Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings PDF
Preview Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings
g 01 acs.or8.fw0 Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings bs.64 u0 p://p996- 1, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 11 October 96 | doi: 2 on 5, 19 41 3.35.ober ed by 89.16n Date: Oct do oaati wnlblic ou DP In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. g 01 acs.or8.fw0 bs.64 u0 p://p996- 1, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 11 October 96 | doi: 2 on 5, 19 41 3.35.ober ed by 89.16n Date: Oct do oaati wnlblic ou DP In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 648 Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings g 01 acs.or8.fw0 bs.64 Theodore Provder, u0 EDITOR p://p996- ICI Paints 1, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 Mitchell A. Winnik, EDITOR 11 October 96 | doi: University of Toronto 2 on 5, 19 Marek W. Urban, EDITOR 41 3.35.ober North Dakota State University ed by 89.16n Date: Oct do wnloablicati Developed from a symposium sponsored DoPu by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Inc. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Film formation in waterborne coatings / Theodore Provider, editor Mitchell A. Winnik, editor, Marek W. Urban, editor. p. cm.—(ACS symposium series, ISSN 0097-6156; 648) "Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Inc. at the 210th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, August 20-24, 1995." bs.acs.org 648.fw001 IInSBcluNd 0es-8 b4ib1l2io-g3r4a5p7h-ic4a l references and indexes. u0 p://p996- 1. Emulsion paint—Congresses. 1, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 DCEIInIhiIv.ge .im isUniPoiercrenbaora vlio nndSfg,e o rP.Mc ,oi eVTalytryhIme..ek eoS,rM deWireceir .eMe,,s t11.ia n99tg35er93 (i2--a 1ls0:..t hSc:Ii IeVI1n.9. c 9WAe5 ma:in nenCdriik hcEa,i cnnMag gCiinotche,h eeImrelillnl.i) cgA:a .l S. SVcioe.c nAicemtey ae. nridca n 11 October 96 | doi: T66P79'.394—.Fd46c250 1996 96-3161C4I P 2 on 5, 19 41 ed by 89.163.35.n Date: October TChoipsy briogohkt ©is p19r9in6t ed on acid-free, recycled paper. do American Chemical Society oaati wnlblic All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each DoPu chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. Advisory Board ACS Symposium Series Robert J. Alaimo Cynthia A. Maryanoff Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute Mark Arnold University of Iowa Roger A. Minear g 01 University of Illinois acs.or8.fw0 DUnaivviedr siBtya okfe Tr ennessee at Urbana-Champaign bs.64 Omkaram Nalamasu u0 1, 2012 | http://p0.1021/bk-1996- APNRfaroizvibenareld rRCatm eeFsn et.ar BraBcol rhsRae deL syae,ba roJcrrha. t ory AVUTnini&vceTer snBitte ylP lo Lef caMoboircraharitogoa rnie s October 196 | doi: 1 MChaermy EEd.i t CCaomstpeallnioyn GNoerothrg Cea Wrol.i nRa oSbtaetret sU niversity 2 on 5, 19 Margaret A. Cavanaugh JUonhivne rRsit. yS ohfa Iplllienyoi s 41 3.35.ober National Science Foundation at Urbana-Champaign ed by 89.16n Date: Oct AUnritvheurrs itBy .o fE Wlliiss consin at Madison DCoonucgurlaresn At .T Secmhnitohlo gies Corporation do Gunda I. Georg L. Somasundaram wnloablicati University of Kansas DuPont ou DP Madeleine M. Joullie Michael D. Taylor University of Pennsylvania Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Lawrence P. Klemann William C. Walker Nabisco Foods Group DuPont Douglas R. Lloyd Peter Willett The University of Texas at Austin University of Sheffield (England) In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. Foreword IHE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of this series is to publish comprehensive books developed from symposia, which are usually "snapshots in time" of the current research being done on a topic, plus g 01 some review material on the topic. For this reason, it is neces acs.or8.fw0 sary that the papers be published as quickly as possible. bs.64 Before a symposium-based book is put under contract, the u0 1, 2012 | http://p0.1021/bk-1996- trppphoaarueopp npeetrdroos s po eiisudac rt p teatea hneberedlx-e rcsf elcoouvordfipe ewccedoo emo ndaftp ettrpn herttehhis oei vrnsios sl itupvromoee nivfneieien.ts w,sa I elan dona facd fcdo tedhorpite tthaa ioepncrnopcs,ler laoe ac podrtrrireio aa nrftaeet.d j noedecfSes tosediom a ntctoeh.o 11 2 on October 5, 1996 | doi: TTmerhhe^eins )d aaaoutnfit oohtnnhoysrem s sooythfum esbpn oor estrihveuiv emitwshe, e wp thhrroeoeicv rebi esepwsc aoepimrses re ss ua tpnhaecderc voetirdhsdeietido n rgeb(d syt)ito ot orhtfshe ,t eho perrr egebcapoonaomirzke . 41 ded by 89.163.35.on Date: October wvctiaioehmnwose rcApoahsaf-e r pcpeaekar rde rstvuhy iala oecrut,oe sap ollyiynnl ,lpcn yalueu ncbodedlrseiiss dgsahuir enibyndam lrpt iheratve epist esheviraoeosrn l cfuasihrm nhe aeap lnsva .opep ta e bVpraeesecer rcnsabe n pamtttdoieam dodt.h re rie.eg pienrdaoidlt ourrecs , oaati wnlblic ou ACS BOOKS DEPARTMENT DP In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. Preface NEW COATINGS TECHNOLOGIES such as high solids, powder, water- borne, and radiation-curable coatings have been developed during the past 15 years to meet the challenges of (a) governmental regulations in the area of ecology (emission of volatile organic compounds), (b) long- term increasing costs of energy and petroleum-based solvents, (c) more- org 001 active public consumerism, and (d) the continual need for cost-effective, s.pr high-performance coatings in a highly competitive and global business 1, 2012 | http://pubs.ac0.1021/bk-1996-0648. npmdeanueoseev lcrydtiesrmh ,o efhenoo irmgrlmsih g ei-aoomnmjmrotp .ore trlh reoTsscevo,uh e lulvedaaessnr neme-d w teon etrefwhie gwoasihtdtc hrttcsai o vtawoaeengtfa id intacme gdacrldasr-ls toyiotetsi relvsudic-eabelhsilsnls nieg kto chnelhoaoedadtrg ,r pi, ea hwolcsoiltgh ywerhemre-n-iqmmez urafoostiurli.leoer ecctn Thuut helhliaanreirrs -- drwuwheisaveaeeiesicg gr thohesledefttd ,wp a ltaproaoetrlteay eoaxrs 11 October 96 | doi: casuusscreehs- spmarose cnemts soa lneccdhu alcarhraa-cwrtaeecrigtizehartitz ioadntii,so tnmri,b orurhpteihoolonol goagyni caoalfyl s cicsoh,a atpirnaagcrstt,ei fcrililezm-asti-izfoeon r,dm iasantrtdiibo sunpt aeioncn d 2 on 5, 19 troscopic analysis, as well as a need for improved methods for modeling 41 by 89.163.35.Date: October pqanuhdey nsTpitchr aeee fld niliadmcnt-ui-dnfs ogecr hmmpearmatoetipcrioeiaarnllt s pipe rpsro.orc opepeTsrseht riuitesises , sk oecaofyn m wdtom ap tteerhrrocebci oaedrsllesnyvee se sl.ou sypcsmcteesemsnfuts l o,a fn cdtoh steth- euef lftceimoctnaivsteee ded on waterborne coating products require practical application of the oaati knowledge that underpins our understanding of the film-formation pro wnlblic cess. In recent years significant advances have been made in our ou DP knowledge and understanding of the film-formation process. This book covers significant advances recently made in our under standing of the film-formation process. These advances have been brought about by collateral advances in instrumentation technology and its application to studying the stages involved in the film-formation pro cess. Data obtained from the instrumental methods have allowed the confirmation of some aspects of the mechanism of film formation and have furthered the understanding of the subtleties and complexities of commercially relevant waterborne coatings. The first section of this book focuses on the mechanism of film formation and the uses of advanced instrumental methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, small-angle neu tron scattering, and dielectric spectroscopy to study the film-formation process. The second section of the book focuses on measuring film xi In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. mechanical properties and relating them to the film-formation process. The third section focuses on relevant morphology and film structure, which is a consequence of the physics and chemistry of the film-formation process. The fourth section focuses on the application of novel chemistry and processes to develop unique film structures for a variety of coating systems. We hope this book will encourage and foster additional investi gations to further our understanding of the commercially relevant and scientifically challenging issue of film formation in waterborne coatings. Acknowledgments We are grateful to the authors for their effective oral and written com org 001 munications and to the reviewers for their critiques and constructive com s.pr ments. We also gratefully acknowledge the American Chemical Society ac8. 1, 2012 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-1996-064 wDfTnioHanivisaEsi ,snOp iAocrDineuaOs gelRo unsfEstu et pPP d2pRo 0oalOy-rt2mV t5t Dheo,rE efi1 Rc92t h 91M5e0. ta hstye mNriapatloisso:inu aSmlc iMeonnece ewt inhagnic doh f E tthhniges i nAbeoCeorSki n ignis, CIbnhacis.ce,ad gf,o owr, Ihiltilcis h 11 2 on October 5, 1996 | doi: SIS1C6ttrr6Ioo5 Pnn1agg issSnvvptiilrlslla eeg, RuOeeH sRe ao4ra4cd1h 3 C6-e1n7t3er9 41 by 89.163.35.Date: October MDUenITpivCaerHrtsmEitLeyLn o tA fo . TfW oCIrNhoeNnmtIoKis t ry ded on Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 oaati Canada wnlblic ou DP MAREK W. URBAN Department of Polymers and Coatings North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105 July 22, 1996 xii In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. Chapter 1 Film Formation of Acrylic Copolymer Latices: A Model of Stage II Film Formation S. T. Eckersley1,3 and A. Rudin2 1Department of Chemical Engineering and 2Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada acs.org 8.ch001 A model of latex film formation is proposed, where capillary and 11, 2012 | http://pubs.10.1021/bk-1996-064 rippmtneaorntdielecysdirruimofiocasnset cce,rioo ad ppvfl yoifbstlo.cyh yromec ee telhMsacr eso aot nsciducmttear pilfcona rtdc opetepaarl nre etardgaetmeinnioemsdensito e (ntriGboss, e *ptpd wiraoneontelcymeedlrmunom ηdte *eeirnt)/ h w elaaecdatna et peddxbrie l feyl failoia lnrrpmsmytcse aere fndwfodanr a cdmitnieparagryalt riintoteesignclunel .resc tfitisaTomr cnoheein,se . October 96 | doi: pTohley (mmeotdheyll wmase thinaictriaylllayte e-cvoa-lbuuatteydl aacsr yala ftuen) ctlaiotenx eosf. paErxtipceleri msizenet afol r 2 on 5, 19 rpeasrualmtse tevrasl.i dIante tdh e thsueb semqoudenelt, adnaeslypsiitse ofth the e emstoimdealt,i othne voifs coseelvaesrtaicl 41 3.35.ober nwaetiugrhet omf otdhiefi ecrosp o(lCymBre r cwhaaisn vtararinesdfe rb ya gthene t aadnddit ioenth yolfe nme oglelcyucloalr ed by 89.16n Date: Oct dtthoime t hepteha ariancmriytielaatetlr ems corwdoeesrsl leien vekami4lnupaglto imoyneod,n .oe mxpFeerirl)mim d eudnrrtiyanilngly gs y dkneittnheeretmsicisisn., e dtIhn ev c aolsunuetrrfsaa ocstef do oaati energetics of the system and hydroplasticization of the copolymer wnlblic were investigated. Results showed that the degree of film formation DoPu ranged from complete to superficial. Comparison of the model predictions and experimental observations supported the model. As a film-forming latex dries, it is transformed from a colloidal dispersion into a continuous polymer film having mechanical integrity. The quality of the fused film, in combination with the bulk polymer character, determines the ultimate coating properties. Consequently, an understanding of the process of film formation is critical for the development of latex coatings. 3Current address: Emulsion Polymers Research, Dow Chemical Company, 1604 Building, Midland, MI 48674 0097-6156/96/0648-0002$15.00/0 © 1996 American Chemical Society In Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings; Provder, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
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