Findings from the first detailed fauna survey of Quanda Nature Reserve, New South Wales

2012·0.64 MB·English

by  J. G. Garden

Findings from the first detailed fauna survey
of Quanda Nature Reserve, New South Wales
J. G. Garden
Current address: The Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD 4111
Address at time of survey: DECCW (now OEH), 48-52 Wingewarra St, Dubbo, NSW 2830
E-mail: [email protected]
Quanda Nature Reserve was originally established in 1963 to conserve the remnant old growth
mallee vegetation and its suspected Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata, population. This study reports on
the first detailed fauna survey of the reserve since its establishment. Eleven survey techniques
were used in order to identify as many vertebrate species as possible; with all techniques, except
T call playback, detecting at least one species. Nine of the techniques detected species not detected
by any other technique (i.e. “unique species”). The effectiveness of each technique for detecting
C
species varied depending on the fauna group. A total of 110 native vertebrate species and 10 exotic
A vertebrates were identified, of which 39 native and seven exotic species had not previously been
recorded within the reserve. Seven of the native species are listed as threatened, and five of the
R
exotic species are listed as key threatening processes, under NSW State legislation. No evidence
T of recent L. ocellata activity was observed. This survey substantially increased the knowledge of
the fauna diversity within the reserve, particularly within the old-growth mallee habitat. Having
S
a comprehensive understanding of species diversity and habitat associations within the reserve
B
will be critical in underpinning conservation management plans and actions for the reserve which
A effectively achieve biodiversity conservation goals.
Key words: Biodiversity, Survey technique, Arid zone, Trap effectiveness, Trap success, Malleefowl.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/AZ.2012.020
Introduction
The New South Wales (NSW) protected areas network an area of remnant, old growth mallee vegetation and
covers a total land area of more than 6.9 million its suspected Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata, population. An
hectares (approximately 8.66 % of the total State adjacent lot was added to the original gazettal in 1966,
land area) and is comprised of 845 protected areas bringing the total area of the reserve to approximately
of varying governance (Department of Sustainability, 854 ha. In 2003, the National Reserve System program
Environment, Water, Population and Communities funded the additional purchase and gazettal of the
2011). These protected areas are categorized into 10 adjacent “Millyvale” property, which extended the
main “types” according to their biodiversity and/or reserve to its current area of 4,784ha (Office of
natural asset value, the level of legislative protection Environment and Heritage 2011). The reserve falls
afforded to them, and the degree of human use under the jurisdiction of the NSW National Parks and
permitted. Of these 10 types, areas classified as “nature Wildlife Service (NPWS) (Cobar Area, Western Rivers
reserve” are among the most highly protected from Region) and as such, is managed in accordance with the
human disturbances, with access being limited and National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (New South Wales
carefully managed. Nature reserves are defined as areas Government 2011a).
that are “…in a predominantly untouched, natural
Although established specifically to protect L. ocellata
condition which have high conservation value…”
habitat, there has been no specific survey aimed at
and are characterized by “…outstanding, unique or
determining the presence or absence of the species
representative ecosystems, native plant and animal
within the reserve, despite its long history as a nature
species or natural phenomena” (Office of Environment
reserve. Without baseline data, no species-specific or
and Heritage 2011). Accordingly, management
targeted habitat management has been implemented.
priorities for nature reserves centre on the protection
Existing management of the reserve has been limited
and conservation of the natural value/s, and scientific
to standard actions (e.g. aerial baiting for pest species)
research aimed at understanding and better managing
with the lack of information regarding fauna species’
these values is often an important objective (Office of
occurrences within the reserve preventing more specific
Environment and Heritage 2011).
and targeted actions. This lack of information has largely
The original Quanda Nature Reserve (hereafter referred been due to limited resources and funding available
to as Quanda NR or “the reserve”) was formally to conduct detailed fauna surveys and monitoring
gazetted as a nature reserve in 1963 in a bid to conserve programs. Only one previous survey specifically
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2012 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 175
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targeting Quanda NR has been conducted, with this scattered trees, and has been effectively isolated since
survey focusing on the reserve’s flora, not its fauna broad-scale clearing in 2000 which removed vegetation
(e.g. Porteners 1998, 2003). Any fauna records for the corridors that previously linked it to vegetation in
reserve or the surrounding area, are generally derived the north (Metcalfe et al. 2003). Within the broader
from larger, more regional scale surveys, which included landscape context, Quanda NR is one of a small number
Quanda NR as a small component (rather than the sole of protected areas, all of which are highly isolated by
focus) of the much broader study area (e.g. Masters the agricultural matrix. The closest substantially
and Foster 2000; NSW National Parks and Wildlife vegetated, non-agricultural, areas to Quanda NR are
Service 2001). Such broader scale studies often rely on State Forests located approximately 20-25 km to the
rapid survey assessment techniques and/or incidental north and south (Figure 1); the closest formal protected
observations and most of the existing fauna records area is Tollingo Nature Reserve, located approximately
from such surveys are more than a decade old; only 100 km to the south.
four records are from within the last decade, and only
Quanda NR is bounded to the north and south by
two from within the last five years. As a result, there
unsealed public access roads and to the south, east and
is limited existing information regarding the reserve’s
west by privately owned grazing/cropping paddocks
fauna community, which clearly has implications for
(Figure 2). Within the adjacent western paddocks, a
the reserve’s conservation management. A targeted,
stand of mallee vegetation (mostly regrowth) grows
detailed fauna survey was considered an essential step
adjacent to the reserve. Potential water sources within
for underpinning the reserve’s Plan of Management
the reserve are limited to a small stretch (~ 250 m)
(PoM), which was in the preliminary draft stages at the
of Yarran Creek which passes through the reserve’s
time of this survey.
south-western corner, and several minor natural and
The primary objective of this project was to provide a man-made drainage lines and dams (tanks) (Figure
baseline species occurrence list which would underpin 2). In addition, the natural gilgai formations in the
the development of the reserve’s PoM and its short- eastern Millyvale extension may serve as ephemeral
and long-term conservation management actions and water sources following heavy rains. At the time of the
priorities. The baseline species list was to be derived detailed fauna survey, the only apparent standing water
from a detailed vertebrate fauna survey of Quanda was in three of the dams: D2, D4, and D6 (Figure 2).
NR, with a focus on the mapped old growth mallee
vegetation, as requested by the managing NPWS Area. Land-use and disturbance history
The results of the detailed fauna survey are presented
Historical European land-uses of Quanda NR were
here, in addition to comments on the effectiveness of
primarily agricultural, including grazing and cropping
different trapping and survey techniques employed.
in the south and south-east portions of the reserve.
Supplementary information relating to this survey is
At the time of the survey, formal fire trails ran along
available in Garden et al. (2009).
much of the reserve’s boundaries and also bisected
the reserve in a northeast-southwest direction at two
Methods
locations, with the northern of these being a wide
(~8 m) primary access track, and the southern one
Background Review
being a narrow (~3 m) secondary track which was
Information regarding known and likely species largely overgrown (Figure 2). Four minor access tracks
occurrences within the reserve and it’s surrounding also meandered through the reserve, providing access
locale (within 10km) was collated from a review of to seven man-made dams, vestiges of the reserve’s
previous works (survey/investigations) and species farming history (Figure 2). Although not open to the
records, including: discussions with relevant personnel; general public, several informal and illegal vehicle
reviews of the published and grey literature; a review trails, as well as temporary livestock holding pens,
of relevant legislation, including the NSW Threatened identified the use of the reserve by kangaroo poachers
Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) and the federal and goat/pig hunters.
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
In addition to illegal hunting practices, known
Act 1999 (EPBC Act); and reviews of relevant online
disturbances to the reserve include invasions by exotic
databases, including those associated with relevant
legislations (e.g. the Protected Matters database), and pests (e.g. pigs, goats, foxes), and a single wild fire
the NSW Wildlife Atlas (Department of Environment, event in March, 2003. The wild fire was primarily
Climate Change and Water (now Office of Environment contained to mallee vegetation adjacent to the reserve’s
and Heritage) 2008). western boundary, though it spread into approximately
nine hectares of remnant mallee vegetation within the
Study area
reserve, midway along the western boundary (National
Quanda NR (31°46’ S, 146°42’E) comprises 4,784 Parks and Wildlife Service 2012). With the exception
ha of land within the Bogan Shire Council of central of this single recorded event, at the time of this survey,
NSW. Located approximately 90 km south-east of the majority of the mallee habitat within Quanda NR
Cobar (Figure 1), the reserve exists within a matrix of was considered to have been unburnt for over 50 years
privately owned agricultural paddocks containing some (National Parks and Wildlife Service 2012).
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117766 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 2012
Quanda Nature Reserve
Figure 1. Contextual location of Quanda Nature Reserve within New South Wales. Inset map shows Quanda Nature
Reserve location with the State. Main map shows Quanda Nature Reserve ( ) relative to the main town (Cobar),
roads and highways, and State Forests within the vicinity ( ).
Figure 2. Vegetation communities, internal infrastructure, waterways, dams, spotlighting routes, trapping sites, and non-
trapping sites, within Quanda Nature Reserve. Survey techniques used at each dam/site/route are shown in Table 1.
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2012 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 177
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Vegetation/habitat mapping and trapping site Fauna survey
selection
Duration and conditions
The existing vegetation mapping for the reserve (Porteners
The detailed fauna survey was conducted over
2003) (Figure 2) was used to guide the selection of
four consecutive nights in October 2008. Within
survey sites. Five “trapping” sites were selected within
the month prior to the detailed fauna survey, two
the old growth mallee habitat (i.e. “Mallee and Red
reconnaissance visits to the reserve were undertaken
Box”) based on the existing mapping, in conjunction
to ground-truth and establish survey sites, and two
with desktop GIS (ArcMap, version 9.2), aerial photo
preparation days were additionally spent on the reserve
interpretation, and subsequent ground-truthing, (Figure
immediately prior to the start of the detailed fauna
2). Trapping sites were located a minimum of 1 km apart
survey period. Weather conditions during the detailed
in an effort to maintain spatial independence. Ground-
fauna survey period were fine and hot, with daily
truthing of trapping site suitability (e.g. correct habitat
temperatures ranging from 18-37 ºC, and average
type) and feasibility (e.g. access) occurred during two
daily wind speeds of approximately 35-54 km/hr
reconnaissance trips to the reserve. These five trapping
(Bureau of Meteorology 2009). No rainfall was recorded
sites formed the basis for the standardised survey design
during the detailed survey period, though approximately
(Figure 3). Non-trapping survey techniques were used
12 mm was recorded 32 days prior (Bureau of
predominantly along reserve tracks, and at an additional
Meteorology 2009).
10 “non-trapping” sites located in various vegetation
communities (Figure 2). The use of survey techniques at
these additional tracks and sites were not standardised.
Figure 3. Design of standardised, “trapping” sites showing trap arrangement along three parallel transects: Pit-fall traps
( ) with drift fence (- - -), Elliot traps ( ), Cage traps ( ), Hair funnels ( ), and Sand plots ( ). Solid line represents

site boundary.
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178 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 2012
Quanda Nature Reserve
Survey techniques an animal (Sutherland 1996; Cunningham et al. 2005).
Pit-fall traps were positioned at 10 m intervals along the
Eleven trapping and non-trapping survey techniques were
centre transect with a continuous drift fence running
used in various combinations at the different survey sites
between them (Figure 3). In addition, each trapping site
and along survey tracks (Table 1). Trapping techniques
was also surveyed for birds on three consecutive mornings
used were: cage traps (~720 x 420 x 370 mm), Elliott
and afternoons using the bird census technique and the
traps (size A, 300 x 100 x 80 mm), and dry pit-fall traps
2 ha search area being centered on each site’s central
(with 30 cm high drift fences). Non-trapping techniques
pit-fall trap.
were: hair funnels (FaunaTech design), timed bird census
(2 ha, 20 mins), AnaBatTM recording, call playback, Cage traps, Elliott traps and hair funnels were baited with
spotlighting, track/trace identification (e.g. scats, burrows, the standard Australian small mammal bait mixture of
scratches, feeding signs), and active searching. Incidental peanut butter, rolled oats, and honey (Menkhorst and
species observations were recorded during all time spent Knight 2001), with vanilla essence also added. A piece of
within the reserve. apple was also used as bait in the cage and Elliott traps,
and cage traps were additionally baited with a chicken
Trapping site techniques and design neck. Pit-fall traps and sand plots were left unbaited.
The five trapping sites (A-E, Figure 2) were surveyed Cage and Elliott traps were set each afternoon before
using eight techniques (Table 1). The techniques used at sunset and checked for captures within three hours of
trapping sites were employed in a standardised manner. sunrise the following morning. Elliott traps were closed
Incidental and active search records were also collected during the day, whereas cage traps remained open, unless
opportunistically. Each trapping site was comprised of temperatures rose above 35 °C, at which point they were
five parallel transects (100 m long; 25 m apart), along also closed.
which a total of 24 Elliott traps, four cage traps, four hair Dry pit-fall traps were established at least one week before
funnels, 10 pitfall traps (with 30 cm high drift fence), the survey period to minimise localised digging-in effects.
and six sand plots (1 m2) were established (Figure 3). Pit-fall traps were checked each morning and afternoon
Without deviating more than 1 m from transects, cage and remained open for the entire survey period. Sand-
traps, paired Elliott traps, and hair funnels were positioned plots were checked for identifiable tracks each morning
so as to maximise the possibility of being encountered by and afternoon before being swept clean. Hair funnels
Site Survey technique
reference CT ET PF HF T/T An. BC CP Sp. AS IO
A ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü
B ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü
Trapping
C ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü
sites
D ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü
E ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü
1 ü ü ü
2 ü ü ü
3 ü ü ü ü ü
4 ü ü ü
5 ü ü ü
6 ü ü ü
Non-
trapping 7 ü ü ü
sites 8 ü ü ü ü
9 ü ü ü ü
10 ü ü ü
Spotlighting
ü ü ü ü
routes
Dams
ü ü ü ü
(1-4 & 6)
480 200 6hrs 3hrs
Total survey effort 80 TN 80 TN Opp. 17hrs 16hrs Opp. Opp.
TN TN 40min 45min
Table 1. Survey techniques employed at trapping and non-trapping sites/routes (CT = cage trap, ET = Elliott trap, PF
= pit-fall trap, HF = hair funnel; T/T = track or trace, An. = AnaBatTM, BC = timed bird census, CP = call playback, Sp. =
spotlighting (foot and car combined), AS = active search, IO = incidental observation). The total survey effort for each
technique is also shown (TN = trap nights, hrs = hours, min = minutes, Opp. = opportunistic), and site references refer
to those shown in Figure 2.
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2012 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 179
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were set at the start of the survey period week and left Results
undisturbed for a total of two weeks. Hair samples were
A total of 120 vertebrate species were identified during the
identified by an independent expert (Barbara Triggs).
combined pre-survey trips and the detailed fauna survey
period (Table 2). The majority of these were native species
Non-trapping survey sites and tracks
(n = 110) representing each of the four main terrestrial
Seven non-trapping techniques were used at the 10 non-
vertebrate groups: 71 birds, 19 reptiles, 13 mammals, and
trapping sites, at dams, and/or along the survey tracks,
seven amphibians. The remaining 10 species detected
though not all techniques were standardized by time or
were all exotic mammals (Table 2).
location (Figure 2, Table 1). Active searches, track/trace
identification, and incidental observations (including Native species
call recognition) occurred opportunistically throughout
The number of native species identified during this single
the survey period. Timed bird censuses occurred as
survey is similar to the combined number of all prior species
soon as possible after sunrise; birds identified during the
records for the reserve area (n = 108), yet the species
census period but outside of the 2 ha search area were
composition varies considerably. Thirty-nine native species
listed as incidental records. The AnaBatTM bioacoustics
were detected that had not been previously recorded for
bat monitoring system was used to record micro-bat
the reserve area, and 35 species were not detected during
echolocation calls at three locations; at Site 6 (Figure 2)
this survey, despite being listed in prior records for the
recordings were taken over two partial nights, whereas
area. This single survey therefore detected higher species
a full night (approximately 8 hrs) of recording occurred
richness than the combined historical recorded species
at Sites 7 and 8. All recordings were analysed by an
richness, and brought the total number of native species
independent expert (Greg Ford).
recorded for the reserve area to 146 (Table 2). Compared
Call playback was used to survey for nocturnal mammals to prior species records, amphibians were the group with
and birds that may have occurred within the area the highest proportional increase, with five new species
(based on existing available database records): Sugar being detected giving an increase in amphibian records of
Glider (Petaurus breviceps), Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), approximately 166%; amphibians were also the only group
Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides), Spotted Nightjar for which all species that had previously been recorded
(Eurostopodus argus), Australian Owlet-nightjar for the area were also detected during this survey (Table
(Aegotheles cristatus), Bush Stone-curlew (Burhinus 2). The nine new reptile species detected increased the
grallarius), Barking Owl (Ninox connivens), Masked Owl recorded reptiles for the area by almost 82%, and only one
(Tyto navaehollandiae), Eastern Barn Owl (Tyto javanica), reptile species (Peron’s Snake-eyed Skink, Cryptoblepharus
and Southern Boobook Owl (Ninox novaeseelandia). Pre- plagiocephalus) was not detected during this survey, despite
recorded calls of each species was broadcast for a total of being recorded occurring within the reserve area 10
five minutes per species (30 second alternate intervals years prior (Table 2). Five new mammal species (mostly
of broadcasting and listening), or until the species was micro-bats) were detected, an increase of almost 24%
detected, whichever occurred first. Each call playback from existing records; eight species were not detected
session began and ended with a two minute listening and (mostly small ground-dwelling mammals and micro-bats),
despite being recorded within the area during the past 32
spotlighting period.
years (Table 2). For birds, 20 new native bird species were
Spotlighting was conducted along the internal formal
detected (an increase in existing records of approximately
vehicle access tracks (Figure 2). A total of 60 km
25%), though 27 species listed in the existing records were
(including return trips) was surveyed using this technique,
not, including two threatened species (Table 2).
with surveys comprising four separate spotlighting routes,
surveyed for up to four hours each, and each on a separate Significant native species
night (Table 1). Two of the routes (D2-D1, and D2-D6)
Seven of the species detected (three birds and four mammals)
were conducted entirely from a vehicle travelling at
are listed as threatened under the NSW Threatened Species
approximately 10 kph, one route (D2-D3) was conducted
Act 1995 (TSC Act) (Table 2). Three of the four mammal
entirely by foot (total 1.3 km), and one route involved
species were micro-bats and were new records for the reserve
spotlighting 18.7 km by vehicle (D2-Site 3) followed by 5
(Yellow-bellied Sheath-tail Bat, Saccolaimus flaviventris;
km by foot (along the western boundary) (Figure 2).
Bristle-nosed Free-tail Bat, Mormopterus eleryi; and Little
Analyses Pied Bat, Chalinolobus picatus). It should be noted that the
M. eleryi records were not “definite” species identifications,
The relative success of each survey technique was but were considered “probable” species identifications. Two
investigated by comparing the total number of species threatened bird species (Speckled Warbler, Pyrrholaemus
detected, as well as the total number of “unique” species saggitatus, and Superb Parrot, Polytelis swainsonii) that had
(i.e. those species not detected by any other technique) previously been recorded within the area were not detected
detected, by each technique. The usefulness of applying during this survey (Table 2). No L. ocellata individuals or
multiple techniques, over multiple days, and at multiple signs of recent activity were detected during the current
sites was examined using reptile species’ detections at survey; though a single very old, degraded and abandoned
standardised survey sites as an example. Reptiles were mound was detected. This species is also absent from the
selected for this analysis example as they provided the historic species records for the reserve area, though the
highest amount of capture data within the standardised presence of the old mound indicates that they did once
survey sites. occur within the reserve.
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180 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 2012
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Table 2. TSC Act StatusCombined species list for the reserve based on species detected during this current survey as well as prior species records (existing prior to this survey). shows the legal conservation status of each species according to the NSW TSC Act: P = protected (i.e. non-threatened native species); V = vulnerable native species; E1 = endangered Record Priornative species; X = exotic species; KTP = exotic species identified as a key threatening process. Threatened species are shown in bold. indicates species records for the reserve area prior to this survey, according to the NSW Wildlife Atlas database; the year indicates the most recent record of the species, and a dash (-) indicates the species was üRecord Current not recorded prior to this current survey. indicates species identified during the current survey () and those species not detected during the current survey (-). Survey Technique ·indicates the technique for which each species identified during this survey was detected (): CT = cage trap, ET = Elliott trap, PF = pit-fall trap, HF = hair funnel; TMT/T = track or trace, An. = AnaBat, BC = timed bird census, CP = call playback, Sp. = spotlighting (foot and car combined), AS = active search, IO = incidental observation. A hash (#) next to a micro-bat species’ name indicates that identification to the species level was, at best, “probable” (not “definite”). RecordSurvey techniqueTsc act FamilyScientific nameCommon namestatusPriorCurrentCTETPFHFT/TAn.BCCPSp.ASIO AMPHIBIANSHylidaeLitoria caeruleaGreen tree frogP-· üHylidaeLitoria peroniiPeron’s tree frogP-·üHylidaeLitoria rubellaDesert tree frogP-·üMyobatrachidaeLimnodynastes fletcheriLong-thumbed frogP-·üMyobatrachidaeLimnodynastes interiorisGiant banjo frogP2000·üMyobatrachidaeLimnodynastes tasmaniensisSpotted grass frogP2000·üMyobatrachidaeUperoleia rugosaWrinkled toadletP-·üBIRDSAcanthizidaeAcanthiza apicalisInland thornbillP1998·üAcanthizidaeAcanthiza chrysorrhoaYellow-rumped thornbillP1998-AcanthizidaeAcanthiza nanaYellow thornbillP1998··üAcanthizidaeAcanthiza reguloidesBuff-rumped thornbillP1998-AcanthizidaeAcanthiza uropygialisChestnut-rumped thornbillP1998·üAcanthizidaeAphelocephala leucopsisSouthern whitefaceP1998-AcanthizidaeGerygone fuscaWestern gerygoneP1998··üAcanthizidaePyrrholaemus saggitatusSpeckled warbler1977-AcanthizidaeSmicrornis brevirostrisWeebillP-·üAccipitridaeAccipiter cirrocephalusCollared sparrowhawkP-·üAccipitridaeAccipiter fasciatusBrown goshawkP1977-AccipitridaeAquila audaxWedge-tailed eagleP1978-AccipitridaeElanus axillarisBlack-shouldered kiteP1977-AccipitridaeHieraaetus morphnoidesLittle eagleP1977-AegothelidaeAegotheles cristatusAustralian owlet-nightjarP1998··üAlcenidiaeDacelo novaeguineaeLaughing kookaburraP1998··üAlcedinidaeTodiramphus pyrrhopygiaRed-backed kingfisherP1977-ApodidaeHirundapus caudacutusWhite-throated needletailP1978-ArtamidaeArtamus personatusMasked woodswallowP-·ü
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Common name White-browed woodswallPied butcherbirdGrey butcherbirdAustralian magpieGalahMajor Mitchell’s cockatooCockatielBlack-faced cuckoo-shrikeWhite-winged trillerSpotted nightjarEmuMasked lapwingBanded lapwingDiamond doveBar-shouldered dovePeaceful doveCrested pigeonCommon bronzewingWhite-winged choughDollarbirdApostlebirdAustralian ravenLittle ravenHorsfield’s bronze cuckooBlack-eared cuckooPallid cuckooMistletoebirdMagpie-larkRestless flycatcherGrey fantailWillie wagtailDouble-barred FinchBrown falconNankeen kestrelWelcome swallow
Scientific name Artamus superciliosusCracticus nigrogularisCracticus torquatusGymnorhina tibicenEolophus roseicapillusLophochroa leadbeateriNymphicus hollandicusCoracina navaehollandiaeLalage sueuriiEurostopodus argusDromaius navaehollandiaeVanellus milesVanellus tricolorGeopelia cuneataGeopelia humeralisGeopelia striataOcyphaps lophotesPhaps chalcopteraCorcorax melanorhamphosEurystomus orientalisStruthidea cinereaCorvus coronoidesCorvus melloriChalcites basalisChalcites osculansCuculus pallidusDicaeum hirundinaceumGrallina cyanoleucaMyiagra inquietaRhipidura fuliginosaRhipidura leucophrysTaeniopygia bichenoviiFalco berigoraFalco cenchroidesHirundo neoxena
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182 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 2012
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Common name Fairy MartinTree martinVariegated fairy-wrenSplendid fairy-wrenSpiny-cheeked honeyeaterBlack HoneyeaterBlue-faced honeyeaterCrimson chatYellow-plumed honeyeaterWhite-plumed honeyeaterGrey-fronted honeyeaterYellow-throated minerNoisy minerBrown-headed honeyeaterLittle FriarbirdNoisy friarbirdWhite-fronted honeyeaterStriped honeyeaterRainbow bee-eaterVaried sittellaGrey shrike -thrushCrested bellbirdGilbert’s whistlerGolden whistlerRufous whistlerSpotted pardaloteStriated pardaloteEastern yellow robinJacky winterRed-capped robinUnidentified QuailAustralasian grebeTawny frogmouthWhite-browed babbler
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Scientific name Petrochelidon arielPetrochelidon nigricansMalurus lambertiMalurus splendensAcanthagenys rufogularisCerthionyx nigerEntomyzon cyanotisEpthianura tricolorLichenostomus ornatusLichenostomus penicillatusLichenostomus plumulusManorina flavigulaManorina melanocephalaMelithreptus brevirostrisPhilemon citreogularisPhilemon corniculatusPhylidonyris albifronsPlectorhyncha lanceolataMerops ornatusDaphoenositta chrysopteraColluricincla harmonicaOreoica gutturalisPachycephala inornataPachycephala pectoralisPachycephala rufiventrisPardalotus punctatusPardalotus striatusEopsaltria australisMicroeca fascinansPetroica goodenoviiCoturnix sp.Tachybaptus novaehollandiaPodargus strigoidesPomatostomus superciliosus
Family HirundinidaeHirundinidaeMaluridaeMaluridaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeliphagidaeMeropidaeNeosittidaePachycephalidaePachycephalidaePachycephalidaePachycephalidaePachycephalidaePardalotidaePardalotidaePetroicidaePetroicidaePetroicidaePhasianidaePodicipedidaePodargidaePomatostomidae
Australian
2012 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 183
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Common name Grey-crowned babbler (ea Australian ‘mallee’ ringnecBudgerigarBlue bonnetEastern rosellaSuperb parrotRed-rumped parrotMulga parrotSpotted bowerbirdRufous songlark Common starling European cattle Goat Sheep (feral) Dog Red fox Unidentified DeerKultarrYellow-bellied sheath-tail Cat Brown hare European rabbit Yellow-footed antechinusNarrow-nosed planigaleFat-tailed dunnartCommon dunnartWestern grey kangarooEastern grey kangarooSwamp wallabyWhite-striped freetail batMastiff-batLittle red flying-fox
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Scientific name Pomatostomus temporalis temporalisBarnardius zonarius barnarMelopsittacus undulatusNorthiella haematogasterPlatycercus adscitus eximiuPolytelis swainsoniiPsephotus haematonotusPsephotus variusPtilonorhynchus maculatusCincloramphus mathewsi Sturnus vulgaris Bos taurus Capra hircus Ovis aries Canus familiaris Vulpes vulpes Cervus sp.Antechinomys lanigerSaccolaimus flaviventris Felis catus Lepus capensis Oryctolagus cuniculus Antechinus flavipesPlanigale tenuirostrisSminthopsis crassicaudataSminthopsis murinaMacropus fuliginosusMacropus giganteusWallabia bicolorAustronomis australisMormopterus sp.Pteropus scapulatus
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Family Pomatostomid PsittacidaePsittacidaePsittacidaePsittacidaePsittacidaePsittacidaePsittacidaePtilonorhychidSylviidae Sturnidae MAMMALS Bovidae Bovidae Bovidae Canidae Canidae CervidaeDasyuridaeEmballonurida Felidae Leporidae Leporidae DasyuridaeDasyuridaeDasyuridaeDasyuridaeMacropodidaeMacropodidaeMacropodidaeMolossidaeMolossidaePteropodidae
Australian
184 Zoologist volume 36 (2) 2012