Field Screening Europe: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Strategies and Techniques for the Investigation and Monitoring of Contaminated Sites

418 Pages·1997·7.391 MB·English

by  Dr. T. Ertel, F. Kern (auth.), Johannes Gottlieb, Heinz Hötzl, Karin Huck, Reinhard Niessner (eds.)

Field Screening Europe
Field Screening Europe
Proceedings of the First International Conference on
Strategies and Techniques for the Investigation and
Monitoring of Contaminated Sites
Edited by
Johannes Gottlieb
Environmental Research Center,
Karlsruhe University,
Germany
Heinz Hotzl
Geological Institute,
Karlsruhe University,
Germany
Karin Huck
Institute of Petrography and Geochemistry,
Karlsruhe University,
Germany
and
Reinhard Niessner
Institute of Hydrochemistry,
Technical University of Munich,
Germany
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13 :978-94-0 10-7159-8 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-1473-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1473-5
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Cover photo: Amo Maurer
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover repint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ............................................................................................. xiii
ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS: SCREENING STRATEGIES,
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Optimization of Exploration Strategies Using On-Site Analysis -Experiences during
Three Field Tests
T. Ertel, F. Kern ................................................................................... 3
Deriving Parameters for the Chemical Investigation of Hazardous Sites -
XUMA -more quality, lower cost
J. Hoss .............................................................................................. 9
Assessment of the Screening Procedure for Measuring Nitrate in the Soils of Baden
Wurttemberg (Germany)
Y. V.Kuzyakov, N. Billen, K. Stahr, G. Schmidt, B. Deller, F. Timmermann .......... 13
Screening of Mercury Contaminated Sites: The Relationship between Mercury
Concentration in Soil and Soil Gas
S. Steubing, M. Spengler, M. Hempel ........................................................ 17
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLING STRATEGIES
Sealed Tube Soil Sampling for Volatile Organic Compounds
J. U. Bastrup ....................................................................................... 23
Field Soil Gas Screening Methods for Delineation of Subsurface Contamination
M. Eiswirth, R. Hotzl, B. Reichert, K. Weber ............................................... 29
Passiv Samplers as a Long Term Monitoring System for Hydrophobic Organic
Contaminants
P. Grathwohl, T. Schiedek ...................................................................... 33
Semi-Automatic Field Station for Monitoring Agricultural Leaching
of Nutrients and Pesticides
O.S. Jacobsen, F.P. Vinther ..................................................................... 37
Rapid Leaching Procedures for On-Site Analysis
A. Maurer, F.R. Frimmel, W. Eitel ............................................................ 39
vi
Sampling Model for Contaminated Bulk Soil Masses
Th. Neesse, l. Duck, R. Breiter ................................................................ 43
On Site Screening of the Groundwater Quality by Multiple
Groundwater Sampling Probe
l.J. Olie, D.J.P. Kunst, l.L. Van de Velde .................................................. .47
SITE CHARACTERIZATION
An Attractive Method for Design and Evaluation of Soil Vapour Extraction Systems
W. Borho, M. Nahold ......................................................................... , .53
Application of Geophysical Methods to Former Manufactured Gas Plant Sites:
The Gaz de France Experience
P. Delorme, H.P. Nguyen ....................................................................... 57
A New Technology for Quality Assessment of Slurry Walls
P. Dietrich, Th. Fechner, H.E. Bradl, H. Schad ............................................. 61
In-Situ Measurement of Permeability Using a 'Hydraulic Conductivity Probe'
M.R. Dijkema ..................................................................................... 65
Air Photo Interpretation as Part of a Global Exploration Concept
G.P. Dobner, H. Eckardt ........................................................................ 69
Capability and Limits of a DGPS Supported EM83 Survey for the Fast
Estimation of the Spatial Variation of Clay and Water Contents of Soils
H. Duriesser, H. Stanjek ........................................................................ 73
The Application of Geophysical Surveys Utilised in the Investigation
of Contaminated Land to Target Remediation Programmes
S.l. Emsley, D. Evans ........................................................................... 77
Determination of Gas Permeability by Interpreting Barometric
Pressure Induced Water Level Variations in Boreholes
H. Frenzel, W. Kessels, A. Hartmann, M. Lengnick, G. Zoth ............................ 81
Aerial Photography and Ground Penetrating Radar as Additional Tools
for the Quality Assessment of Restored Land?
E. Friedli, S. Tobias, M. Fritsch ............................................................... 85
Remarks on Electromagnetic Screening Methods
l. Gottlieb .......................................................................................... 89
Evaluation of Discontinuity Parameters and Fracture Connectivity
at a Rock Test Site
H. Hatzl, A. Kaselow, C. Thuringer, K. Witthuser ......................................... 93
vii
Acquiring Positional Data Using GPS (DGPS)
K. Huber ........................................................................................... 99
Developments toward a Risk Management Tool for Simulations of Marine
Transport of Radioactivity in the Oceans -A Case Study from the Kara Sea
O.M. Johannessen, L.H. Pettersson, L.P. Bobylev, I.A. Neelov,
A. V. Kouraev, R.A. Shuchman, V.A. Volkov, V.K. Donchenko,
V. V. Ratoskuev, K. Hasselmann ............................................................ 103
Multivariate and Geostatistical Methods in Environmental Monitoring
and Geochemical Exploration
U. Kramar ....................................................................................... 109
The Use of Geostatistical Methods for Site Characterization -Geological Aspects
H. Kreuter ........................................................................................ 113
How to Get the Structure of Waste Disposals and the Surface of Water
Damming Layers with Geoelectrical Tomography
W. Kuchenbrod ................................................................................. 117
Long Time Experiences with Extensive High Resolution Geomagnetic and
Geoelectric Mapping of Former Waste Disposals and Industrial Sites
W. Kuchenbrod ................................................................................. 121
Hydrocarbon Contamination and Features Mapping Using GPR
Further Results of a Research Programme Involving
the Investigation of a Number of Service Stations
D. W. Leonard, A.S. Eriksen, S. Booth, V.T. Nguyen, M.J. Quick,
D. Zhang, W. Al-Nuamy, Y. Huang ......................................................... 125
Cone Penetrometer Deployed In-Situ Video Imaging System for Characterizing
Sub-Surface Soil Properties and Contaminants
S.H. Lieberman, P.A. Mosier-Boss, C.A. Norita .......................................... 129
Monitoring DNAPL Pools under Controlled Conditions Using GPR
V. Mayer, K-J. Sandmeier, H. Wilhelm ..................................................... 133
Energy Loss and Dispersion of Electromagnetic Signals in Fluid-Saturated Porous
Media due to Frequency Dependence of Complex Dielectric Permittivity
B.-L. Nguyen, A.M. Geels, J. Bruining, E.c. Slob ....................................... l37
Sampling and Statistical as well as Geostatistical Evaluation of Extremely
Heterogeneous Industrial Sites on Example of a Saxonian Slagheap
W. Rasemann .................................................................................... 143
Characterization of the Unsaturated Zone Using Carbon Monoxide as a Tracer
Gas to Improve Soil Venting Systems
S. Richardson, S. Wohnlich ................................................................... 147
viii
Direct Sensing of Soil Conductivity and Detection of Volatile Organic
Compounds in Soil by Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) System
T. Schenk, R. Bracke ........................................................................... 153
On-Site Measurements of the Spatial Distribution of Soil Water Content with
Ground Penetrating Radar
C. Sperl, H. Stanjek, A. Berktold ............................................................ 157
On-Site Measurement of Soil Water Content by a New Time Domain Reflectometry
(TDR) Technique
M. Stacheder, R. Fundinger, K Koehler .................................................... 161
Diffraction Tomography and Field Screening
V.N. Troyan ..................................................................................... 165
Stream Sediments -Statistical Aspects for a Representative Description
of the Sampling Site and Load Assessment (Heavy Metals)
D. Truckenbrodt, J. W. Einax .................................................................. 171
In-Situ Monitoring Techniques Based on Cone-Penetrometer Technology
and Soil Sampling Techniques
van Ree, C.C.D.F. .............................................................................. 175
Characterization of DNAPL sites
A.H. van de Velde, KR. Weytingh ........................................................... 179
Evaluation of Fracture Parameters for Stochastic Generation
of Fracture Networks
K Witthiiser, Th. Himmelsbach ................................................................ 183
BIOCHEMICAL TESTS AND BIOINDICATORS
A Field Screening Method for Contaminated Sites -Validation of
Immunoassays for P AH
K Ebert, P.M. Kramer, A.A. Kettrup ...................................................... 189
Immunochernical Screening for TNT in Soil -Validation of Commercially
Available Test-Kits
O. Eikenberg, P.M. Kramer, A.A. Kettrup .............. , ................................... 193
Test Batteries for the Assessment of the Ecotoxic Potential
of Soils and Soil Materials
S. Fleischmann, B. -M. Wilke ................................................................. 197
Ecotoxicological Test Methods -Characterisation of Soils from a Coal Spill
Using Plant Growth Inhibition and Microbial Activity Tests
S. Fleischmann, B. Winkel, B.-M. Wilke ................................................... 199
IX
Microbial Sensor for PAH in Aqueous Solution Using Solubilizers
A. Konig, Ch. Zaborosch, F. Spener ........................................................ 203
Development of the Bioluminescent Bioindicators for Analyses of Polutions
V.A. Kratasyuk, N.S. Kudryasheva, E. V. Khendogina,
E.V. Vetrova, 1.Y. Kudinova .................................................................. 207
Biotesting of Sewage and River Water by Liofilyzed Luminous Bacteria Biotest
A.M. Kuznetsov, E.K. Rodicheva, S.E. Medvedeva ...................................... 211
Evaluation of a Rapid Field Analytical Test Kit for Assessing Hydrocarbon
Contamination in Soil and Water
W.S. Schutt-Young, L. Sacramone, T.B. Lynn ............................................ 217
On Site Assessment of Microbial Diversity and Activity
I. Wagner-Dobler, R. Erb, P. Rapp, I. Brummer, B. Hauser, R.
Gleitsmann, R.H. Muller ....................................................................... 221
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Methods for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Air, Soil & Water
H.D. Andersen .................................................................................. 227
The Draeger Chip-Measuring System: A Field Screening Method for the
Quantitative Measurement of Chemicals in Air
W. Bather ........................................................................................ 231
Combination Method of Field and Laboratory Measurements for
Hydrochemical Field Mapping
S. Bender, S. Wohnlich ........................................................................ 235
On-Site-Determination of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons In Soils
H. Borsdorf, H. Schelhorn, 1. Flachowsky ................................................ 239
Portable Fiber-Optic In-Situ Monitoring System for Hydrocarbons in Water
J. Burck, M. Mensch ........................................................................... 243
Time-Resolved Excitation-Emission Spectra for Screening of Residual Waste
C. Dicke, U. Panne, R. Niessner ............................................................. 247
Use of Rock-Eval Method for Assessment of Oil-Contaminated Soils:
Pollut-Eval Analyzer
J. Ducreux, E. Lafargue, C. Bocard, F. Marquis, D. Pillot ............................... 251
Mobile On-Site Analysis in the Environmental Research
J. Flachowsky ................................................................................... 259
x
A New Mobile Unit for On-Site Investigation of Organic and Inorganic
Compounds in Polluted Areas
M. Fourmentin, F. Cazier, A. Lorriaux, F. Wallart ........................................ 263
Rapid Photometric Field Test for Estimating PblZn Contamination in Soils
H.-E. Giibler, W. Wisch ....................................................................... 267
Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Intrinsic Biodegradation of
BTX-Compounds at Anoxic Locations
J. Griffioen, R.J.B. Peters .................................................................... 271
Fast Elemental Screening of Colloidal Particle by Laser-Induced
Plasma Spectroscopy (UPS)
C. Haisch, U. Panne, R. Niessner ........................................................... 275
MABOWEG -A Mobile Force Using Field Screening Methods
F. Kern, W. Eitel, A. Maurer ................................................................. 279
A New AOX Test Kit for On-Site Analysis and Screening
R. Konig, A. Farjam ........................................................................... 283
Fast Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Contaminated
Water and Soilsamples with Immunological and Chromatographic Methods
D. Knopp, M. Seifert, V. Viiiiniinen, R. Niessner .......................................... 287
Determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Wastewater -Performance of a
Photometric Cuvette-Test in Comparison to a Catalytic Combustion Analyzer
C. Kraatz, A. Farjam ........................................................................... 291
Mobile GCIMS Analysis in the Field for the Determination of Toxic Compounds
G. Matz, W. Schroder .......................................................................... 295
Gore Sorber Screening Surveys -A Passive Sorptive Method for Detecting
Organic Compounds in Soil and Ground Water
C. Mehltretter, H. Sorge, H. Stolpmann .................................................... 299
New Dimensions in Field Screening: Distributed Analysis and
Virtual Laboratories
H. C. Meuzelaar ................................................................................. 303
The Analysis of Harmful Materials in Wood by Means of Laser Plasma Emission
Spectroscopy
A. Morak, A. Unkroth, R. Sauerbrey ........................................................ 305
The JRC Advanced Mobile Analytical Laboratory AMAL
F. Mousty, M. D'Alessandro ................................................................. 309
Heavy Metal Screening Using an XRF Field Spectrometer
A. Miiller, J. Pelzer ............................................................................. 313
xi
Developing Sensors for On-Line Monitoring of NOX Gases Based on
Oscillating Crystals
O. Ocic, P. J ovanic ............................................................................. 319
Portable Ion Selective Technique in Field Screening of Plants Pollution
N. Osmolovskaya ............................................................................... 325
On-site, In-Situ Characterization of Contaminated Soil and Liquid Hazardous
Waste with Field Portable X-Ray Analyzer -A Cost Effective Approach
S. Piorek ......................................................................................... 329
On-Site Analysis by Mobile X-Ray Fluorescence
A. Riimmler, H. Gallinger, J. Flachowsky .................................................. 335
The Use of 'J oule-Thomson' Type Cooled Detectors for Field Transportable
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometers
A. Russell, T. Feldman ......................................................................... 339
Sum Parameter Evaluation of Toxic Compounds in Water and Soil Samples
with Mobile GC/MS
W. Schroder, J. Kiibler, G. Matz ............................................................. 343
Wood Preservatives on Waste Wood: Fast Detection with GC/MS, GCIECD
and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (lMS)
W. Schroder, G. Matz .......................................................................... 347
Measurement of VOC Mobility in Soils and Groundwaters for Environmental
Risk Assessment Using MUlti-Capillary Coupled Ion Mobility Spectrometry
S. Sielemann, J.I. Baumbach, G.A. Eiceman,
J. Jauzein, G. Walendzik, D. Klockow ...................................................... 351
Partial Discharge Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Rapid Quality Assessment
of SF6 Used in High Voltage Substations
O. Soppart, 1.1. Baumbach, S.M. Alberti, D. Klockow ................................... 355
On-Site Analysis Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry
J. Stach, J. Flachowsky, H. Schelhorn, M. Brodacki ..................................... 359
Rapid Diagnosis of Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soils Using UV Detection
E. Touraud, O. Thomas ........................................................................ 363
Portable HPLC New Generation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographs
v.M. Tulchinsky, L.L. Glazunov, V. V. Karev, E.R. Morozova ......................... 367
A Field Method of Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic in Water
Including a Speciation
P. Volke, B. Merkel ............................................................................ 371
Comparison of characterization methods/determination of oil content in soil based on
simple methods
K.R. Weytingh ,B. Putters .................................................................... 377