fire protection of steel structures

48 Pages·2011·4.79 MB·English

N O 3 9 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1
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FIRE PROTECTION OF
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STEEL STRUCTURES –
ACCEPTABLE AND
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
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UNPRECEDENTED STRENGTH
T FOR STEELDAY 2010
2010 STEEL STRUCTURES
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EDUCATION FOUNDATION
PROGRAMS UPDATE
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2010 ONTARIO STEEL
DESIGN AWARDS
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CISC SCHOLARSHIP AND
AWARDS PROGRAMS
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PM#40787580
CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

The Distributor of Choice
for Structural Steel
in Canada
Specializing in structural shapes.
Cut to size and stock length.
Wide Flange Beams, Structural Channel and H.S.S.
DYMIN STEEL INC.
133 Van KirkDrive, Brampton, Ontario L7A 1A4 T: [phone] 1-800-461-4675 F: [phone]
657 SumasWay, Abbotsford, B.C. V2S7P4 T: [phone] 1-800-852-9664 F: [phone]
16th Avenue, Nisku, Alberta T: [phone]
4 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L
The Distributor of Choice
for Structural Steel
in Canada
Specializing in structural shapes.
Cut to size and stock length.
Wide Flange Beams, Structural Channel and H.S.S.
DYMIN STEEL INC.
133 Van KirkDrive, Brampton, Ontario L7A 1A4 T: [phone] 1-800-461-4675 F: [phone]
657 SumasWay, Abbotsford, B.C. V2S7P4 T: [phone] 1-800-852-9664 F: [phone]
16th Avenue, Nisku, Alberta T: [phone]
HHooddggssoonn CCuussttoomm RRoolllliinngg IInncc..
services a wide variety of industries in the
ENERGY SECTORS of hydro, petro chemical,
atomic, gas, oil, wind, etc. in addition to those
in heavy manufacturing, steel, pulp & paper,
mining, marine, forestry, etc. Hodgson’s
commitment to providing customers superior
products and personalized professional service
has earned itself a reputation for excellence,
making the name HODGSON synonymous with
quality workmanship.
Hodgson Custom Rolling Inc. is one of North America’s largest
plate rolling, forming, section rolling and fabricating companies
STRUCTURAL SECTION ROLLING
HCR has the expertise to roll curved structural sections into a wide range of shapes
and sizes (angle, wide flange beam, I-beam, channel, bar, tee section, pipe, tubing,
rail, etc.), including flanges, support beams, gear blanks, etc. We specialize in
Spiral Staircase Stringers.
PRESS BRAKE FORMING & HOT FORMING
Hodgson Custom Rolling’s brake department processes all types of steel sections
and plate up to 18” thick. Developed shapes such as cones, trapezoids, parabolas,
reducers (round to round, square to round) etc.
PLATE ROLLING AND FLATTENING
Hodgson Custom Rolling specializes in the rolling and flattening of heavy plate up
to 10” thick and up to 12 feet wide. Cylinders and segments can be rolled to
diameters ranging from 10” to over 20 feet. Products made include ASME
pressure vessel sections, Crane Hoist Drums, thick walled pipe, etc.
HEAVY PLATE FABRICATING & SAW CUTTING
Hodgson Custom Rolling combines expertise in rolling, forming, assembly and
welding to produce various fabrications including kiln sections, rope drums, heavy
weldments, ladles, pressure vessel parts, multiple Components for Heavy Equipment
applications etc., with saw cutting of heavy plate; capacity: 80" x 80".
ASME ADVANTAGE STEEL NUMBER 39 SPRING 2011 CHAIRMAN Rob McCammon, IWL Steel Fabricators Professional engineers, architects, structural steel fabricators
and others interested in steel construction are invited to inquire
ISO9001:2008 Advantage Steel and the French-language edition Avantage Acier EDITORRob White, BFA
about CISC membership. Readers are encouraged to submit
(available on request) are published by the Canadian Institute of Steel EDITING/TECH ADVISORSuja John, P.Eng. their interesting steel construction projects for considerationfor
Construction (CISC) on behalf of its members.
PUBLISHERMediaEdge Publishing Inc. inclusion in this publication by contacting CISC.
5580 Kalar Road Telephone: [phone] U.S. Address: CISC is not responsible for the statements
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made nor for the opinions expressed in this ISSN 1192-5248 PUBLICATIONS NUMBER 40787580
Niagara Falls Toll-free: [phone] M.P.O. Box 1526 Toronto, ON M2N 6P4
Ontario, Canada Fax: [phone] Niagara Falls, NY apuckbnliocawtiloend gbeys tthhoes esu cpopnotrrtib cuotnintgri baurtteicdle tso. CthISisC pgurbaltiecafutilolyn Toll-Free: 1-866-216-0860 ext. 229 PLEASE RCEaTnUadRiNan U INnsDtiEtuLtIeV EoRf ESDt eCeOl PCoIEnSs tTruOc:tion
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Website: www.hcrsteel.com Tel[phone], Fax[phone] www.mediaedgepublishing.com Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 3T7
HODGSON CAN HELP SOLVE YOUR PROBLEMS
6 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L
HHooddggssoonn CCuussttoomm RRoolllliinngg IInncc..
services a wide variety of industries in the
ENERGY SECTORS of hydro, petro chemical,
atomic, gas, oil, wind, etc. in addition to those
in heavy manufacturing, steel, pulp & paper,
mining, marine, forestry, etc. Hodgson’s
commitment to providing customers superior
products and personalized professional service
has earned itself a reputation for excellence,
making the name HODGSON synonymous with
quality workmanship. FROM THE PRESIDENT IN THIS ISSUE
From the President
STEEL PRIMER
Ed Whalen, P.Eng. 7
As I travel Canada, I still see the majority Q & A
of buildings framed in structural steel Alfred F. Wong, P.Eng. 8
primed. Old habits die hard and old
specifications even harder. Did you know that Seismic Corner
Charles Albert, P.Eng. 10
most enclosed buildings do not need the simple
shop primer? We are spending more time and money on a product For Green’s Sake
that has no real benefit to the building. Sylvie Boulanger, Ph.D., P.Eng. 12
Hodgson Custom Rolling Inc. is one of North America’s largest
Structural steel primer is either a temporary erection coating or is Fire Protection of Steel Structures – Acceptable and Alternative Solutions
plate rolling, forming, section rolling and fabricating companies used as a base for a simple coloured top coating. For buildings George Frater and Carol Kleinfeldt 16
that are erected and enclosed within a short period, primer is not
Unprecedented Strength for SteelDay 2010 22
STRUCTURAL SECTION ROLLING needed. In an environmentally enclosed building space the steel
ceases to rust and provides the same longevity as primed steel. If 2010 SSEF Programs Update
HCR has the expertise to roll curved structural sections into a wide range of shapes
and sizes (angle, wide flange beam, I-beam, channel, bar, tee section, pipe, tubing, the steel frame is expected to remain exposed to the elements for a Maura Lecce 25
rail, etc.), including flanges, support beams, gear blanks, etc. We specialize in long time, in an environment of high corrosion, you might consider a
2010 Ontario Steel Design Awards 28
Spiral Staircase Stringers.
primer or something more high tech.
PRESS BRAKE FORMING & HOT FORMING CISC Scholarship and Coop Programs
The colour trend in steel primers is going grey. Owners and specifiers Rob White 33
Hodgson Custom Rolling’s brake department processes all types of steel sections love the grey because they think of it as paint and use it as the finish
and plate up to 18” thick. Developed shapes such as cones, trapezoids, parabolas, News & Events 36
coat. However, shop primer is a temporary coating not intended as a
reducers (round to round, square to round) etc.
PLATE ROLLING AND FLATTENING finish coat. Grey primers will show surface rust and some bleed through, CISC Members 41
more so than red primers. If you want a deluxe no-rust look, either
Hodgson Custom Rolling specializes in the rolling and flattening of heavy plate up specify it clearly in the specifications or go to a field top coat system.
to 10” thick and up to 12 feet wide. Cylinders and segments can be rolled to CISC HEAD OFFICE
diameters ranging from 10” to over 20 feet. Products made include ASME The key is to communicate exactly what you want in the specification. 3760 14thAvenue, Suite 200, Markham, Ontario L3R 3T7
Phone [phone] Fax [phone] Email: [email protected] Web: www.cisc-icca.ca
pressure vessel sections, Crane Hoist Drums, thick walled pipe, etc.
In this day of sustainability, LEED, speed, environmental consciousness REGIONAL CONTACTS
HEAVY PLATE FABRICATING & SAW CUTTING ONTARIO QUÉBEC
and cost awareness, it makes sense to eliminate unnecessary steps. In 3760 14thAvenue, Suite 200 2555, rue des Nations, bureau 202
Markham, Ontario L3R 3T7 St-Laurent, Québec H4R 3C8
Hodgson Custom Rolling combines expertise in rolling, forming, assembly and most cases the priming of structural steel is one of them. Phone [phone] ext.106 Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
Email [email protected] Email [email protected]
welding to produce various fabrications including kiln sections, rope drums, heavy
weldments, ladles, pressure vessel parts, multiple Components for Heavy Equipment Ed Whalen, P.Eng. WP.OES. TBERoNx 3&8 C0E3N1TRAL CANADA A1T5L AENyTdIiCe Drive
applications etc., with saw cutting of heavy plate; capacity: 80" x 80". Edmonton, Alberta, T6A 0A0 Rothesay, New Brunswick E2E 4Z2
President, CISC Phone [phone] Phone [phone]
Email [email protected] Email [email protected]
ASME ADVANTAGE STEEL NUMABDEVRA N3TA9G E S TSEPELR I N NGU M20BE1R1 38 FALL 2010 CHAIRMAN RCoHbA IRMMcACNa mRomb oMncC, aImWmLo nS,t IeWeLl SFtaebelr iFcaabtroicrastors PProrofefsesisosniaoln eanlg ienneegrisn, eaercrhsit,e catrsc, hstitrueccttusra, l ssttreuecl tfaubrraicla stotersel fabricators COvEr IMAGE: Bay Adelaide Centre, Toronto,
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Website: www.hcrsteel.com Tel[phone], Fax[phone] www.mediaedgepublishing.com Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 3T7
HODGSON CAN HELP SOLVE YOUR PROBLEMS
S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L 7
Q & A
Alfred F. Wong, P.Eng.
This column highlights the answers for selected questions received from readers and others seeking technical
information on steel structures. Suggested solutions may not necessarily apply to a particular structure or application,
and are not intended to replace the expertise of a professional engineer, architect or other licensed professional.
QUESTION 1: Is knife edge angle connection the right choice for axial tension or 1. In order to benefit from one of the advantages of
combined shear and axial tension? steel construction, beams are unshored. In that case,
construction loading conditions may govern;
ANSWER: Knife edge angle connection,
2. Since the deck flutes typically run perpendicular to the
commonly known as knife connection,
beam, as shown in Figure 2, (and wide-rib profile deck
is a very common type of beam shear
should be used for optimal stud shear capacity) full
connection. It features a pair of angles
composite design often results in placing multiple studs
that are typically welded to the column
per flute resulting in inefficient use of shear studs due to
in the shop and bolted to the beam
overlap of concrete shear cones; and
web in the field (Figure 1). While
3. Live load deflection or floor vibration control may govern
Figure 1 Knife edge connection knife connection serves as a popular the design.
beam shear connection, its use is not
recommended where significant axial tensile forces are to be In accordance with S16-09,
transmitted, such as end connections for braced frame members 40% or larger composite
and collectors that are subjected to significant axial tensile shear connection must be
forces. Research studies, reported in the reference below, have provided for composite
demonstrated that knife connection exhibits limited axial tensile resistance. Due to the
resistance. In the reference below, the test results of several other above-mentioned factors,
common beam shear connections subjected to combined shear most composite beams are
and axial forces were also reported. designed for 40% to 60%
Figure 3 Deck parallel to girder
shear connection. However,
Reference: Guravich, S. J. and Dawe, J. L. 2006. Simple beam composite girders are usually connected for higher composite
connections in combined shear and tension. Canadian Journal of capacity because the deck flutes run parallel to the girder and,
Civil Engineering. 33(4): 357-372. during construction, the girder is often laterally braced by the
beams framing into it (Figure 3). Where composite action is only
QUESTION 2: Should I aim for full composite action for composite beams in building required for stiffness measures, S16 permits 25% shear connection
structures? Otherwise, where do I begin? as the minimum.
ANSWER: Due to the substantial
QUESTION 3: In accordance with the National Building Code, steel building systems
increase in bending resistance
shall be manufactured by companies certified to CSA A660 “Certification of
gained from composite action,
Manufacturers of Steel Building Systems.” Does this requirement apply to all steel
partial composite capacity for
fabricating plants?
beams usually suffices. Factors
other than the ultimate limit ANSWER: No, CSA A660 does not apply to all steel fabricating
states of the composite beam plants. A steel building system (SBS) features steel for the structural
often dictate the steel beam components plus related accessories engineered and designed as
size and the percentage of a total building system, commonly referred to as “pre-engineered
composite shear connection: Figure 2 Deck perpendicular to beam buildings” for which the manufacturer is responsible for both the
8 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L
“Where composite action is only required for stiffness measures,
S16 permits 25% shear connection as the minimum”
structural design and fabrication of the building system. Since the CSA W47.1 (welding). Some are also certified to CISC Quality
designer of the steel building system is also the seller, there is no Certification Program for Steel Structures.
independent third-party representing the interests of the public.
CSA A660 ensures that the SBS manufacturer is complying with For information on CISC Certification Programs, visit the CISC
the applicable building codes and design standards, and the website at www.cisc-icca.ca/certification.
public is protected.
Questions on various aspects of design and construction of steel
The vast majority of structural steel fabricators in Canada are buildings and bridges are welcome. They may be submitted via
only involved with fabrication of building structures that a re email to [email protected]. The CISC receives and attends to a
designed by engineers employed by others. These fabricators are large volume of inquiries; only a selected few are published in
not required to be certified to CSA A660. They are certified to this column.

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S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L 9
SEISMIC CORNER
CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION IN NBCC 2010
Charles Albert, P.Eng.
Montreal, QC
A look at new provisions to account for greater uncertainty in predicting force demand in taller structures
lthough the name “Conventional Construction” was introduced • The height is limited to 60 m and 40 m for buildings subject
A
in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 2005, to increasing levels of seismicity.
the use of seismic-force-resisting systems based on a force
modification factor of R = 1.5 goes back to the NBCC 1990. • A dynamic analysis must be used, and due consideration
given to elements affecting seismic response and to
Ductility requirements for Conventional Construction were stability effects.
introduced in CSA Standard S16-01, Clause 27.10, for
regions of moderate and high seismicity. Because of the low • There are more stringent requirements for steel material
force modification factor, seismic design forces in Conventional ductility, notch toughness of base and weld metals, and cross-
Construction are greater than in other systems, but connection sectional stockiness.
details are simpler since the other ductility provisions of Clause 27
do not apply. In regions of higher seismic hazard, however, the • Design loads have been increased for columns (in some
building height limit of 15 m represented a significant restriction in situations), as well as connections, diaphragms and members
the NBCC 2005. intersecting at unbraced locations.
In the NBCC 2010, the use of Conventional Construction was • There are additional ductility requirements for connections.
extended for buildings taller than 15 m in moderate and high
seismic zones provided they comply with the more stringent Overall, these provisions are intended to account for the greater
requirements in S16-09 Clause 27.11, outlined below. uncertainty in predicting force demand in taller structures, to
prevent premature failure and non-ductile response, and to
• Seismic forces are increased in proportion to the height for encourage beam and brace yielding rather than column buckling.
buildings taller than 15 m. The CISC Commentary in Part 2 of the Handbook of Steel
Construction may be consulted for further information.
1 0 S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 A D VA N TA G E S T E E L