Firo kalfe fii laawol ngalu e huuwondiral. Lagine. Aala kumpital, fahmu e saakital. Witto pular PDF
Preview Firo kalfe fii laawol ngalu e huuwondiral. Lagine. Aala kumpital, fahmu e saakital. Witto pular
Secrétariat Permanent de la Centre d’Etudes des Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté Langues Guinéennes (SPSRP) (CELG) Firo kalfe fii laawol ngalu e huuwondiral Lagine Aala kumpital, fahmu e saakital Witto pular Wallifiixo : James G. BENNETT Firºo : Abdallah DIALLO Yunaayiru 2005 2 Rewro koe yewtere (sommaire) Hunorde (introduction)........................................................................................................... 3 Hunorde witto pular ngon (introduction à la traduction en pular)............................................ 5 1 Konnguºi arani ºin (les notions de base)....................................................................... 7 1.1 Vantal (le développement)..................................................................................... 7 1.2 Baasal ngal (la pauvreté)....................................................................................... 8 1.3 Ganndal fii dental xate limre huutorxe (la statistique)............................................. 9 2 Xatal ngaluyankewal ngal (la politique économique)................................................... 11 2.1 Laawol ngalu manngu ngun (la politique macroéconomique).............................. 11 2.1.1 Kaalisi laamu ngun e sariyaaji mun (les finances publiques)........................ 13 2.1.2 Laawol fii nbuuxi [kaalisiiji] xin (la politique monétaire)................................. 13 2.2 Laawol salnduwol (la politique sectorielle)............................................................ 15 2.2.1 Demal ngayna e oogirxe jawle nder leydi (l’agriculture et les mines)............ 16 2.2.2 Luusinji xin (l’industrie)................................................................................. 18 2.2.3 Cuuxi gollirxi xin (les services)..................................................................... 19 2.2.4 Darnoodi ngalu (l’infrastructure économique)............................................... 20 2.3 Jeyal laamu (l’administration publique)................................................................. 21 2.4 Salndu heeroral (le secteur privé)........................................................................ 21 3 Laawol huuwonndiral (la politique sociale)................................................................... 22 3.1 Calxi huuwondiral (les secteurs sociaux)............................................................. 22 3.1.1 Needi e jannde (l’éducation)......................................................................... 22 3.1.2 Cellal ngal (la santé)..................................................................................... 25 3.1.3 Golle xate (l’infrastructure routière).............................................................. 28 3.2 Kisiyee ka wonndiigu (la sécurité sociale)............................................................ 28 3.3 Huuwondiral hawtuve golle (la société civile)....................................................... 29 3.4 Fii gorko e debbo (l’aspect genre)........................................................................ 30 4 Gollidal leydi e leydi (la coopération internationale)..................................................... 30 5 Laamaaku (la gouvernance)........................................................................................ 31 Vulli mawxi kunpitti (les prinicipales sources d’information)................................................. 34 Sifooreji e hoore wallifiiºo on e firºo on (notes biographiques)............................................ 35 Inºe kalfe mawºe ºen (liste des motsclés)......................................................................... 36 Sifooreeji fii no deftere nden wela janngirde (notes du lecteur)............................................ 39 3 Hunorde (introduction) Kun deftun ko woni faanda mun arano on, ko fensitanngol jamaa on fii kalfe mawºe e fonndooji humondirºi e laawol ngalu e huuwondiral Lagine. Ka hertinngol, ko wattugol e junngo janngoowo on, aala kunpital, e saakital e fahmu alhaaliiji ”antal ngalu e huuwondiral leydi ndin fow, tentinii hella ka laawol jippiro fii mehugol baasal. Kun deftun saggitorkun (firo kalfe) ko adii fewtude, ko fewjoo”e ”en ka laawol ngalu e huuwondiral, wonndude e yeesoo”e waajotoo”e, nea ”en (wano meerii”e ”en, almaamii”e ”en surnalistii”e ”en, jannoo”e ”en…) e janngu”e, ferani ”antal ”en, tentinii ”ee ka cuuºi ekkitirºi winnda jannga. Kono kadi, hikun sakkitori fewtude jamaa leydi ndin haanuºo anndude wonndema alºere makko nden ºa””ugol ºun ko kanko ”uri fewtude. Ko ºun addi firgol ndee deftere, yaltina nde e ºenºe Lagine buy. Xee golle, immoode mun, ko maadaaku he”iingu e nder duu”i jowi arahootaaji yawºi Lagine (20022004), e nder majji, wallifiiºo on waawi wallitorde nooneeji buy łaa e””ugol, laatina golle antere uytugol miskinaku ngun. E nder jonndeeji golle buy, yeeso e ”aawo fottanngol, kanyun e guwernaman Lagine on, e yunaayiru 2002, fii ndee anntere, Gineyenbe tawdaabe e hobbe wallondirteebe ben, hari soono wo no fotta e satteendeeji kunpital, tentinii telemma ka kalfe hertude. Hara le wonaa wonndema hari wakkilaare fii kunpital ngal no nakki : seedee mun, goddun dun, wano golleeji hewdi e muulaadi di Giral Wianoongal Ganndal e Kunpital, bay neebii, wontoyi Corfol Kunpital e moggo cukkitto Duumiido halfinaado fii antere Uytugol Miskinaaku ngun. Kono le, din wakkilaareeji e dun mun, faamugol laawol antere fii uytugol miskinaaku Lagine no barkiºi haa han, tentinii ka gire ngaluuje e huuwondiralje, kono kadi, hella ka okkondiro annasiyaaji ºi gire calºiije hertinanaaºe tawti, gaanin ºoo, gire calºiije hertinaaºe hawtindirºe leyºe kawtirºe fii antere uytugol miskinaaku. Ngoo mottindiro kalfe hertuºe, humiiºe, de kala majje, e taskal winndannde iwnde e oo Keyee fii antere Uytugol Miskinaaku – iwnde ka kuugal tigi – laatiingo da\\ere fensito kalfe wonannde denndaangal neººo yiººo woowude, hu”indoo kalfe laawol ngalu e huuwondiral Lagine. E nder ndee muulannde, wallifiiºo on ko adii ºa””ude ko hawtindirgol fensito ngo jil”aa, welngo faamanaade fow, tippude e huutorgol kalfe ”urºe lollannde fow ºen, senngo Lagine ngon. Konnon, hingo takkii ji”ili”iiji goo nju””udiiji taariikayankooji kalfe ºen, maandeeji annditirºi ºatal rewaangal ngal, e sellugol sifooreeji ºin, hara hiºi nananii diiwe ºen fow, waadi e gannde leydi ndin fow, e misal – hattiri, hella ºon on, e kunpitalji ºi piiji sifaaºi fii mun ºoo ºin faamataako e”aawo mun. Telemmaºon, ndeeºoo saggitorde (fensito kalfe) ko yer fuººorºun golle ”uroyaºe luggineede, hertinanee kalfe fensitaaºe ºoo ºen. E sagara ºimmo, ganndiºu”e suudu Taskal Xenºe Lagineyankooje, ka Duºal Mawngal Konaakiri ”en firii saggitorde nden e nder ºenºe Lagine tati Sooso, Pular e Maninka Jooºanºe golle buy newinii yeººinngol firooji ºin fow e adagol feppindira\ial saggitorde nden (firo kalfe ºen) e faaleeji e sartiiji gire jeyºe nde ºen. Tippude e yaltuºi e tefoore ºoworaande nden e nder diiwe ºenºeyankooje hatonjinaaºe e mun ºen tati, telemma ka nafaaji e ka anndeeji gire ºe nde waºiraa fii mun ºen, buy girritike hitte saggitorde nden. E senngo goo kadi, tefoore ºoworaande nden yaltintinii golle haqiiqaaje (mawºe) ºe rajo riral on waºi ºen, nde tawnoo ko o ”undu su”aandu ko hunpitoree laawol ngalu e huuwondiral leydi ndin, e hoore kadi rewrugol mo ko laabudda ”urtoowo łinnude fonndooji. Maandaakuuji e finaa 4 tawaaji ºin, ka laawol ngalu e huuwondiral, telemma ka mbaaloodi konnguºi e ka łinnugol ngol laawol. Ko ngal huuwondiral almanwal bałiingal inneteengal GTZ wallitori men kalisi si men winndi ndee deftere, men jonni nde ganndiºu”e firi, saatoyi e moggo ”e nde winndanaa ”en. Oo GTZ no faandii huutorgol saggitorde nden, nde wona aala kunpital, saakital e fahminal, e nder diiwe Lagine ºe o woni e wallitaade, ºun ko BaasiGine (DaandeBaharu), HootuGine (Funnaange) e MoyenGine (FuutaJaloo). Firo saggitorde nden no jokkaa taho. Wallifiiºo on taw ko laabudda e mun ka o laa”a poy, o jarna wallitii”e mo ”en fow, wano: M. Peter HILLEN, lanºo porosee (projet) e ballo Antere Uytugol Miskinaaku ngun ka Ministeeri Pilan; Alhajji Mammadu SOO, Cukkitto kiººo Dawla on ka Pilan Ministeeri Ngalu e Kaalisi ; Ibraahiima Sori SANNGARE, Cukkitto golloowo ka antere uytugol Miskinaaku; Cheick A. Tijjaani JALLO e Adullaahi BEEY surnalistii”e tawaa”e ka Corfol Cukkitol Kunpital Tabitungol halfinaangol antere Uytugol Miskinaaku ; Mammadu KAMARAA, Abdallah DIALLO, Jibriil BATCILI, jannoo”e, tefa fii gannde ka Suudu Tefooru Xenºe Lagineyankooje ka Duºal Mawngal Konaakiri ; Bernd HEINE e Matthias BRENZINGER, Porfeser”e Tefoo”e ka Suudu tefooreeji Afirikiyankooji wonndu ka Duºal Mawngal Koloołi (Cologne); e Kathrin ROTHHAAS, ballo anndanºo wonºo ka kabinee (cabinet) «International Policy Advising» (IPA) Koloołi, Almaałi (Allemagne). Wallitii”e lan ”en fow, naa oo maa oo, mi jarnii ”e ko laa”i poy Miºo yelii kala hatonjinºo e ndee saggitorde taw e nder mayre, aala no foolira satteendeeji hella ka baNNeeji huuwondiral, ka ngalu e ka ºenºe, wooduºi ko wallitoo ”e no ”e ”urta faamirde laawol ngalu e huuwondiral Lagine, e no ”e ”urta faamondirirde hakkunde ma””e. Dr. James G. BENNETT Duºal Mawngal Koloołi Almaałi Yunaayiru 2005 5 Hunorde witto pular ngon (introduction à la traduction en pular) Hella ka firgol ºee golle e pular laawol amen ngol men ºowori ngol, ko jokkungol no winndori ka \ial non tigitigi, jokkora sariyaaji ºenngal pular ngal hella ka tafoodi maggal e ka yaajere kalfe maggal, heyºintinora ngal hara feNaakika naamuuji maggal panndi. E nde ºun, ko rimino e tokkindiro kalfe on men ºowori, hella ka sicugol kalfe kese. Kono kala nde tawi kalfe cincaaºe ºen laa”aa poy, men tawtinay ºe kalfe lu”aaºe, fensitaa, ºe huutoroo”e ºenngal ngal Ben Buri anndude. E misal, firooji kalfe wano « banque, syndicat, sida, VIH etc », ko nii winndori : « banki, senndikaa, sidaa, VIH eknm. ». Hella ka nbaaloodi binndol, abajada keso on no seedi fota e kiººo on. Wano \ie ºen, ka harfuuji tati bannbindirtenoo hen fow, wontii ºiºi, ka wonnoo ºiºi hen wontii gooto, ko ”uri hewde ton. E nder ºun, e hino : ndy (ndyulaaku) → nj (njulaaku) bh (bhibbhe) → ” (”i””e) dh (dhenngal) → º (ºenngal) gh (ghibla) → q (qibla) mb (mbawdi) → nb (nbawdi) ng (ngalu) → ng (ngalu) nh (nhari) → N (Nari) ny (nyeenyal) → ł (łeełal) ty (tyellal) → c (cellal) yh (moyyhungu) → \ (mo\\ungu) Maandino mase ºen kan, huunde waylaaki (taskee ka abajada on fow no winndaa ºon, yeeso ºoo). Meºen gaynitora anndintinngol wonndema golle haNNil sollitataa muk. Ko ºun si men toroto yo kala jannguºo deftere duku, Nerma, wurtana men no firo ngon ”urta mo\\irde. Abdallah DIALLO Firºo on Xuºal Mawngal Konaakiri Lagine BP. 3588 Yunaayiru 2005 6 Abajada Pular Lagine kiººo on e keso on Abajada kiººo on Abajada Keso on a a b b bh ” mb nb d d dh º nd nd e e f f g g gh q ng ng h h i i dy j ndy nj k k l l m m n n ny ł nh N o o p p r r s s t t ty c u u w w y y yh \ 7 1 Konnguºi arani ºin (les notions de base) 1.1 Vantal (le développement) Joltavantal (le sousdéveloppement) Hella ka hakkunde leyde, ko wietee leydi joltavantal ko leydi ndi keval nexxo mun bajjo jaasi keval nexxo aduna on. Ko woni kadi leydi tawaandi e giral jaasuxe yaarude yeeso xen ko ndi keval nexxo bajjo mun jaasi teemederel 50 (50%) keval nexxo bajjo aduna on. Vantal ngalu (le développement économique) Ko zaa no leydi veydirta bawgal mun ngal, ka toore keyeeji e aalaaji gollirxi. Vantal duumotoongal (le développement durable) Ko noone vantal etiingal no huntira haajuuji fewndiixi xin, hara kadi falloraali bawxe jamaanuuji aroyooji xin ka huntugol haajuuji majji xin. Konngol vantalduumotoongal ngal ko lonto lowre humindirnde huuwondiral ngal e hunndaari ndin. Hingal hertini faale navidugol kelxere ngalu ngun, yaaralyeeso wonndiigu ngun e hisingol wonunndeeji xin e humindirirgol xii tati no mo\\iri. Ko vuri kon, pehe navirooje vantal duumotongal yeeso xen, no hatti e hittinde fii huutoral pehe, e aalaaji tippuxi e tawnugol kafuve golle xen ven fow, tentinii miskinve ven ka dowriiji, ka evvugol, ka gollugol, ka toppitagol e ka ndartugol xate rewraaxe xen, ka evvooje ka zaa huuwonndire. Al’alaama vantal nexxanke (l’indice de développement humain: I.D.H) Leyxe Fottuxe xen (les Nations Unies) mo\\inii oo al’alaama fii etugol yaaralyeesooji xi leyxe xen waxi xin, hella ka vantal nexxanke, inmina hollirxi kaalisi wano toore nder leydi, nde waylaaka nden. Al’alaama vantal nexxanke, ko tere tati waxiraa: juutere ngurndan (tamau ngurndan ka jibinannde), gannde (ennbere nbawdi winndajannga jamaa hellifaave ven e ennbere naato lekkol, denndanaangal mun), e yexxere ngurndan (toore nder leydi nde waylaaka wonande hoxuxo kala), e fewndo xoo himo (al’alaama vantal nexxanke) etanaa leyxe 175. Hella ka al’alaama vantal nexxanke (indicateur de la pauvreté humaine: I.P.H), Lagine hari e 2001, ko 157 abiri e nder leyxe xen 175 fow. Hollirxun baasal nexxanke (l’indicateur de la pauvreté humaine) Ko hollirxun PNUD (Evvooje Leyde Fottuxe fii Vantal xen) etiri aalaaji (alhaaliiji seedee vantal nexxanke xin). Xun no wonndi e teemederel (%) yinve hulvinaniive xun hita maayu ado duuvi 40, teemederel (%) yinve ve waawataa winndude e janngude, ve hevataa ballalji guuwerneman voriixi e denndaangal ngalu laamu ngun, lollirxi sartiiji tati: teemederel (%) yinve ve taaqanaaka fii labitaane e ndiyan laavuxan e teemederel (%) fayveve hevaali duuvi jowi taweteeve nyanndu bonndu no havi xun. Yexxere ngurndan [ngurndanmo\\an] (la qualité de la vie) Tawaande e zaa ngurndan, lollirde wa tortorxe geval mun ka leyxe hettiixe, tippude e wattaangol yili e bonnereeji xi yaaralyeeso xuuxural toore nden woni e liggitude xin. Ennbere yenyal ngal (le taux de croissance) |awatippoo (toowere, joltere maa anngal waylagol) hollirxun e dumne anndaaxo teemederel (%) yexxere hollirxun xun ka fuxxoode dumune. Ennbereeji yezal no wonndi e nooneeji kunpite buy: waxii yahaara kaa waxaali; kohella honto (veydii kaa xuyti; toowu kaa joltu); yahaara on no uuyi? 8 1.2 Baasal ngal (la pauvreté) Baaso ko nexxo maa giral yinve ve maraa haajitorxi yonayxi ko ve huntira haajuuji telenma keyeeji e wallitorxi (wano labitaane, maa lekkol) xi wonndiigu ngun heerori. E hitaande 1990 Banki Mondiyal on (la Banque Mondiale) toxxino, wi’i: hattirde (lasili) baasal ko dala (dollar) gooto zallal nexxo kala. 19941995 40,3 e nder teemederel (40,3%) jamaa Lagine on ko ley hattirde baasal wontiri xun ko $ 300 hitaande nexxo kala. Fewndo on saai hari baasal ngal ko nii vanngiri ka nder diiwe Lagine: «Haute Guinée» (Funnaange) 62 teemederel (62%); «Moyenne Guinée» (Fuuta Jaloo) 51 teemederel (51%); «Basse Guinée» (Daande Baharu) 42 teemederel (42%); «Guinée Forestière» (Fooree) 33 teemederel (33%); «Conakry» (Konaakiri) 7 teemederel (7%). Tawano kadi zanndu yinve 20 teemederel (20%) vurve baasal ven ko karahan yonirta 7 teemederel (7%) zanndu yinve Lagine ven fow ka hawtiti. Teemederel 20 (20%) vurve alxude ven no nyaama 47 teemederel (47%) ngurndan Lagine ven fow ka hawtiti. Baasal ngal e yaajude, xuuxa nbaadiiji, ko huunde wonnde e yaarude yeeso (wonnde e layude), hevugol nde no lanndii wakkitaare jokkondirnde, duumii, wonndi e anndere yexxunde ka ballalji. Etirxe baasal (les dimensions de la pauvreté) Needi e jannde (l’éducation): Ennbere jannde ka lekkolji leyleyji on, ko beru (yeru) 28 teemederel (28%) ka waasuve (miskinve) 64 teemederel (64%) ka ve waasixaa (miskinxinaa). Ko 19 teemederel (19%) pet naati lekkol ka fayve remooveayna ven (E.I.B.C 1994/95). Cellal ngal (la santé): ko 12 teemederel (12%) pet e nder 20 teemederel (20%) veyngureeji vurxi e waasiduxe xin woni e yaade ka labitaaneeji, hara 50 teemederel (50%) e nder 20 teemederel (20%) veynguureeji vurxi alxude xin kan no yaade. Needi e jannde neeneeve ven no humondiri e cellal fayve ven, e hoore ennbere teetunnde paykoy koy no vuru xuuxude laabi xixi ka neeneeve ve janngaa (112 e nder 1000), e dii ka vee jannguve lekkol (61 e nder 1000, E.D.S –1999). Sabuuji baasal xin (les facteurs de la pauvreté) Baasal ngal no humondiri e zivoodi ngalu ngun. Awa kadi sabuuji baasal mawxi wonxi Lagine xin no wai wa si hixi humondiri e no keyeeji leydi hawtindiranooxi, woni e junngo laamu ngun. Awa kadi sabuuji baasal haqiiqaaji wonxi Lagine xin no waita wasi no humondiri e ko tawi hari laamu ngun no hawtindiri ngaluuji xin, no fewja kazun tun e leydi ndin, no anndiri non, duuvi heewuxi. No maandinaa kadi wonndema baasal ngal no tippi senngo goo e anngal nunxal ko taskaa ka fettagol golleeve kon. E misal, fiira kala Konaakiri no jaasini 20 teemederel (20%) jamaa Lagine on nden saare no huutorde (gollinde) 48 teemederel (48%) medisenve (doftooruuve), 51 teemederel (51%) saasufaamuuve (sagesfemmes) e 39 teemederel (39%) enfirmiyeeve (infirmiers) leydi ndin. Hella ka yexagol aalaaji toore, si taskaama tawete tufunndeeji (cae) xin e fulawaaji xin (dowriiji xin) no serti fota. Ko non kadi, telenma ka aalaaji nbaxxateeri, ka fulawaaji, tawete ko 0,4 teemederel (0,4%) veynguureeji xin tun mari watir; si evvindiraama e Konaakiri, no tawee ko 11 teemederel (11%) e 6 teemederel (6%) cae luttuxe xen E.I.B.C, 1994/95). Ko tawi tarawje hewtaali nokkeeli goo kon, e ko tawi coggu taranspooru no satti kon, kazun kadi no vanngi ka sabuuji baasal moolanaaxi. Jonneedezamannde yeebagol hunndaari ndin e ukkondirgol piiji (maa jikkuuji) xi wowtondiraa ka kadi no lintaa e sabuuli baasal. 9 Sertudi (la disparité) Anngal nanondiral maa fonnal tere sertuxe, e misal, sertugol huuwondire e ngaluuji, sertugol diiwe, sertugol keve e sertugol gorko e debbo. Antere fii xuytugol baasal ngal (la stratégie de la réduction de la pauvreté S.R.P.) Antere xuytugol baasal ngal ko antere (e maanaa hawtonndiral faandaaji e evvoore kuuxe fii hunnugol xi) huuvunde vantal fe`iinde e yezal ngalu ngun e duytere baasal ngal. Fanda mawxo antere xuytugol baasal ngal ko hawtindirgol keyeeji wooduxi xin fow (yinve e jawle) nawra xi ka hunnugol faandaaji laabuddaaji xi jamaaji xin toxxii xin. Ko addi yo DSRP Lagine on wattu yili e waasuve worve e rewve dowriiji ven, ka nokkuureeji xi aldaa e ngalu maa e gire yinve wurxe ka diiwe humondirxe e ngaluuji wonaaxe e walleede ven, ko huulanngol sennditugol nafaaji humiixi e vantal ngalu xin, no vuri wonndirde e nunxal. 1.3 Ganndal fii dental xate limre huutorxe (la statistique) Taskal xuuxere e layugol e yaadu jamaaji yinve ven (la démographie) Ganndal humiingal e dental limre taskotoongal fii jamaaji nexxanke e nder nyivoodiiji mawxi majji (jibinannde, duuvi, worve maa rewve e kaydi mariyaasi, huuwondiral maa golle majji, eggudu ekm.) e nder yaadu majji on. Taskalji kesi no yurnitii ganndal fii alhaaliiji nexxanke hella ka huuwondiral majji e alhaaliiji ngalu e huuwondire. Yinve taskotoove fii jamaaji nexxaanke ven no tippi e xee gannde xuuxoral jamaaji xin, kadi, hive naadori sabuuji yexxuxi, etii haynagol layal ganndal fii jamaaji nexxanke arooji xin. Denndangal jamaa on (la population totale) Denndaangal jamaa on no toxxii, ko hasii kon, jamaa fewndiixo on (ka haqiiqa) ka nder leydi, ka yinve ven, tawaaxo fendo dumne toxxaaxo on ka nder keeri leydi ndin. Jamaa Lagine on, ko mo telen yinve miliyonji 8,4 (Banque Mondiale: miliyonji 7,7 e nder 2002), ennbere yezugol on jamaa kadi hitaande kala ko 3,1 teemederel (3,1%) e nder 2002. Giral golle huuwondiral e mecce (la catégorie socioprofessionnelle) Denndaangal yinve hawtuve mecce, (demal e ngayna, luusin, njulaaku, gollelaamu) tawa kadi hive fota darnde e nder mecce (patoron maa gollinoowo, golloowo biroo, golloowo luusin, \ettaaxo golle, gollinteexo). Remoove ayna ven ka calun zaameteeji ko ve 68 teemederel (68%) jamaaji waasuve Lagine ven. Fow fow, remaayna en, si calxixin fow hawtitaama ko ve 61 teemederel (61%) jamaa on. Hive vuri 80 teemederel (80%) waasuve ven. Xii adaduuji no holli laabudda vantugol salndu dowri ndun e nokkuureeji dowri xin, fii xuytugol baasal ngal. Wontugol tufunnde maa saare (l’urbanisation) Za no jamaa leydi wonnooxo feccerevurnde nden ka dowri wontirta mo tufunnde. Ko wonata sabu xun ko iwugol yinve ven ka dowri, yaha ka tufunnde tam\inagol hevay golle vurxe e mo\\ude, e ngurndan vurxan e mo\\ude. Jamaa tufunndeejo (la population urbaine) Nde tawnoo jikkuuji senndindirxi nokkuureeji tufulle xen e dowriiji xin no seediri, ittiri no leyxe xen sertiri non, gasataa ka xi siforee nbaadi wootiri hawranayndi leyxe xen fow. 10 Tinndinooje xe tufulle xen, huutori xen ko hasii kon, no qaabaa e njanxuki majje on. No java ko hasii kon, wondema jamaa laatike tufunndeejo wo, si tufunnde makko nden, vurnii e misal 1000 maa 2000 yinve hoxuve. Ennbere yezal denndaangal jamaa (le taux d’accroissement de la population totale) Ennbere yezal denndaangal jamaa on ko veydal adadu hoxuve e leydi e nder hitaande, beru teemederel (%) adadu jamaa on fow makko, ka naatugol hitaande. Nde hollay adadu jibinaave e faatiive winndaave e nder dumune on kazun e adadu yinve egguve e arve. Ennbereeji hakindiixi yezal hitaandewal jamaa on, \ettaave e nder adadu duuvi goo, no jonna tinndinoore vurnde mo\\ude e dii ennbereejiqaabaaxi e hitaande wootere tun. E 1998 jamaa aduna on hari, o fow makko himo vuri miliyaar 5,8 yinve; ennbere yenyal makko hakindiingal ngal kadi ko 1,6 teemederel (1,6% hakkunde 1980 e 1998). Ennbere yezal jamaa tufunndeejo on [teemederel] (le taux d’accroissement de la population urbaine) Denndaangal yezal jamaa wonxo e nokkuure tufunndeere, hitaande toxxaande tinmunde, senndanangal denndaangal adadu jamaa on, ka naatugol hitaande nden, vannginiraangal teemederel. Sukkeendi jamaa on (la densité de la population) Adadu no yinve ven jooxori ka ndeloleydi, e misal. Sukkere jamaa Lagine on ko telenma yinve 30 e nder km2 (kiloomeeter kaare) kala. Xuuxere panndi jamaa on (le surpeuplement) Si jamaa sukkii panndi e nder km2, e leydi waasixundi, ndi xuuxiraaka ngaluuji leydi, xun ko maande vanngunde xuuxere panndi jamaa. Fewnitagol ko woopitaa ka etugol sukkeendiiji jamaa on, no xi ardi non kon, hollirxi buy no waawaa evvindireede. Ka nokkuureeji dowri, sukkere deme xen (gese xen) yaltintinay nokkeeli sukkere panndi jamaa on e nder leyde waaxe wa xe hoxaaka xen. E nder nokkuure tufunndeere, evvindiro sukkere koxooli xin wallay zaawude (faamude) fii cae laamorxe arane xin e anngal yinve caoy tosokoy koy. Holloojun maa seedeejun (l’indicateur) Holloojun ko tinndino faale maa ko hevii e nder ballal (e misal e nder porosee). Holloojun mo\\uxun yaltinay (ko golliraa) ko vuri kon, awa kadi, no waawoo etaade, tono on yioo, hara coggu ngun no nanii, e misal, faatagol neeneeve ven no waawi hollude anngal kelxere labitaaneeji xin. Antangol xuytugol baasal Lagine ngal, no faandii xuytugol faatunnde neeneeve Lagine ven, gila 538 haa 220 e nder 1000 (538 à 220 °/°°) jibinanxe, dumune 1999/2015. Dankagol ngol (le suivi) Zaa jokkindirgol, moova kunpitti hara gootel luttaali, tippude e hollirxi suvaaxi. On zaa no waawi jonnude yezinoove ven e wonve e tannbitaade golle vantal fewndiixe xen, seedeeji e hoore yaaralyeesooji waxaaxi faandaaji hunnaaxi xin e huutoral nbuuxi walliraaxi xin. Ndarto ngon (l’évaluation) Sariya hattinxo wonndude e fonnal e nunxal heviixi e golle e evvoore maa laawol faale hollugol ko xe foddi e waxeede kon, e ko xe nanondiri e mun kon, ko xe haanaa waxeede kon, ko xe yexxi kon, e ko xe wonndi e nafaaji e ko mo\\ereeji hevotooxi e majje xin neevata kon.
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