Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance - Aircraft Incidents

312 Pages·2011·6.39 MB·English

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Operational guidance
Aircraft Incidents
Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from:
Online
www.tsoshop.co.uk
Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail
TSO
PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN
Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522
Fax orders: 0870 600 5533
E-mail: [email protected]
Textphone 0870 240 3701
TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents
© Crown copyright 2011
Published with the permission of the Department for Communities and Local Government on
behalf of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Application for reproduction should be made to HMSO, e-mail: [email protected].
ISBN: 9780117541085
Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited
on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
ID2469685 12/11
Web version
For the purposes of the web version of this manual we have deleted the blank
pages that form the reverse of section breaks in the printed version, hence you
may notice that the page numbering is sequential.
Contents
1 Foreword 5
2 Preface 6
3 Introduction 7
4 Legal framework 13
Introduction 15
Primary fire and rescue service legislation 15
Primary health and safety at work legislation 16
Other subject specific matters 19
Further reading 21
5 Strategic role of operational guidance 23
Strategic perspective 25
Values 26
Operational guidance review protocols 26
6 Generic Risk Assessment 27
Introduction 29
7 Key principles 31
Introduction 33
8 Fire and Rescue Service Operations 35
Part A Pre-planning considerations 37
Part B Operational considerations – Generic Standard
Operating Procedure 51
Part C Technical information 73
1 Introduction to airport terminology and topography 74
2 Fixed wing aircraft design and construction 88
3 Aircraft engines 102
4 Aircraft fuel, fuel tanks and aircraft systems 112
5 Incidents Involving aircraft undercarriages 120
6 Escape slides and access points 126
Contents 3
7 Cargo aircraft 134
8 Helicopters 141
9 Military aircraft 161
10 General aviation 193
11 Aircraft firefighting and rescue considerations 210
12 On airport Incidents 227
13 Airport rescue and fire fighting service 234
14 Off airport Incidents 249
9 Appendices 257
A The role of the Police Casualty Bureau 259
B Air show management 261
C Polymer composites 269
D Ministry of Defence search and rescue facilities 279
E Hot air balloons 283
F Gliders 290
10 Acknowledgements 295
11 References and bibliography 301
12 Record of obsolete or superseded previous
operational guidance 307
13 Glossary of terms 311
4 Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance – Aircraft Incidents
SECTION 1
Foreword
Major incidents involving aircraft in the United Kingdom are extremely rare. Such incidents
place significant demands on local fire and rescue services and often require resources
and support from other fire and rescue services and emergency responders. However
smaller scale incidents involving aircraft are more prevalent and these may require a
response from any fire and rescue service in England.
The Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance – Aircraft Incidents provides robust yet
flexible guidance that can be adapted to the nature, scale and requirements of the incident.
The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser is grateful for the assistance in the development in this
guidance from a wide range of sources, including the fire and rescue service and the
aviation industry.
It is anticipated that this guidance will promote common principles, practices and
procedures that will support the fire and rescue service to resolve aircraft incidents
safely and efficiently.
Foreword 5
SECTION 2
Preface
The objective of the Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance – Aircraft Incidents is
to provide a consistency of approach that forms the basis for common operational
practices, supporting interoperability between fire and rescue services, other emergency
responders, the aviation industry and other groups. These common principles, practices
and procedures are intended to support the development of safe systems of work on the
incident ground and to enhance national resilience.
Operational Guidance issued by the Department of Communities and Local Government
promotes and develops good practice within the Fire and Rescue Service and is offered as
a current industry standard. It is envisaged that this will help establish high standards of
efficiency and safety in the interests of employers, employees and the general public.
The Guidance, which is compiled using the best sources of information known at the date
of issue, is intended for use by competent persons. The application of the guidance does
not remove the need for appropriate technical and managerial judgement in practical
situations with due regard to local circumstances, nor does it confer any immunity or
exemption from relevant legal requirements, including by-laws. Those investigating
compliance with the law may refer to this guidance as illustrating an industry standard.
It is a matter for each individual fire and rescue service whether to adopt and follow this
Operational Guidance. The onus of responsibility for application of guidance lies with the
user. Department of Communities and Local Government accept no legal liability or
responsibility whatsoever, howsoever arising, for the consequences of the use or misuse
of the guidance.
6 Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance – Aircraft Incidents
Introduction
SECTION 3
Introduction 7
Purpose
3.1 This Operational Guidance is set out in the form of a procedural and technical
framework. Fire and Rescue Services should consider it when developing or
reviewing their policy and procedures to safely and efficiently resolve emergency
incidents involving any aircraft.
3.2 The term aircraft is used to describe all types of flying machines:
• fixed wing
• rotary wing (helicopters, autogyro etc)
• balloons
• airships
• gliders
• remotely piloted air systems (unmanned aerial systems)
• microlights.
3.3 The above list will cover both civil and military aircraft. Non Fire and Rescue
Service organisations and agencies may use other more specific definitions for
their own requirements, but the above definition is the most appropriate one for
Fire and Rescue Services to base their risk assessments and planning
assumptions on.
3.4 A Fire and Rescue Service may respond to a wide range of incidents involving
numerous types of aircraft. The kind of incident varies greatly and can result in
fires, rescues, scene safety and environmental impact.
3.5 The purpose of this guidance is to assist emergency responders to make safe,
risk assessed, efficient and proportionate responses when attending and dealing
with operational incidents involving aircraft.
3.6 Whilst this guidance may be of use to a number of other agencies, it is designed
to provide relevant information, planning and operations relating to aircraft
incidents for UK Fire and Rescue Service.
Scope
3.7 The scope of this guidance covers a wide range of incident types that Fire and
Rescue Services are likely to encounter associated with aircraft. It is applicable to
any event regardless of scale, from small incidents, such as an accident involving
a microlight to a large incident involving a civil aircraft (e.g. Airbus A380) resulting
in a large scale major incident.
3.8 It is focused on the tactical and technical aspects of aircraft incidents so as to
assist Fire and Rescue Services with:
Introduction 9
3.9 the development of safe systems of work
3.10 interoperability at large or cross border incidents where more than one Fire and
Rescue Service is in attendance
3.11 to promote interoperability at incidents with Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Service
3.12 multi agency working to resolve aircraft incidents.
3.13 This guidance covers the time period from the receipt of the first emergency call
to the closure of the incident by the Fire and Rescue Service Incident
Commander.
3.14 In addition to detailed tactical and technical information it also outlines the key
operational and strategic responsibilities and considerations that need to be taken
into account to enable the Fire and Rescue Service to train, test intervention
strategies and plan to ensure effective response at an aircraft incident.
Structure
3.15 The operational guidance is based on nationally accepted good practice. It is
written as an enabling guide based around risk critical operational principles
rather than a strict set of rules and procedures. This is done to recognise local
differences across the English regions and elsewhere in the UK in terms of risk
profiles and levels of resources.
3.16 Section 8 contains the bulk of the guidance and is divided into three parts:
Part A – Preplanning considerations
Part B – Operational considerations – Generic standard operating procedure
Part C – Technical considerations
Part A: Preplanning
Contains information that supports Fire and Rescue Service personnel in a
number of roles when undertaking preparatory work for dealing with aircraft
incidents that may occur in their service area.
This section covers planning considerations at both the strategic level when
planning for service wide response options and for those associated with local
site specific risks.
10 Fire and Rescue Service Operational Guidance – Aircraft Incidents