FIRST AID Emergency Medicine Clerkship

492 Pages·2006·16.45 MB·English

by  Latha Stead

FIRSTAID
FOR THE ®
Emergency
Medicine
Clerkship
Second Edition
LATHA G. STEAD, MD, FACEP
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
S. MATTHEW STEAD, MD, PhD
Class of 2001
State University of New York––Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York
Epilepsy Research Fellow
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
MATTHEW S. KAUFMAN, MD
Hematology Fellow
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New Hyde Park, New York
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DOI: 10.1036/007144873X
FACULTY REVIEWERS
AMADOALEJANDROBÁEZ, MD, MSC, EMT-P DAVID L. KLOCKE, MD
Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care Consultant, Dept. of Emergency Medicine
and Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Rochester, Minnesota
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
RAQUEL M. SCHEARS, MD, MPH, FACEP
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
AMAL MATTU, MD, FAAEM, FACEP Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Rochester, Minnesota
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Emergency
Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
RESIDENT REVIEWERS
ANJALI BHAGRA, MBBS RACHEL M. GILMORE, MRCPI
Research Associate Resident in Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester, Minnesota
HOWARD K. MELL, MD, MPH
SUMIT BHAGRA, MBBS Resident in Emergency Medicine
Resident in Internal Medicine Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester, Minnesota
LEKSHMI VAIDYANATHAN, MBBS
BRENDAN DOYLE, MRCPI Department of Emergency Medicine
Research Fellow, Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester, Minnesota
iii
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CONTENTS
Introduction vii
SECTION I: HOW TO SUCCEED IN THE EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLERKSHIP 1
SECTION II: HIGH-YIELD FACTS 7
Resuscitation 9
Diagnostics 25
Trauma 45
Neurologic Emergencies 81
Head and Neck Emergencies 117
Respiratory Emergencies 131
Cardiovascular Emergencies 145
Gastrointestinal Emergencies 187
Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies 217
Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies 241
Gynecologic Emergencies 261
Obstetric Emergencies 273
Musculoskeletal Emergencies 289
Endocrine Emergencies 325
Dermatologic Emergencies 337
Procedures 365
Emergency Toxicology 393
v
Environmental Emergencies 429
Ethics, Medicolegal Issues, and Evidence-Based Medicine 459
SECTION III: CLASSIFIED 465
Index 471
vi
INTRODUCTION
This clinical study aid was designed in the tradition of the First Aid series of
books. It is formatted in the same way as the other books in the series; how-
ever, a stronger clinical emphasis was placed on its content. You will find that
rather than simply preparing you for success on an exam, this resource will
also help guide you in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of many of the
problems seen by emergency physicians.
The content of the book is based on the American College of Emergency
Physicians (ACEP) and Society of Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM)
recommendations for the Emergency Medicine curriculum for fourth-year
medical students. It also contains information derived from the Core Curricu-
lum, an outline developed by the Residency Review Committee, which de-
tails the information that EM residents are expected to learn and will ulti-
mately be responsible for on their oral and written board exams. Each of the
chapters contains the major topics central to the practice of EM and has been
specifically designed for the medical student learning level. In addition, spe-
cial chapters such as Diagnostics and Procedures have been included to em-
phasize the more clinical nature of EM.
The content of the text is organized in the format similar to other texts in the
First Aidseries. Topics are listed by bold headings, and the “meat” of the topic
provides essential information. The outside margins contain mnemonics, dia-
grams, exam and ward tips, summary or warning statements, and other mem-
ory aids. Exam tips are marked by , ED tips by the symbol , and typi-
cal scenarios by the symbol .
vii
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S E C T I O N I
How to Succeed
in the Emergency
Medicine Clerkship
1
Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.