agencies 24
Timeline for Study 16 References 25
Study Materials 20
``SECTION I SUPPLEMENT SPECIAL SITUATIONS 27
``SECTION II HIGH-YIELD GENERAL PRINCIPLES 29
How to Use the Database 30 Pathology 205
Biochemistry 33 Pharmacology 229
Immunology 95 Public Health Sciences 255
Microbiology 123
v
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``SECTION III HIGH-YIELD ORGAN SYSTEMS 275
Approaching the Organ Systems 276 Neurology and Special Senses 489
Cardiovascular 279 Psychiatry 553
Endocrine 325 Renal 577
Gastrointestinal 357 Reproductive 611
Hematology and Oncology 403 Respiratory 659
Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue 445 Rapid Review 689
``SECTION IV TOP-RATED REVIEW RESOURCES 711
How to Use the Database 712 Biochemistry 716
Question Banks and Books 714 Cell Biology and Histology 716
Web and Mobile Apps 714 Microbiology and Immunology 717
Comprehensive 715 Pathology 717
Anatomy, Embryology, and Neuroscience 715 Pharmacology 718
Behavioral Science 716 Physiology 718
``
Abbreviations and Symbols 719 Index 749
Image Acknowledgments 727 About the Editors 808
vi
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Contributing Authors
MAJED H. ALGHAMDI, MBBS KAITLYN MELNICK, MD
Resident, Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Resident, Department of Neurological Surgery
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
LILIT ASLANYAN MARY KATHERINE MONTES de OCA, MD
New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Class of 2020 Duke University Hospital
HUMOOD BOQAMBAR, MB BCh BAO SCOTT MOORE, DO
Assistant Registrar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Assistant Professor of Medical Laboratory Sciences
Farwaniya Hospital Weber State University
WEELIC CHONG VASILY OVECHKO, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Resident, Department of Surgery
MD/PhD Candidate Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
KRISTINA DAMISCH VIVEK PODDER
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine MBBS Student
Class of 2020 Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh
YUMI KOVIC, MD CONNIE QIU
Resident, Department of Psychiatry Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
University of Massachusetts Medical School MD/PhD Candidate
I I t
mage and llustratIon eam
CAROLINE COLEMAN VICTOR JOSE MARTINEZ LEON, MD
Emory University School of Medicine Central University of Venezuela
Class of 2020
ALIREZA ZANDIFAR, MD
MATTHEW HO ZHI GUANG
Research Fellow
University College Dublin (MD), DFCI (PhD) Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
MD/PhD Candidate
vii
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Associate Authors
HUZAIFA AHMAD, MD SARINA KOILPILLAI
Resident, Department of Medicine St. George’s University School of Medicine
Georgetown University Hospital/MedStar Washington Hospital Center Class of 2020
ALEXANDER R. ASLESEN LAUREN N. LESSOR, MPH, MD
Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine Resident, Department of Pediatrics
Class of 2020 Mercy Health – St. Vincent Medical Center
ANUP K. BHATTACHARYA, MD ROHAN BIR SINGH, MD
Resident, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology
Washington University School of Medicine Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Harvard Medical School
ANUP CHALISE, MBBS
Resident, Department of General Surgery
Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital
ASHTEN R. DUNCAN, MPH
University of Oklahoma-Tulsa School of Community Medicine
Class of 2021
I I t
mage and llustratIon eam
YAMNA JADOON, MD MITCHELL A. KATONA
Research Associate University of Texas Health Science Center, Long School of Medicine
Aga Khan University Class of 2020
DANA M. JORGENSON TAYLOR MANEY, MD
Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
Class of 2020 Brigham and Women’s Hospital
viii
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Faculty Advisors
DIANA ALBA, MD ANTHONY L. DeFRANCO, PhD
Clinical Instructor Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
MARK A.W. ANDREWS, PhD CHARLES S. DELA CRUZ, MD, PhD
Professor of Physiology Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill Yale School of Medicine
MARIA ANTONELLI, MD SAKINA FARHAT, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology Consulting Gastroenterologist
MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
HERMAN SINGH BAGGA, MD CONRAD FISCHER, MD
Urologist, Allegheny Health Network Associate Professor, Medicine, Physiology, and Pharmacology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Passavant Touro College of Medicine
SHIN C. BEH, MD RAYUDU GOPALAKRISHNA, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics Associate Professor, Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences
UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California
JOHN R. BUTTERLY, MD RYAN C.W. HALL, MD
Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry
Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine University of South Florida School of Medicine
SHELDON CAMPBELL, MD, PhD LOUISE HAWLEY, PhD
Professor of Laboratory Medicine Immediate Past Professor and Chair, Department of Microbiology
Yale School of Medicine Ross University School of Medicine
BROOKS D. CASH, MD JEFFREY W. HOFMANN, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Resident, Department of Pathology
University of South Alabama School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
SHIVANI VERMA CHMURA, MD CLARK KEBODEAUX, PharmD
Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry Clinical Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science
Stanford University School of Medicine University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
BRADLEY COLE, MD KRISTINE KRAFTS, MD
Assistant Professor of Basic Sciences Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences
Loma Linda University School of Medicine University of Minnesota School of Medicine
LINDA S. COSTANZO, PhD MATTHEW KRAYBILL, PhD
Professor, Physiology & Biophysics Clinical Neuropsychologist
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Cottage Health, Santa Barbara, California
MANAS DAS, MD, MS GERALD LEE, MD
Director, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology, and Histology Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
University of Massachusetts Medical School Emory University School of Medicine
ix
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