Field Crop Diseases Handbook

814 Pages·1989·15.404 MB·English

by  Robert F. Nyvall Ph.D. (auth.)

Field Crop Diseases
___H andbook ____
FIELD CROP
DISEASES
HANDBOOK
Second Edition
Robert F. Nyvall, Ph.D.
Professor, Plant Pathology
and
Superintendent, University of Minnesota
North Central Experiment Station
Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Copyright © 1989 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Ori.gina1ly published by Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1989
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1989
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 88-20776
ISBN 978-1-4757-5223-6
AII rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright
hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means
graphic, electronic, or mechan:ical, including photocopying, recording,
taping, or information storage and retrieval systems-without written
permission of the publisher.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NyvalI, Robert F.
Field crop diseases handbook / Robert F. Nyvall. - 2nd ed.
p. cm.
"An AVI book."
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-5223-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-5221-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.10071978-1-4757-5221-2
1. Field crops-Diseases and pests-Handbooks, manuals, etc.
2. Plant diseases-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Phytopathogenic
microorganisms-Control-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 1. Title.
SB731.N94 1989
633'.0893-dc19 88-20776
CIP
To Martha, Nathan, and Sandra;
and to my parents,
Gertrude and Robert.
_____C ontents _____
Preface / xiii
1 DISEASES OF ALFALFA 1
Bacterial Causes / 1
Fungal Causes / 4
Mycoplasmal Causes / 28
Caused by Nematodes / 29
Viral Causes / 30
2 DISEASES OF BARLEY 37
Bacterial Causes / 37
Fungal Causes / 40
Mycoplasmal Causes / 68
Caused by Nematodes / 68
Viral Causes / 71
3 DISEASES OF BUCKWHEAT 87
Fungal Causes / 87
4 DISEASES OF CORN 91
Bacterial Causes / 91
Fungal Causes / 97
Mycoplasmal and Spiroplasmal
Causes / 141
Caused by Nematodes / 142
Viral Causes / 146
5 DISEASES OF COTTON 171
Bacterial Causes / 171
Fungal Causes / 173
Mycoplasmal Causes / 198
Caused by Nematodes / 199
Viral Causes / 201
vii
viii CONTENTS
6 DISEASES OF CRAMBE 211
Fungal Causes / 211
Viral Causes / 213
7 DISEASES OF FIELD BEANS 215
Bacterial Causes / 215
Fungal Causes / 220
Mycoplasmal Causes / 237
Caused by Nematodes / 238
Viral Causes / 239
8 DISEASES OF FLAX 251
Fungal Causes / 251
Mycoplasmal Causes / 261
Viral Causes / 261
Physiologic or Weather-
Oriented Problems / 262
9 DISEASES OF MILLET 265
Bacterial Causes / 265
Fungal Causes / 266
Viral Causes / 277
Diseases of Unknown Etiology / 278
10 DISEASES OF OATS 281
Bacterial Causes / 281
Fungal Causes / 284
Mycoplasmal Causes / 300
Caused by Nematodes / 301
Viral Causes / 304
Physiological Disorders / 308
11 DISEASES OF PEANUT 311
Bacterial Causes / 311
Fungal Causes / 312
Mycoplasmal Causes / 335
Caused by Nematodes / 335
Rickettsial Causes / 338
Viral Causes / 339
CONTENTS ix
12 DISEASES OF RAPESEED (CANOLA)
AND MUSTARD 351
Bacterial Causes / 351
Fungal Causes / 352
Mycoplasmal Causes / 360
Viral Causes / 361
Disorders of Unknown Cause / 361
13 DISEASES OF RED CLOVER 365
Bacterial Causes / 365
Fungal Causes / 366
Mycoplasmal Causes / 379
Caused by Nematodes / 380
Viral Causes / 381
14 DISEASES OF RICE 385
Bacterial Causes / 385
Fungal Causes / 390
Mycoplasmal Causes / 407
Caused by Nematodes / 407
Viral Causes / 409
Disorders of Abiotic or
Unknown Cause / 420
15 DISEASES OF RYE 427
Bacterial Causes / 427
Fungal Causes / 429
Mycoplasmal Causes / 444
Caused by Nematodes / 445
Viral Causes / 447
16 DISEASES OF SAFFLOWER 451
Bacterial Causes / 451
Fungal Causes / 452
Mycoplasmal Causes / 459
Viral Causes / 460
17 DISEASES OF SORGHUM 465
Bacterial Causes / 465
Fungal Causes / 468
x CONTENTS
Mycoplasmal Causes / 491
Caused by Nematodes / 491
Viral Causes / 493
Disorders of Unknown Cause / 498
18 DISEASES OF SOYBEANS 503
Bacterial Causes / 503
Fungal Causes / 508
Mycoplasmal Causes / 538
Caused by Nematodes / 539
Viral Causes / 543
Disorders of Unknown Cause / 551
19 DISEASES OF SUGARBEETS 561
Bacterial Causes / 561
Fungal Causes / 564
Caused by Nematodes / 581
Rickettsial Causes / 584
Viral Causes / 585
20 DISEASES OF SUGARCANE 597
Bacterial Causes / 597
Fungal Causes / 601
Caused by Nematodes / 629
Viral Causes / 631
21 DISEASES OF SUNFLOWERS 639
Bacterial Causes / 639
Fungal Causes / 641
Mycoplasmal Causes / 654
Caused by Nematodes / 654
Viral Causes / 655
Nonparasitic Causes / 656
22 DISEASES OF TOBACCO 661
Bacterial Causes / 661
Fungal Causes / 669
Mycoplasmal Causes / 687
Caused by Nematodes / 689
Viral Causes / 693
Disorders Caused by
Higher Plants / 704
CONTENTS xi
23 DISEASES OF WHEAT 709
Bacterial Causes / 709
Fungal Causes / 714
Mycoplasmal Causes / 749
Caused by Nematodes / 750
Caused by Viroids / 754
Viral Causes / 754
24 DISEASES OF WILD RICE 777
Bacterial Causes / 777
Fungal Causes / 778
Miscellaneous Nematodes / 782
Viral Causes / 783
Glossary / 785
Index / 791